Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/194341421x16213644579319
It is commonly understood within the tourism industry that the longer term success of a destination depends on visitor loyalty. While there have been extensive scholarly investigations of destination loyalty, there has been minimal empirical examination of the most critical determinants of loyalty within a single integrated model, particularly in the context of cultural destinations. To bridge this gap, this study investigates the direct influence of five factors on destination loyalty; destination image, destination awareness, perceived risks, perceived quality, and perceived value. The authors also provide new evidence about these relationships, with a focus on Petra one of the world’s most popular cultural-oriented destinations. Using a purposive sampling method, a total of 708 surveys were collected from international tourists who visited Petra between April and June 2019. It was found that all antecedents apart from perceived risks, had a positive impact on destination loyalty. Apart from extending knowledge about destination loyalty, this study provides key implications for practitioners and proposes a future research agenda.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF LOYALTY IN CULTURAL DESTINATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM PETRA, JORDAN","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/194341421x16213644579319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421x16213644579319","url":null,"abstract":"It is commonly understood within the tourism industry that the longer term success of a destination depends on visitor loyalty. While there have been extensive scholarly investigations of destination loyalty, there has been minimal empirical examination of the most critical determinants of loyalty within a single integrated model, particularly in the context of cultural destinations. To bridge this gap, this study investigates the direct influence of five factors on destination loyalty; destination image, destination awareness, perceived risks, perceived quality, and perceived value. The authors also provide new evidence about these relationships, with a focus on Petra one of the world’s most popular cultural-oriented destinations. Using a purposive sampling method, a total of 708 surveys were collected from international tourists who visited Petra between April and June 2019. It was found that all antecedents apart from perceived risks, had a positive impact on destination loyalty. Apart from extending knowledge about destination loyalty, this study provides key implications for practitioners and proposes a future research agenda.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84007992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/194341421x16213713588808
Raj has always been a fascinating study for the West. East was that mystical land of snake charmers and tight rope walkers, of bejewelled Maharajas riding on elephants and naked fakirs performing their rope tricks. It has been debated that the Orient was romanticized for the West’s own interests- to lure the West to the East, to make postings to India more palatable, to find charm in an alien culture and civilization. The present paper aims to explore how writings on the royal kitchen have added to the image of the exotic orient and inspired interest both in India and in the Indian cuisine.
{"title":"ROMANTICISING THE RAJ THROUGH TALES OF THE ROYAL KITCHENS","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/194341421x16213713588808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421x16213713588808","url":null,"abstract":"Raj has always been a fascinating study for the West. East was that mystical land of snake charmers and tight rope walkers, of bejewelled Maharajas riding on elephants and naked fakirs performing their rope tricks. It has been debated that the Orient was romanticized for the West’s own interests- to lure the West to the East, to make postings to India more palatable, to find charm in an alien culture and civilization. The present paper aims to explore how writings on the royal kitchen have added to the image of the exotic orient and inspired interest both in India and in the Indian cuisine.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74945680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16262461231783
This article advocates a new agenda for (media) tourism research that links questions of tourist experiences to the role and meaning of imagination in everyday life. Based on a small-scale, qualitative study among a group of seventeen respondents of diverse ages and backgrounds currently residing in the Netherlands, we offer an empirical exploration of the places that are of importance for people’s individual state of mind and investigate how these places relate to (potential) tourist experiences. The combination of in-depth interviews and random-cue self-reporting resulted in the following findings: 1) all our respondents regularly reside in an elaborate imaginary world, consisting of both fictional and non-fictional places; 2) this imaginary world is dominated by places which make the respondents feel nostalgic; 3) in this regard, the private home and houses from childhood are pivotal; 4) the ‘home’ is seen as topos of the self and contrasted with ‘away’; 5) the imagination of ‘away’ emerges from memories of previous tourist experiences, personal fantasies and, last but not least, influences from popular culture. We conclude that imagining and visiting other locations are part of a life-long project of ‘identity work’ in which personal identities are performed, confirmed and extended. By travelling, either physically or mentally, individuals anchor their identity - the entirety of ideas about who they are, where they come from and where they think they belong - in a broader, spatial framework.
