{"title":"Psychological aspects of child development of importance for judicial proceedings","authors":"Ivana Milosavljevic-Djukic, Bojana Tankosic","doi":"10.2298/TEM1801023M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1801023M","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"21 1","pages":"23-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68850314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Defined extensively as committing ecological criminal offences with the intention to achieve political goals, environmental terrorism is a global threat to environment, human life, safety and health, as well as to the survival of flora and fauna. Environmental terrorism contains the elements of environmental crime and the elements of terrorism, which makes the position of its victims particularly complex. The subject of this paper includes defining environmental terrorism, analysing its phenomenology. Since this form of crime simultaneously harms and endangers environment, material goods, human life, safety and health, flora and fauna, the subject also comprises the study of the specific position of its victims. It is emphasised that longlasting and extensive consequences of ecological criminal offences make it difficult to determine promptly the victims of this form of crime, as well as that its victims are victimised twice: due to terrorist attack and due to negative consequences of ecological criminal offences (such as severe health damage) often emerging after several years. The subject covers the analysis of current international legal mechanisms for the prevention and protection of environmental terrorism victims’ rights, including those dealing with terrorism in general as well as those relevant to the protection of environment from negative anthropogenic factors. Finally, the subject contains a critical analysis of legislative framework of the Republic of Serbia pertinent to the prevention and sanctioning of environmental terrorism, with focus on the provisions of current Criminal Code prescribing ecological criminal offences and terrorism. In order to achieve more precise tracking of the scope and dynamics of environmental terrorism and more adequate sanctioning compatible with its social hazard, the authors propose its incrimination as an independent criminal offence against humanity and other values protected by the international law. The purpose of this paper is to define environmental terrorism, analyse its forms and to examine current mechanisms for the prevention of victimisation from environmental terrorism and the protection of its victims’ rights on international and national level. Moreover, the authors seek to contribute to the improvement of the quality of tracking and to the efficiency of prevention of victimization from environmental terrorism in Serbia by suggesting its incrimination as an independent criminal offence.
{"title":"Environmental terrorism - victimological aspects and preventive mechanisms","authors":"A. Batričević, N. Paunović","doi":"10.2298/TEM1801067B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1801067B","url":null,"abstract":"Defined extensively as committing ecological criminal offences with the intention to achieve political goals, environmental terrorism is a global threat to environment, human life, safety and health, as well as to the survival of flora and fauna. Environmental terrorism contains the elements of environmental crime and the elements of terrorism, which makes the position of its victims particularly complex. The subject of this paper includes defining environmental terrorism, analysing its phenomenology. Since this form of crime simultaneously harms and endangers environment, material goods, human life, safety and health, flora and fauna, the subject also comprises the study of the specific position of its victims. It is emphasised that longlasting and extensive consequences of ecological criminal offences make it difficult to determine promptly the victims of this form of crime, as well as that its victims are victimised twice: due to terrorist attack and due to negative consequences of ecological criminal offences (such as severe health damage) often emerging after several years. The subject covers the analysis of current international legal mechanisms for the prevention and protection of environmental terrorism victims’ rights, including those dealing with terrorism in general as well as those relevant to the protection of environment from negative anthropogenic factors. Finally, the subject contains a critical analysis of legislative framework of the Republic of Serbia pertinent to the prevention and sanctioning of environmental terrorism, with focus on the provisions of current Criminal Code prescribing ecological criminal offences and terrorism. In order to achieve more precise tracking of the scope and dynamics of environmental terrorism and more adequate sanctioning compatible with its social hazard, the authors propose its incrimination as an independent criminal offence against humanity and other values protected by the international law. The purpose of this paper is to define environmental terrorism, analyse its forms and to examine current mechanisms for the prevention of victimisation from environmental terrorism and the protection of its victims’ rights on international and national level. Moreover, the authors seek to contribute to the improvement of the quality of tracking and to the efficiency of prevention of victimization from environmental terrorism in Serbia by suggesting its incrimination as an independent criminal offence.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"21 1","pages":"67-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68850585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bullying in the form of verbal, physical and social harassment is an integral problem for all societies. With the development of information and communication technology, cyberbullying of children as a new type of bullying increasingly attracts the attention of scholars. Bearing in mind that cyberbullying of children is the subject of this paper, various theoretical approaches, defining this phenomenon, are analyzed. Furthermore, special attention is paid to existing international, European and national legal framework in the context of cyberbullying of children. Finally, starting from the phenomenological forms of cyberbullying of children, the focus is on the challenges of providing victim support. In concluding remarks, it is stated that the lack of a single understanding of cyberbullying of children is a consequence of the absence of a comprehensive legally binding document devoted to this problem. The main goal of the article is to raise awareness about the need to adopt a comprehensive legally binding document devoted to cyberbullying of children in order to protect the rights of victims in cyberspace.
