Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16296375579561
This article explores signs of hospitality in the tourism linguistic landscape (LL) of the Kumano Kodo Pilgrimage Trail in Wakayama, Japan. We argue that the multilingualization of visible tourism public signage in this rural region raises important philosophical questions of hospitality. With the help of Jacque Derrida to navigate this terrain, we examine how rural regions and communities communicate and negotiate hospitality in a rapidly internationalizing rural tourism destination. Combining photographic data, participant observation, and open-ended interviews, we offer a close reading of the tourism LL at three gathering points along the Nakahechi route: Shingu City station, Kumano Hongu Taisha, and the small village of Chikatsuyu. The article is structured as follows. We begin by defining LL studies and draw attention to the current research in tourism settings. Next, an overview of Derrida’s contribution to the philosophy of hospitality is presented, which acts as a guide for reading the trail’s tourism LL. The discussion then revolves around three main themes: the host as hostage to hospitality; the reproduction of the conditional hospitality through tourism LLs; and the work of hospitality understood as an ethic of negotiating the threshold of the unconditional and conditional, the impossible and the unavoidable. Bringing together a philosophy of hospitality with tourism LL research, the articles adds new theoretical perspectives to the study LLs. It also deepens our understandings of the relationship between hospitality, tourism, and linguistic landscapes.
{"title":"“WHAT YOUR HEAD!”: SIGNS OF HOSPITALITY IN THE TOURISM LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPES OF RURAL JAPAN","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16296375579561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16296375579561","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores signs of hospitality in the tourism linguistic landscape (LL) of the Kumano Kodo Pilgrimage Trail in Wakayama, Japan. We argue that the multilingualization of visible tourism public signage in this rural region raises important philosophical questions of hospitality. With the help of Jacque Derrida to navigate this terrain, we examine how rural regions and communities communicate and negotiate hospitality in a rapidly internationalizing rural tourism destination. Combining photographic data, participant observation, and open-ended interviews, we offer a close reading of the tourism LL at three gathering points along the Nakahechi route: Shingu City station, Kumano Hongu Taisha, and the small village of Chikatsuyu. The article is structured as follows. We begin by defining LL studies and draw attention to the current research in tourism settings. Next, an overview of Derrida’s contribution to the philosophy of hospitality is presented, which acts as a guide for reading the trail’s tourism LL. The discussion then revolves around three main themes: the host as hostage to hospitality; the reproduction of the conditional hospitality through tourism LLs; and the work of hospitality understood as an ethic of negotiating the threshold of the unconditional and conditional, the impossible and the unavoidable. Bringing together a philosophy of hospitality with tourism LL research, the articles adds new theoretical perspectives to the study LLs. It also deepens our understandings of the relationship between hospitality, tourism, and linguistic landscapes.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79771870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16296375579543
The introduction to this special issue explores why in an ‘age of communication’ it has become increasingly important to revisit a somewhat lost sense of communication that we describe as the interface of culture and communication. Inspired by Karen Barad’s work and the diverse range of contributions to this special issue, we reflect on the fragmented, multiplied and diffracted sense of communication that has emerged in recent years. We examine this emergent form of communication through three interlinking yet distinct areas of study: “affective communication”, “tourism media interface”, and “interface of the human and nonhuman”. Providing grounded empirical research alongside unique theoretical insights, the eight articles bring together a diverse and complex range of contexts that would otherwise not enter into conversation with one another. And yet in their own ways each contribution challenges how communication has been approached and perceived in specific tourism settings and opens up spaces for understanding communication as diffraction and differentiation rather than a coming-together. By revisiting communication in this way, previous relationships embedded in tourism can be seen in new and interesting ways. The introduction to this special issue offers an initial exploratory conceptual framing of what we call the interface of culture and communication in effort to forefront new ways of thinking and engaging with culture and communication in tourism studies and beyond.