{"title":"BEYOND THE TOURIST EXPERIENCE: ANALYZING THE IMAGINATION OF PLACE AND TRAVEL IN EVERYDAY LIFE","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16262461231783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16262461231783","url":null,"abstract":"This article advocates a new agenda for (media) tourism research that links questions of tourist experiences to the role and meaning of imagination in everyday life. Based on a small-scale, qualitative study among a group of seventeen respondents of diverse ages and backgrounds currently residing in the Netherlands, we offer an empirical exploration of the places that are of importance for people’s individual state of mind and investigate how these places relate to (potential) tourist experiences. The combination of in-depth interviews and random-cue self-reporting resulted in the following findings: 1) all our respondents regularly reside in an elaborate imaginary world, consisting of both fictional and non-fictional places; 2) this imaginary world is dominated by places which make the respondents feel nostalgic; 3) in this regard, the private home and houses from childhood are pivotal; 4) the ‘home’ is seen as topos of the self and contrasted with ‘away’; 5) the imagination of ‘away’ emerges from memories of previous tourist experiences, personal fantasies and, last but not least, influences from popular culture. We conclude that imagining and visiting other locations are part of a life-long project of ‘identity work’ in which personal identities are performed, confirmed and extended. By travelling, either physically or mentally, individuals anchor their identity - the entirety of ideas about who they are, where they come from and where they think they belong - in a broader, spatial framework.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74470004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/194341421x16213644579300
Many potential destinations are rich in cultural resources. As cultural tourism becomes increasingly important for communities to showcase their cultural capital, it is vital to assess how cultural tourists can be better understood and serviced through planning and marketing to attract more international visitors. The marketing funnel process can help policymakers understand the critical components of tourists’ visiting behavior. The process conceptualizes the process of how a consumer purchases a product or service from awareness through to purchase. We augment this marketing funnel process by also noting the importance of post-consumption evaluation: the likelihood to recommend. Cultural heritage tourism is an important feature of India’s tourism. Murshidabad, a district of West Bengal, India, situated on the bank of Bhagirathi River, is 220 kilometres away from the State capital, Kolkata. Murshidabad has a large number of cultural resources, both tangible and intangible. The study explores the cultural resources and their potential availability in Murshidabad. This will determine the scope of cultural heritage tourism development. This research assesses tourists’ awareness, visitation, and likelihood to recommend cultural heritage resources in Murshidabad. It also assesses residents’ perceptions towards cultural heritage tourism development as well as the community’s participation level in cultural tourism development. This research uses a quantitative method to sample both tourists and the local community. The findings reveal strong support for cultural tourism development among the local community and high willingness to recommend many cultural attractions, although promotion and awareness of some attractions can be improved.
{"title":"MARKETING CULTURAL TOURISM IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY SETTINGS: THE CASE OF MURSHIDABAD, WEST BENGAL, INDIA","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/194341421x16213644579300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421x16213644579300","url":null,"abstract":"Many potential destinations are rich in cultural resources. As cultural tourism becomes increasingly important for communities to showcase their cultural capital, it is vital to assess how cultural tourists can be better understood and serviced through planning and marketing to attract more international visitors. The marketing funnel process can help policymakers understand the critical components of tourists’ visiting behavior. The process conceptualizes the process of how a consumer purchases a product or service from awareness through to purchase. We augment this marketing funnel process by also noting the importance of post-consumption evaluation: the likelihood to recommend. Cultural heritage tourism is an important feature of India’s tourism. Murshidabad, a district of West Bengal, India, situated on the bank of Bhagirathi River, is 220 kilometres away from the State capital, Kolkata. Murshidabad has a large number of cultural resources, both tangible and intangible. The study explores the cultural resources and their potential availability in Murshidabad. This will determine the scope of cultural heritage tourism development. This research assesses tourists’ awareness, visitation, and likelihood to recommend cultural heritage resources in Murshidabad. It also assesses residents’ perceptions towards cultural heritage tourism development as well as the community’s participation level in cultural tourism development. This research uses a quantitative method to sample both tourists and the local community. The findings reveal strong support for cultural tourism development among the local community and high willingness to recommend many cultural attractions, although promotion and awareness of some attractions can be improved.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79737504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16257465701927
Teaching in a different culture and environment is always a challenging issue. This may last from few months even to few years, depending upon the consequences of personal characteristics and environmental situations. Based on a personal experience, this paper investigates the possible cultural differences between the lecturer and students in a teaching environment and understanding how the student perceptions may gradually change and the student–lecturer interaction may evolve until the semester ends. In a methodological way, the conclusions were drawn out of a mixed–method approach that is composed of a personal observation of the lecturer (etic), and expressions, both verbal and written, and memories of other persons (students) within the same class (emic). In lights of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the study addresses a list of practical implications as the “lessons learned” – presumably the best way to cope with the challenges of teaching in a different culture.
{"title":"CHALLENGES OF TEACHING IN A DIFFERENT CULTURE: AN AUTO-ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16257465701927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16257465701927","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching in a different culture and environment is always a challenging issue. This may last from few months even to few years, depending upon the consequences of personal characteristics and environmental situations. Based on a personal experience, this paper investigates the possible cultural differences between the lecturer and students in a teaching environment and understanding how the student perceptions may gradually change and the student–lecturer interaction may evolve until the semester ends. In a methodological way, the conclusions were drawn out of a mixed–method approach that is composed of a personal observation of the lecturer (etic), and expressions, both verbal and written, and memories of other persons (students) within the same class (emic). In lights of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the study addresses a list of practical implications as the “lessons learned” – presumably the best way to cope with the challenges of teaching in a different culture.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75927922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16257465701954
The present study aims to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SQ) and cultural intelligence (CQ) and measure their impacts on interpersonal communication skills on cultural tour guides in a religious complex in Iran via structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the survey show that there is a positive and significant relationship between SQ and CQ. Also, we found that CQ has a significant effect on interpersonal communication skills. The effect of SQ on communication skills was not supported in this study.