{"title":"Cyberbullying of children: Challenges of victim support","authors":"N. Paunović","doi":"10.2298/TEM1802249P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1802249P","url":null,"abstract":"Bullying in the form of verbal, physical and social harassment is an integral problem for all societies. With the development of information and communication technology, cyberbullying of children as a new type of bullying increasingly attracts the attention of scholars. Bearing in mind that cyberbullying of children is the subject of this paper, various theoretical approaches, defining this phenomenon, are analyzed. Furthermore, special attention is paid to existing international, European and national legal framework in the context of cyberbullying of children. Finally, starting from the phenomenological forms of cyberbullying of children, the focus is on the challenges of providing victim support. In concluding remarks, it is stated that the lack of a single understanding of cyberbullying of children is a consequence of the absence of a comprehensive legally binding document devoted to this problem. The main goal of the article is to raise awareness about the need to adopt a comprehensive legally binding document devoted to cyberbullying of children in order to protect the rights of victims in cyberspace.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"21 1","pages":"249-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68850434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines the role of a public prosecutor in the protection of domestic violence victims in the legal system of the Republic of Serbia. Prior to the analysis of relevant provisions of the laws referring to the authority and competences of the public prosecutor in relation to the protection of domestic violence victims, the term ’victim’ in the legal system of Serbia is defined. The term ‚victim‘ is commonly used in the legal texts, but it is not defined; thus, it is necessary to specify certain aspects of this term. In the analysis of certain legal provisions, the focus is on some of the most significant criminal, misdemeanor and family law institutes, as well as on the provisions of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence, which could affect the role of the public prosecutor in prevention of domestic violence and protection of its victims. In the final part the authors propose certain solutions which should enhance implementation of existing mechanisms available to the public prosecutor in practice, which could contribute to better protection of domestic violence victims.
{"title":"Public prosecutor as the agency of protection of domestic violence victims in the legal system of Serbia","authors":"Gorjana Mircic-Calukovic, Emir A. Ćorović","doi":"10.2298/TEM1802293M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1802293M","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of a public prosecutor in the protection of domestic violence victims in the legal system of the Republic of Serbia. Prior to the analysis of relevant provisions of the laws referring to the authority and competences of the public prosecutor in relation to the protection of domestic violence victims, the term ’victim’ in the legal system of Serbia is defined. The term ‚victim‘ is commonly used in the legal texts, but it is not defined; thus, it is necessary to specify certain aspects of this term. In the analysis of certain legal provisions, the focus is on some of the most significant criminal, misdemeanor and family law institutes, as well as on the provisions of the Law on the Prevention of Domestic Violence, which could affect the role of the public prosecutor in prevention of domestic violence and protection of its victims. In the final part the authors propose certain solutions which should enhance implementation of existing mechanisms available to the public prosecutor in practice, which could contribute to better protection of domestic violence victims.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"21 1","pages":"293-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68850953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the field of contemporary study of victims in most developing countries worldwide, the reporting of personal victimization has received more attention by scholars than business victimization. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the influence of business crimes reporting practices among traders on the development of the Alaba International Market, the traders and national economy. The study was conducted between October 3 and 8, 2015, in Lagos, Nigeria. It collected quantitative data from 245 respondents that were randomly selected from traders at the market. These were complemented by qualitative data collected through In-depth Interviews and Focus Group Discussions with purposively selected participants. The data were analyzed. The quantitative data found that 82.1% of the respondents attributed the victimization of small businesses to organized crimes by youth. The qualitative data indicated that the Alaba Market investors will reduce the unemployment rate in Lagos if the government stop frustrating the traders with the tax burden. The study concluded that business crimes prevent economic development. It suggests partnership among stakeholders for the provision of closed-circuit television cameras to prevent business violence and induce economic development at Alaba International Market.
