Eastern European elections are regarded as outlying cases in international research. According to scholars, the reason for it lies in a low institutionalisation of political parties. In this article, I focus on the developments which occur in the institutionalisation of party systems in the course of the first multiparty elections. Theories about party system formation and strategic voter behaviour let suggest that the party system stabilises and nationalises after several elections. It is only with sufficient experience that political parties and voters have enough information to act strategically and to adjust their behaviour to the new electoral systems. A novel database on electoral results on the district level that I constructed allows me to test those hypotheses by measuring “party nationalisation” and “wasted votes” for the first time for Eastern Europe. Both indicators are calculated with innovating measures for Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova and Romania. Even if the countries (in contrast for instance to Central Europe) have few democratic experience, four of those party systems after one and a half decades reached almost “normal” values. But Russia still lacks a well institutionalised party system.
{"title":"The 'normalisation' of party systems and voting behaviour in Eastern Europe","authors":"D. Bochsler","doi":"10.5167/UZH-48561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-48561","url":null,"abstract":"Eastern European elections are regarded as outlying cases in international research. According to scholars, the reason for it lies in a low institutionalisation of political parties. In this article, I focus on the developments which occur in the institutionalisation of party systems in the course of the first multiparty elections. Theories about party system formation and strategic voter behaviour let suggest that the party system stabilises and nationalises after several elections. It is only with sufficient experience that political parties and voters have enough information to act strategically and to adjust their behaviour to the new electoral systems. A novel database on electoral results on the district level that I constructed allows me to test those hypotheses by measuring “party nationalisation” and “wasted votes” for the first time for Eastern Europe. Both indicators are calculated with innovating measures for Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Moldova and Romania. Even if the countries (in contrast for instance to Central Europe) have few democratic experience, four of those party systems after one and a half decades reached almost “normal” values. But Russia still lacks a well institutionalised party system.","PeriodicalId":41810,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Political Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"53-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91323637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nepal's Engagement in BRI and MCC: Implications on Nepal's Geopolitics and Foreign Policy discusses on Nepal's engagement in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the USA's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). In doing so, it defines BRI, MCC, and the perspective of Heartland under Mackinder's geopolitical theories briefly. The paper critically analyzes the issues and consequences of BRI and MCC on Nepal's geopolitics and foreign policy. It examines the BRI and MCC at global arena briefly that how they have been going global. Meanwhile, the paper assesses the relation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) and the MCC. In addition, the paper critically evaluates the legacy of Nepal's foreign policy and the implication of MCC as per the Nepal Constitution-2015. It adopts with qualitative method. Finally, the paper concludes that Nepal has three options about the MCC compact and the best one is making a serious diplomatic effort from the Nepalese side to re-negotiate with the USA to review some provisions of the agreement.
{"title":"Nepal's Engagement in BRI and MCC: Implications on Nepal's Geopolitics and Foreign Policy","authors":"H. Chand","doi":"10.3126/jps.v21i1.39288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jps.v21i1.39288","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal's Engagement in BRI and MCC: Implications on Nepal's Geopolitics and Foreign Policy discusses on Nepal's engagement in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the USA's Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC). In doing so, it defines BRI, MCC, and the perspective of Heartland under Mackinder's geopolitical theories briefly. The paper critically analyzes the issues and consequences of BRI and MCC on Nepal's geopolitics and foreign policy. It examines the BRI and MCC at global arena briefly that how they have been going global. Meanwhile, the paper assesses the relation of the Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) and the MCC. In addition, the paper critically evaluates the legacy of Nepal's foreign policy and the implication of MCC as per the Nepal Constitution-2015. It adopts with qualitative method. Finally, the paper concludes that Nepal has three options about the MCC compact and the best one is making a serious diplomatic effort from the Nepalese side to re-negotiate with the USA to review some provisions of the agreement. ","PeriodicalId":41810,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Journal of Political Science","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80342420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：