{"title":"SPECIAL ISSUE: THE INTERFACE OF CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16296375579543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16296375579543","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction to this special issue explores why in an ‘age of communication’ it has become increasingly important to revisit a somewhat lost sense of communication that we describe as the interface of culture and communication. Inspired by Karen Barad’s work and the diverse range of contributions to this special issue, we reflect on the fragmented, multiplied and diffracted sense of communication that has emerged in recent years. We examine this emergent form of communication through three interlinking yet distinct areas of study: “affective communication”, “tourism media interface”, and “interface of the human and nonhuman”. Providing grounded empirical research alongside unique theoretical insights, the eight articles bring together a diverse and complex range of contexts that would otherwise not enter into conversation with one another. And yet in their own ways each contribution challenges how communication has been approached and perceived in specific tourism settings and opens up spaces for understanding communication as diffraction and differentiation rather than a coming-together. By revisiting communication in this way, previous relationships embedded in tourism can be seen in new and interesting ways. The introduction to this special issue offers an initial exploratory conceptual framing of what we call the interface of culture and communication in effort to forefront new ways of thinking and engaging with culture and communication in tourism studies and beyond.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82804038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16262461231819
E. Lasten, Danqing Liu, Lan Jiang, R. Upchurch
Dr. Richard Nisbett’s seminal publication appropriately titled The Geography of Thought has generated considerable scientific interest relative to the social as well as cognitive processes that underlie information processing and assimilation. The encapsulation of Nisbett’s body of research is best summarized as how people process information directly impacts what they think. Furthermore, the application of social psychology research pertaining to ontological impact upon argument and reasoning analysis is lacking in the hospitality literature. Testing Nisbett’s premise using hospitality and tourism students in China, Korea, Colombia, and the United States discovered a presence of geographical differences in information processing (decoding) of argument and reasoning statements although within group variances in information analysis was also detected. The implication is that a deeper understanding of how cognitive, sociocultural, individual, situational factors influence decision making is needed in hospitality and tourism.
理查德·尼斯贝特博士的开创性出版物《思想的地理》(The Geography of Thought)恰如其分地引起了科学界对社会和认知过程的极大兴趣，这些过程是信息处理和同化的基础。尼斯贝特的研究可以概括为:人们处理信息的方式直接影响他们的想法。此外，关于本体论对论证和推理分析的影响的社会心理学研究的应用在酒店文献中是缺乏的。利用中国、韩国、哥伦比亚和美国的酒店和旅游专业学生对Nisbett的假设进行测试，发现在论证和推理陈述的信息处理(解码)中存在地理差异，尽管在信息分析中也发现了组内差异。这意味着酒店业和旅游业需要更深入地了解认知、社会文化、个人和情境因素如何影响决策。
{"title":"A RESEARCH NOTE ON TACIT ONTOLOGIES: AN APPLICATION OF NISBETT’S GEOGRAPHY OF THOUGHT PREMISE AS DISCERNED BY HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM STUDENTS","authors":"E. Lasten, Danqing Liu, Lan Jiang, R. Upchurch","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16262461231819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16262461231819","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Richard Nisbett’s seminal publication appropriately titled The Geography of Thought has generated considerable scientific interest relative to the social as well as cognitive processes that underlie information processing and assimilation. The encapsulation of Nisbett’s body of research is best summarized as how people process information directly impacts what they think. Furthermore, the application of social psychology research pertaining to ontological impact upon argument and reasoning analysis is lacking in the hospitality literature. Testing Nisbett’s premise using hospitality and tourism students in China, Korea, Colombia, and the United States discovered a presence of geographical differences in information processing (decoding) of argument and reasoning statements although within group variances in information analysis was also detected. The implication is that a deeper understanding of how cognitive, sociocultural, individual, situational factors influence decision making is needed in hospitality and tourism.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88386309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16345418234029
Alana Dillette
This auto-ethnography, grounded in my experiences as a biracial, bicultural black woman, is written as an exploration of how identity formation is impacted through travel. It considers my lived experiences with Du Bois’ double consciousness in a traditionally hegemonic society. Using Poston’s (1990) biracial identity development model as a framework for my inquiry, I examine a roots tourism trip to Ghana as a reflection of my lived experiences to demonstrate how the utilization of auto-ethnography as a critical method of inquiry can provide important insights into the intersectionality between roots tourism and identity. Results from this study suggest that exposure to roots travel can be the catalyst for personal internal and external reflection on one’s patterns of behavior and thought about their identity.
