This article discusses how professionally unethical practices by journalists during collection and dissemination of crime incident information in Africa, could exacerbate harm to victims of terrorist attacks. The views expressed the outcome of a deskbased study on crime reporting in Africa. Writing through the lens of ‘vulnerability’ from a nonwestern context, this article highlights double standards applied by some foreign and international press, who observe stipulated ethical reporting standards “at home” thereby avoiding further harm to crime victims, while disregarding these guidelines, or applying them selectively “abroad”. Reports on the Westgate Mall 21/9/2017 terrorist attack in Nairobi are used to illustrate the potential of ‘jigsaw puzzle effect’ in leading to additional victimisation by making victims identifiable, compromising their safety and psychological wellbeing while portraying disrespect for human dignity. The author advocates responsible journalism as a reflection of the duty of care for victims’ welfare and encourages further discussion on ethical considerations in professional crime reporting.
{"title":"The media: Minimizing re-victimisation through duty of care for victims and responsible journalism","authors":"Sarah Simons","doi":"10.2298/TEM1703377S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1703377S","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses how professionally unethical practices by journalists during collection and dissemination of crime incident information in Africa, could exacerbate harm to victims of terrorist attacks. The views expressed the outcome of a deskbased study on crime reporting in Africa. Writing through the lens of ‘vulnerability’ from a nonwestern context, this article highlights double standards applied by some foreign and international press, who observe stipulated ethical reporting standards “at home” thereby avoiding further harm to crime victims, while disregarding these guidelines, or applying them selectively “abroad”. Reports on the Westgate Mall 21/9/2017 terrorist attack in Nairobi are used to illustrate the potential of ‘jigsaw puzzle effect’ in leading to additional victimisation by making victims identifiable, compromising their safety and psychological wellbeing while portraying disrespect for human dignity. The author advocates responsible journalism as a reflection of the duty of care for victims’ welfare and encourages further discussion on ethical considerations in professional crime reporting.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"20 1","pages":"377-394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Female genital mutilation has been drawing international attention for the last couple of decades, but this phenomenon is almost unknown in Serbia. In this work we will point to its basic forms and its presence in the world as well as to the variety of consequences, especially those which are the most common causes of death. With this purpose in mind, the work represents the a review of theoretical debates and empirical studies, based on which relevant data may be gathered, related to the previously mentioned subject of the work. Female genital mutilation is a phenomenon mostly in Africa, but due to migrations has become a problem thoughout the whole world. Traditional and cultural norms of strict patriarchal societies along with deeply rooted inequality of genders have contributed to the maintenance of this custom up till today. This custom includes a sequence of different procedures which are used to injure female genitals even though there are no medical reasons for such acts. They are conducted by older women in insanitary conditions and by means such as scissors, razors or glass which bring numerous consequences which can result in death. Females subdued to infibulation are at greater risk of death, although each of the forms of mutilation may have this consequence. Female genital mutilation represents violence against women due to its inevitable physical consequences and its harmful effect on health. Girls and women are subdued to the procedure which in some cases results in death, for the purpose of the community acceptance, most of all the acceptance of the future husband. Namely, women are elligible for marriage only if they are virgins, which is achieved by genital mutilation, according to the opinion of the community in which this tradition is preserved. Beside that, marriage is of high importance for the economic stability of a woman, considering the fact that all the economic power is held by men. Genital mutilation has the purpose of keeping a woman in subordinate position through repression of her sexuality and taking over the control of women’s bodies, which reflects gender inequality. Therefore, every case of female genital mutilation which results in death cannot be regarded as a part of a tradition and cultural heritage, but as one of the forms of femicide.