{"title":"THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE (CQ), SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE (SQ) AND INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS: THE CASE OF CULTURAL TOUR GUIDES","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16257465701954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16257465701954","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence (SQ) and cultural intelligence (CQ) and measure their impacts on interpersonal communication skills on cultural tour guides in a religious complex in Iran via structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the survey show that there is a positive and significant relationship between SQ and CQ. Also, we found that CQ has a significant effect on interpersonal communication skills. The effect of SQ on communication skills was not supported in this study.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"9 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73152252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16345418234074
A. Aloudat, Saad Al-Saad
A key component of any destinations' culture is the country's indigenous population, including the indigenous tour guides who convey the indigenous experience to the tourists as they are mostly the only ones to be encountered at first hand by the tourists yet, their exceptional role is largely unmapped. This research aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of the indigenous tour guides on their cultural mediating role, specifically, in a cultural context in which the indigenous people are dominant, powerful in the society, and represent the majority of the local community.The research inquiry uses a qualitative approach employing key informants and semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from tour guides in Jordan. The findings are organized in two themes based on the related literature and the interviews transcripts. First, tour guides’ beliefs about their role as cultural mediators. Next, tour guides’ opinions about the influencing action they practice in their interpretation. The research emphasized the utmost exceptionality of the indigenous tour guides as innate cultural mediators revealing their influencing power of such mediation, in specific, in an oriental cultural setting. The research recommends considering the indigenous tour guides as key players in bridging the gaps between different cultures giving the fact that indigenous knowledge is acquired from being indigenous people. In addition, the research indicated that it is critical to recognise the quality of mediation they perform taking into account the accurate interpretation of the destination’s culture.
{"title":"INDIGENOUS TOUR GUIDES: INNATE INFLUENCERS OF CULTURAL MEDIATION","authors":"A. Aloudat, Saad Al-Saad","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16345418234074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16345418234074","url":null,"abstract":"A key component of any destinations' culture is the country's indigenous population, including the indigenous tour guides who convey the indigenous experience to the tourists as they are mostly the only ones to be encountered at first hand by the tourists yet, their exceptional role is largely unmapped. This research aims to explore the experiences and perspectives of the indigenous tour guides on their cultural mediating role, specifically, in a cultural context in which the indigenous people are dominant, powerful in the society, and represent the majority of the local community.The research inquiry uses a qualitative approach employing key informants and semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select participants from tour guides in Jordan. The findings are organized in two themes based on the related literature and the interviews transcripts. First, tour guides’ beliefs about their role as cultural mediators. Next, tour guides’ opinions about the influencing action they practice in their interpretation. The research emphasized the utmost exceptionality of the indigenous tour guides as innate cultural mediators revealing their influencing power of such mediation, in specific, in an oriental cultural setting. The research recommends considering the indigenous tour guides as key players in bridging the gaps between different cultures giving the fact that indigenous knowledge is acquired from being indigenous people. In addition, the research indicated that it is critical to recognise the quality of mediation they perform taking into account the accurate interpretation of the destination’s culture.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84314907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/194341421x16213644579328
All travellers eat and drink when they travel but not all travellers are food lovers or travel for food. This research explores food tourism and food tourists in two case studies of New Zealand and the Cook Islands. The research focuses on the information about food that food lovers seek, and the critical components required at a destination for food tourism to flourish. Thirty-one interviews were conducted in both New Zealand and Rarotonga using a purposive sample. The findings show that people want information about the food stories that they can trust. In both places, many of the stories are hidden and this leads to lost opportunity and potential disappointment for the food tourist. There is a lack of voice about the food culture. New Zealand promotes its primary produce to the world but it does not actively promote the opportunity to experience it at home. The Cook Island situation reflects the complexities of small island states with lack of consistency and complacency in the food on offer. A digital food resource is advocated in both places that is curated, articulated and disseminated to focus the lens on the food culture and all its experiences.
{"title":"FOOD TOURISM IN OCEANIA: TELLING THE STORIES","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/194341421x16213644579328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421x16213644579328","url":null,"abstract":"All travellers eat and drink when they travel but not all travellers are food lovers or travel for food. This research explores food tourism and food tourists in two case studies of New Zealand and the Cook Islands. The research focuses on the information about food that food lovers seek, and the critical components required at a destination for food tourism to flourish. Thirty-one interviews were conducted in both New Zealand and Rarotonga using a purposive sample. The findings show that people want information about the food stories that they can trust. In both places, many of the stories are hidden and this leads to lost opportunity and potential disappointment for the food tourist. There is a lack of voice about the food culture. New Zealand promotes its primary produce to the world but it does not actively promote the opportunity to experience it at home. The Cook Island situation reflects the complexities of small island states with lack of consistency and complacency in the food on offer. A digital food resource is advocated in both places that is curated, articulated and disseminated to focus the lens on the food culture and all its experiences.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78871493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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