{"title":"EXPLORING BIRACIAL IDENTITY THROUGH ROOTS TRAVEL FOR AFRICAN DIASPORAS","authors":"Alana Dillette","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16345418234029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16345418234029","url":null,"abstract":"This auto-ethnography, grounded in my experiences as a biracial, bicultural black woman, is written as an exploration of how identity formation is impacted through travel. It considers my lived experiences with Du Bois’ double consciousness in a traditionally hegemonic society. Using Poston’s (1990) biracial identity development model as a framework for my inquiry, I examine a roots tourism trip to Ghana as a reflection of my lived experiences to demonstrate how the utilization of auto-ethnography as a critical method of inquiry can provide important insights into the intersectionality between roots tourism and identity. Results from this study suggest that exposure to roots travel can be the catalyst for personal internal and external reflection on one’s patterns of behavior and thought about their identity.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91035161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16257465701936
To be successful in tourism, destinations must ensure their competitive advantages in national and global markets. While destination competitiveness is a relatively better studied theme in tourism literature, much of the research into it largely focused on conceptualizing destinations at national, regional and local self-contained attraction levels. This study presents an assessment of tourism competitiveness in a tourist route context by examining selected destinations in the Southern Ethiopian Route as a study context. Its objectives were to evaluate the factors that determine destination competitiveness of the route from tour operators’ perspective. Data were collected through structured questionnaire from a comprehensive sample of 117 tour operators. The data, analyzed using hierarchical regression, showed that destination resources, infrastructure and support services, and human related factors were the major determinants of Southern Ethiopian Route’s destination competitiveness. However, situational conditions did not predict the route’s competitiveness in a statistically significant way. The study contributes a conceptual insight to destination competitiveness literature through its examination of tourist routes in the African context from industry practitioners’ perspective. It also offers implications for tourism administrators and marketers in the route to step up efforts to enhance the route’s competitiveness as a destination.
{"title":"DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS IN A TOURIST ROUTE CONTEXT: TOUR OPERATORS’ PERSPECTIVE","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16257465701936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16257465701936","url":null,"abstract":"To be successful in tourism, destinations must ensure their competitive advantages in national and global markets. While destination competitiveness is a relatively better studied theme in tourism literature, much of the research into it largely focused on conceptualizing destinations at national, regional and local self-contained attraction levels. This study presents an assessment of tourism competitiveness in a tourist route context by examining selected destinations in the Southern Ethiopian Route as a study context. Its objectives were to evaluate the factors that determine destination competitiveness of the route from tour operators’ perspective. Data were collected through structured questionnaire from a comprehensive sample of 117 tour operators. The data, analyzed using hierarchical regression, showed that destination resources, infrastructure and support services, and human related factors were the major determinants of Southern Ethiopian Route’s destination competitiveness. However, situational conditions did not predict the route’s competitiveness in a statistically significant way. The study contributes a conceptual insight to destination competitiveness literature through its examination of tourist routes in the African context from industry practitioners’ perspective. It also offers implications for tourism administrators and marketers in the route to step up efforts to enhance the route’s competitiveness as a destination.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74395249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16345418234001
M. Nielsen, K. Zethsen
Hotel bookings are increasingly made online, and many travellers rely on eWOM in the form of peer hotel reviews. These reviews potentially contain information of great relevance to the tourism industry and offer a unique and ever-expanding corpus of unsolicited data. If this data is investigated systematically, it may provide insights that would enable hotel managers to be proactive in their marketing. The present study focuses on the under-researched area of the potential impact of nationality on the reviews. Using a corpus of authentic American and German hotel reviews and the qualitative, phenomenologically-inspired method of Systematic Text Condensation, this study investigates the impact of national culture on review comments in order to establish whether nationality makes a difference for the themes and attitudes expressed. The data indicate that Americans are more likely to focus on old-world charm, romance, physical comfort, personal service/relations and problem-solving than Germans are. The overall results of this qualitative study allow us to conclude that there are indeed differences between the German and the American reviews to a degree that is worth pursuing in future mixed-methods research and that may have practice implications for hotel managers.
{"title":"“THE ROOM WAS QUITE SMALL BY AMERICAN STANDARDS” – ARE ONLINE HOTEL REVIEWS CULTURE-SPECIFIC?","authors":"M. Nielsen, K. Zethsen","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16345418234001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16345418234001","url":null,"abstract":"Hotel bookings are increasingly made online, and many travellers rely on eWOM in the form of peer hotel reviews. These reviews potentially contain information of great relevance to the tourism industry and offer a unique and ever-expanding corpus of unsolicited data. If this data is investigated systematically, it may provide insights that would enable hotel managers to be proactive in their marketing. The present study focuses on the under-researched area of the potential impact of nationality on the reviews. Using a corpus of authentic American and German hotel reviews and the qualitative, phenomenologically-inspired method of Systematic Text Condensation, this study investigates the impact of national culture on review comments in order to establish whether nationality makes a difference for the themes and attitudes expressed. The data indicate that Americans are more likely to focus on old-world charm, romance, physical comfort, personal service/relations and problem-solving than Germans are. The overall results of this qualitative study allow us to conclude that there are indeed differences between the German and the American reviews to a degree that is worth pursuing in future mixed-methods research and that may have practice implications for hotel managers.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83749352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16296375579570
The success of tourism encounters can be aided by devising cross-cultural strategies so that conscious feelings (emotions) and subtle impressions (affects) of locals are communicated effectively to tourists. This article investigates how post-disaster tourism narratives, practices, and landmarks can be used to ‘attune’ the feelings of culturally different groups. After the Triple Disaster of 2011 in the Tōhoku region of Japan, the recovering communities have used tours as a way to support the local economy, confront their loss and overcome trauma. As global attention moves to new disasters, communities feel the need to attract more visitors and create new jobs for the locals. However, this has proven difficult: differences in expressing emotional responses caused tensions and dissatisfaction amongst locals and internationals, as locals feel misunderstood and tourists do not see their expectations met. This hinders the tourist encounter, which is seen by some of the communities as crucial, as they feel that ‘being able to tell their stories’ and ‘being remembered’ is a central tenet of the recovery process. In the case of Japan, we argue, affect can constitute an appropriate means to negotiate meaning and memory between Japanese and internationals. Affective elements are often overlooked by academics, as they are considered volatile and unstructured. There is no research that utilizes geographical and interdisciplinary theories of affect to gain an in-depth understanding in the ways to communicate heritage and memory cross-culturally in disaster sites, as well as rigorous and appropriate approaches to affective methods. Affect can benefit both locals and visitors, as it bridges understandings of the delicate and complex issues pertaining to disaster memory and heritage, and may lead to more socio-culturally and politically sustainable approaches to planning, development and management of tourism.