{"title":"Female genital mutilation - from tradition to femicide","authors":"J. Rakić","doi":"10.2298/TEM1702241R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1702241R","url":null,"abstract":"Female genital mutilation has been drawing international attention for the last couple of decades, but this phenomenon is almost unknown in Serbia. In this work we will point to its basic forms and its presence in the world as well as to the variety of consequences, especially those which are the most common causes of death. With this purpose in mind, the work represents the a review of theoretical debates and empirical studies, based on which relevant data may be gathered, related to the previously mentioned subject of the work. Female genital mutilation is a phenomenon mostly in Africa, but due to migrations has become a problem thoughout the whole world. Traditional and cultural norms of strict patriarchal societies along with deeply rooted inequality of genders have contributed to the maintenance of this custom up till today. This custom includes a sequence of different procedures which are used to injure female genitals even though there are no medical reasons for such acts. They are conducted by older women in insanitary conditions and by means such as scissors, razors or glass which bring numerous consequences which can result in death. Females subdued to infibulation are at greater risk of death, although each of the forms of mutilation may have this consequence. Female genital mutilation represents violence against women due to its inevitable physical consequences and its harmful effect on health. Girls and women are subdued to the procedure which in some cases results in death, for the purpose of the community acceptance, most of all the acceptance of the future husband. Namely, women are elligible for marriage only if they are virgins, which is achieved by genital mutilation, according to the opinion of the community in which this tradition is preserved. Beside that, marriage is of high importance for the economic stability of a woman, considering the fact that all the economic power is held by men. Genital mutilation has the purpose of keeping a woman in subordinate position through repression of her sexuality and taking over the control of women’s bodies, which reflects gender inequality. Therefore, every case of female genital mutilation which results in death cannot be regarded as a part of a tradition and cultural heritage, but as one of the forms of femicide.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"20 1","pages":"241-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Victimization as a strategy of the artistic representation of the past: The case of the NATO bombing of the FRY","authors":"Nina Mihaljinac","doi":"10.2298/TEM1703339M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1703339M","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"20 1","pages":"339-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68850216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Normative framework of media reporting on victims of crime in the Republic of Serbia","authors":"Jelena Jemuovic","doi":"10.2298/tem1703395j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem1703395j","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"704 1","pages":"395-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the VDS info and victim support service’s work in the period 2013-2015","authors":"B. Saciri, J. Nikolic","doi":"10.2298/TEM1702269S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1702269S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"20 1","pages":"269-290"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68850014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Milosavljevic-Djukic, Bojana Tankosic, J. Petkovic, Marija Marković
Republic of Serbia has invested maximum efforts in adjusting national legislation with the international legal framework, as well in fulfilling its obligations foreseen in relevant international documents, including the Child Rights Convention. The purpose of this paper is to present Units for the Protection of Child Victims and Witnesses in the Criminal Proceedings that were developed within the IPA project “Improvement of Children's Right through the System of Justice and Social Protection in Serbia”, funded by the EU, and implemented by the UNCEF in cooperation with the Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Labour, Employment, Veteran and Social Policy of the Republic of Serbia. The project was implemented from August 2014 to March 2017. The purpose of the Units is to ensure the best interest of children in situation when a child is identified as a victim or a witness of a crime and appears in the criminal or other court procedure. In this way, the state protects children who are important and infallible part of judicial proceedings from secondary victimization and traumatisation, given that the processes within institutions inevitably reflect on mental state of a child. Units were established in four cities: Belgrade, Nis, Novi Sad, and Kragujevac, and they operate at the regional level. This enables that all children, even those in rural areas, will be provided with adequate assistance and support during preparations for the hearing, during criminal proceedings, as well as in its aftermath. The role of the Units is multiple: along with the support to children, it also includes support to the judiciary agencies since the hearing may be performed with a help of professional personnel, psychologist, pedagogue or social worker. Since the members