{"title":"Crime reporting practices among traders at Alaba International Market, Lagos","authors":"J. Ayodele","doi":"10.2298/TEM1801131A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1801131A","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of contemporary study of victims in most developing countries worldwide, the reporting of personal victimization has received more attention by scholars than business victimization. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the influence of business crimes reporting practices among traders on the development of the Alaba International Market, the traders and national economy. The study was conducted between October 3 and 8, 2015, in Lagos, Nigeria. It collected quantitative data from 245 respondents that were randomly selected from traders at the market. These were complemented by qualitative data collected through In-depth Interviews and Focus Group Discussions with purposively selected participants. The data were analyzed. The quantitative data found that 82.1% of the respondents attributed the victimization of small businesses to organized crimes by youth. The qualitative data indicated that the Alaba Market investors will reduce the unemployment rate in Lagos if the government stop frustrating the traders with the tax burden. The study concluded that business crimes prevent economic development. It suggests partnership among stakeholders for the provision of closed-circuit television cameras to prevent business violence and induce economic development at Alaba International Market.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"21 1","pages":"131-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68850679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk factors associated with violence against elderly in a family setting","authors":"Katarina Risović, Silvia Rusac, N. Todorovic","doi":"10.2298/tem1803363r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem1803363r","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"21 1","pages":"363-383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68851200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discourse analysis of gender equality and non-discrimination laws and strategies","authors":"Z. Antonijevic, Kosana Beker","doi":"10.2298/TEM1701095A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1701095A","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"20 1","pages":"95-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses gendered conceptions of vulnerability at play in destination states’ formulation and implementation of return policies. Based on qualitative interviews in Norway with asylum reception centre personnel, social workers who work with irregular migrants, and asylum seekers whose asylum applications have been rejected, this article argues that some forms of vulnerability are more easily recognized by authorities, frontline personnel and migrants themselves. Conceptual blind spots have consequences for access to assistance and protection, and may exacerbate vulnerabilities. While return and reintegration programmes offer particular benefits for returnees considered ‘vulnerable’, research by the authors has found an unwillingness to apply this label beyond female victims of human trafficking for the purpose of prostitution. The reasons for this, this article argues, are both institutional and cultural.
{"title":"Gendered vulnerability and return migration","authors":"Erlend Paasche, May-Len Skilbrei","doi":"10.2298/TEM1702149P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1702149P","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses gendered conceptions of vulnerability at play in destination states’ formulation and implementation of return policies. Based on qualitative interviews in Norway with asylum reception centre personnel, social workers who work with irregular migrants, and asylum seekers whose asylum applications have been rejected, this article argues that some forms of vulnerability are more easily recognized by authorities, frontline personnel and migrants themselves. Conceptual blind spots have consequences for access to assistance and protection, and may exacerbate vulnerabilities. While return and reintegration programmes offer particular benefits for returnees considered ‘vulnerable’, research by the authors has found an unwillingness to apply this label beyond female victims of human trafficking for the purpose of prostitution. The reasons for this, this article argues, are both institutional and cultural.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"20 1","pages":"149-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many Africans confront and deal with very trying situations in their countries that are very different from the comforts enjoyed in developed parts of the world. Labeled as a ‘traumatized continent’ (Norridge, 2013: 64), many Africans motivated by the basic human necessities for food and safety flee their countries, seeking refuge in South Africa. The large influx of refugees has given rise to invalid concerns from the government and the ‘champions’ of their interest (Mauss, 1975: 10), the media. These concerns have spurred changes in the practice of the asylum system which are aimed at targeting refugees, rather than improving their situation, increasing the vulnerability of persons already fleeing persecution: the refugees, the victims. The aim of this paper is to analyze the problem from a victimological stand point, and draw attention to the issue that more research needs to be conducted with victims to improve our understanding of the impacts these practices have.
{"title":"Seeking refuge in South Africa: The victimization of vulnerable persons","authors":"Chadley James","doi":"10.2298/tem1702167j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem1702167j","url":null,"abstract":"Many Africans confront and deal with very trying situations in their countries that are very different from the comforts enjoyed in developed parts of the world. Labeled as a ‘traumatized continent’ (Norridge, 2013: 64), many Africans motivated by the basic human necessities for food and safety flee their countries, seeking refuge in South Africa. The large influx of refugees has given rise to invalid concerns from the government and the ‘champions’ of their interest (Mauss, 1975: 10), the media. These concerns have spurred changes in the practice of the asylum system which are aimed at targeting refugees, rather than improving their situation, increasing the vulnerability of persons already fleeing persecution: the refugees, the victims. The aim of this paper is to analyze the problem from a victimological stand point, and draw attention to the issue that more research needs to be conducted with victims to improve our understanding of the impacts these practices have.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"20 1","pages":"167-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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