{"title":"CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION THROUGH AFFECT: THE POTENTIAL FOR POST-DISASTER TOURISM IN JAPAN","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16296375579570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16296375579570","url":null,"abstract":"The success of tourism encounters can be aided by devising cross-cultural strategies so that conscious feelings (emotions) and subtle impressions (affects) of locals are communicated effectively to tourists. This article investigates how post-disaster tourism narratives, practices, and landmarks can be used to ‘attune’ the feelings of culturally different groups. After the Triple Disaster of 2011 in the Tōhoku region of Japan, the recovering communities have used tours as a way to support the local economy, confront their loss and overcome trauma. As global attention moves to new disasters, communities feel the need to attract more visitors and create new jobs for the locals. However, this has proven difficult: differences in expressing emotional responses caused tensions and dissatisfaction amongst locals and internationals, as locals feel misunderstood and tourists do not see their expectations met. This hinders the tourist encounter, which is seen by some of the communities as crucial, as they feel that ‘being able to tell their stories’ and ‘being remembered’ is a central tenet of the recovery process. In the case of Japan, we argue, affect can constitute an appropriate means to negotiate meaning and memory between Japanese and internationals. Affective elements are often overlooked by academics, as they are considered volatile and unstructured. There is no research that utilizes geographical and interdisciplinary theories of affect to gain an in-depth understanding in the ways to communicate heritage and memory cross-culturally in disaster sites, as well as rigorous and appropriate approaches to affective methods. Affect can benefit both locals and visitors, as it bridges understandings of the delicate and complex issues pertaining to disaster memory and heritage, and may lead to more socio-culturally and politically sustainable approaches to planning, development and management of tourism.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88753018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16191799471999
{"title":"CHINESE WORKING HOLIDAYMAKERS IN NEW ZEALAND: ADAPTATION TO WORK CULTURE","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16191799471999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16191799471999","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p> </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88951619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3727/109830421x16262461231800
As a typical cultural concept being deeply rooted in Chinese society, “face” regulates many social behaviors in China. However, research on the social aspect of “face” is limited in tourism studies. This study applies an extended TPB model incorporating face gaining for examining millennials’ outbound travel intention from mainland China. By analyzing data from 350 Chinese millennial tourists, we find that face gaining has an indirect impact on outbound travel intention through attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Based on the findings, the research provides some insights regarding “face gaining” in travel behavior, and destination marketing on Chinese millennials.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF FACE GAINING ON MILLENNIALS’ OUTBOUND TRAVEL INTENTION IN MAINLAND CHINA","authors":"","doi":"10.3727/109830421x16262461231800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3727/109830421x16262461231800","url":null,"abstract":"As a typical cultural concept being deeply rooted in Chinese society, “face” regulates many social behaviors in China. However, research on the social aspect of “face” is limited in tourism studies. This study applies an extended TPB model incorporating face gaining for examining millennials’ outbound travel intention from mainland China. By analyzing data from 350 Chinese millennial tourists, we find that face gaining has an indirect impact on outbound travel intention through attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Based on the findings, the research provides some insights regarding “face gaining” in travel behavior, and destination marketing on Chinese millennials.","PeriodicalId":41836,"journal":{"name":"TOURISM CULTURE & COMMUNICATION","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84271412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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