of the Units are trained for conducting forensic interviews according to the Protocol of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, their involvement by the judiciary becomes even more frequent. They try to avoid possible harmful effects of proceedings on children's health, their personality, growth and development. This paper particularly focuses on the legal position and protection of children as suggested by the international legal framework, and relevant legislation in Serbia, which present the basis for establishing the Units. Additionally, the paper pays special attention to psychological aspects of children's development and their position in the judicial proceedings. The so far results of the Units’ work has shown that 103 children have been given support in judicial proceedings, 23 children have been given the status of a particularly vulnerable witness, 108 info-sessions have been organized for professionals in judiciary and the social welfare system in order to introduce the Units and enable them to use services that Units provide. The results also suggest that predictability reduces the feeling of u
{"title":"Units for the protection of child victims and witnesses in the criminal proceedings: Domestic legislation and practice","authors":"Ivana Milosavljevic-Djukic, Bojana Tankosic, J. Petkovic, Marija Marković","doi":"10.2298/TEM1701045D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1701045D","url":null,"abstract":"Republic of Serbia has invested maximum efforts in adjusting national legislation with the international legal framework, as well in fulfilling its obligations foreseen in relevant international documents, including the Child Rights Convention. The purpose of this paper is to present Units for the Protection of Child Victims and Witnesses in the Criminal Proceedings that were developed within the IPA project “Improvement of Children's Right through the System of Justice and Social Protection in Serbia”, funded by the EU, and implemented by the UNCEF in cooperation with the Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Labour, Employment, Veteran and Social Policy of the Republic of Serbia. The project was implemented from August 2014 to March 2017. The purpose of the Units is to ensure the best interest of children in situation when a child is identified as a victim or a witness of a crime and appears in the criminal or other court procedure. In this way, the state protects children who are important and infallible part of judicial proceedings from secondary victimization and traumatisation, given that the processes within institutions inevitably reflect on mental state of a child. Units were established in four cities: Belgrade, Nis, Novi Sad, and Kragujevac, and they operate at the regional level. This enables that all children, even those in rural areas, will be provided with adequate assistance and support during preparations for the hearing, during criminal proceedings, as well as in its aftermath. The role of the Units is multiple: along with the support to children, it also includes support to the judiciary agencies since the hearing may be performed with a help of professional personnel, psychologist, pedagogue or social worker. Since the members of the Units are trained for conducting forensic interviews according to the Protocol of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, their involvement by the judiciary becomes even more frequent. They try to avoid possible harmful effects of proceedings on children's health, their personality, growth and development. This paper particularly focuses on the legal position and protection of children as suggested by the international legal framework, and relevant legislation in Serbia, which present the basis for establishing the Units. Additionally, the paper pays special attention to psychological aspects of children's development and their position in the judicial proceedings. The so far results of the Units’ work has shown that 103 children have been given support in judicial proceedings, 23 children have been given the status of a particularly vulnerable witness, 108 info-sessions have been organized for professionals in judiciary and the social welfare system in order to introduce the Units and enable them to use services that Units provide. The results also suggest that predictability reduces the feeling of u","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"20 1","pages":"45-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Femicide in partnership relations","authors":"Danijela Spasić, D. Kolarević, Z. Luković","doi":"10.2298/TEM1703411S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1703411S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"20 1","pages":"411-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advent of internet and digital communication technology, online crimes targeting celebrities have gained a momentum. This article argues that, among the celebrities, actresses of Hollywood and Bollywood are particularly targeted online mainly because of their sex appeal and easy availability of contents including their images, video clippings, their private geo-location information, etc. The perpetrators are mostly fans who may wish to view the actresses as sex symbols. This article suggests that production houses should take primary responsibilities to prevent such victimisation and the actors themselves may avail legal policies such as right to be forgotten to approach the internet companies including search engines like Google to prevent victimisation and remove the offensive contents.
{"title":"Celebrities and cyber crimes: An analysis of the victimization of female film stars on the internet","authors":"D. Halder, K. Jaishankar","doi":"10.2298/TEM1604355H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1604355H","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of internet and digital communication technology, online crimes targeting celebrities have gained a momentum. This article argues that, among the celebrities, actresses of Hollywood and Bollywood are particularly targeted online mainly because of their sex appeal and easy availability of contents including their images, video clippings, their private geo-location information, etc. The perpetrators are mostly fans who may wish to view the actresses as sex symbols. This article suggests that production houses should take primary responsibilities to prevent such victimisation and the actors themselves may avail legal policies such as right to be forgotten to approach the internet companies including search engines like Google to prevent victimisation and remove the offensive contents.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"19 1","pages":"355-372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyzes the results of the research on the attitudes of the public order and traffic police officers in seven regional police departments in Serbia - Belgrade, Novi Sad, Subotica, Novi Sad, Nis, Kragujevac and Zajecar. The subject of the research is the analysis of the police attitudes on discrimination, recognition of its essence, the scope of vulnerability of particular social groups and recognition of the hate speech. Also, the subject of the research is: determination of relationship with measures which should improve the position of vulnerable groups and the relationship with the institutions in terms of their responsibility for the appearance of discrimination and its impact on the reduction, then the personal experience of discrimination and analysis of attitudes regarding certain claims of stereotypical character. The results of this research are given in the comparative analysis with the results of the research on the attitudes of members of the criminal police conducted in 2014, so we have indication of perception of discrimination by the police in all three key operating police areas. In regard to some issues, a comparative analysis of the results from the survey of citizens’ attitudes towards discrimination conducted in 2013 by CESID is provided. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije: Kriminalitet u Srbiji i instrumenti državne reakcije]
{"title":"Perception of police on discrimination in Serbia - results of the survey on the attitudes of public order and traffic police officers","authors":"R. Zekavica","doi":"10.2298/tem1601135z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/tem1601135z","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the results of the research on the attitudes of the public order and traffic police officers in seven regional police departments in Serbia - Belgrade, Novi Sad, Subotica, Novi Sad, Nis, Kragujevac and Zajecar. The subject of the research is the analysis of the police attitudes on discrimination, recognition of its essence, the scope of vulnerability of particular social groups and recognition of the hate speech. Also, the subject of the research is: determination of relationship with measures which should improve the position of vulnerable groups and the relationship with the institutions in terms of their responsibility for the appearance of discrimination and its impact on the reduction, then the personal experience of discrimination and analysis of attitudes regarding certain claims of stereotypical character. The results of this research are given in the comparative analysis with the results of the research on the attitudes of members of the criminal police conducted in 2014, so we have indication of perception of discrimination by the police in all three key operating police areas. In regard to some issues, a comparative analysis of the results from the survey of citizens’ attitudes towards discrimination conducted in 2013 by CESID is provided. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije: Kriminalitet u Srbiji i instrumenti državne reakcije]","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"19 1","pages":"135-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68848879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Media is the main source of information about crime and the way it is displayed determines the position and public perception of this phenomenon. In addition to showing the commission of crime and its state, media are obliged to cover not only the activities of the criminal justice system within the framework of formal social control, but even more, the activities of civil society organizations and the Ombudsman as part of informal social control in combatting agaist crime. Because of the perception of their action, the questions that arise are: How the media understands the civil society and its role, how they transmit their public discourse, what they choose to publish, whom they protect, whom they marginalise and what message they send to the public? An analysis of these issues along with an analysis of current offenses is of particular importance in order to determine whether the media give a true or distorted picture of crime. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to present results of the survey of media coverage of violent crime in the Republic of Macedonia.
{"title":"Media coverage of the violent crime in the Republic of Macedonia","authors":"V. Stefanovska","doi":"10.2298/TEM1601041S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/TEM1601041S","url":null,"abstract":"Media is the main source of information about crime and the way it is displayed determines the position and public perception of this phenomenon. In addition to showing the commission of crime and its state, media are obliged to cover not only the activities of the criminal justice system within the framework of formal social control, but even more, the activities of civil society organizations and the Ombudsman as part of informal social control in combatting agaist crime. Because of the perception of their action, the questions that arise are: How the media understands the civil society and its role, how they transmit their public discourse, what they choose to publish, whom they protect, whom they marginalise and what message they send to the public? An analysis of these issues along with an analysis of current offenses is of particular importance in order to determine whether the media give a true or distorted picture of crime. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to present results of the survey of media coverage of violent crime in the Republic of Macedonia.","PeriodicalId":41858,"journal":{"name":"Temida","volume":"19 1","pages":"41-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68849172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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