Introduction: There are few studies of diagnostic endoscopy indications in children, despite the fact that it is a commonly performed procedure. The aim of the present study was to determine the relation between indications for upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) endoscopy and endoscopic and histopathologic findings in children in an effort to minimize unnecessary procedures. Materials and Methods: The hospital files of 501 children and adolescents 1-18 years of age who underwent diagnostic upper GIS endoscopy examinations between June 2017 and June 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The mean age of the 501 patients was 14.5±3.1 years and 311 (62.0%) were female. The most common indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were epigastric pain (38.7%) and abdominal pain (29.3%) with abnormal endoscopic and histopathologic findings of 88.6% and 92.6%, respectively. The co-detection rates of endoscopic and histologic abnormalities for the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were 71.8%, 97.6%, and 55.8%, respectively. The most commonly detected endoscopic findings were antral gastritis (66.4%), pangastritis (18.0%), bile reflux (12.6%), and duodenitis (9.4%). The most commonly detected histopathologic findings were chronic gastritis (45.3%), chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis (37.3%), edematous gastric mucosa (5.4%), coeliac disease (4.4%), and esophagitis (4.4%). No complications were associated with the procedure itself or the required sedation. Conclusion: Diagnostic endoscopy indications may vary between countries and centers. It has been established by many studies that the rates of negative endoscopic procedures and complications associated with EGD are high; therefore, the determination of accurate indications for this procedure is important.
{"title":"Are Indications and Findings of Upper Gastrointestinal System Endoscopy Changing in Children Over the Years?","authors":"Melike Arslan, Hilal Işık, N. Balamtekin","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.02359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.02359","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There are few studies of diagnostic endoscopy indications in children, despite the fact that it is a commonly performed procedure. The aim of the present study was to determine the relation between indications for upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) endoscopy and endoscopic and histopathologic findings in children in an effort to minimize unnecessary procedures. Materials and Methods: The hospital files of 501 children and adolescents 1-18 years of age who underwent diagnostic upper GIS endoscopy examinations between June 2017 and June 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The mean age of the 501 patients was 14.5±3.1 years and 311 (62.0%) were female. The most common indications for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were epigastric pain (38.7%) and abdominal pain (29.3%) with abnormal endoscopic and histopathologic findings of 88.6% and 92.6%, respectively. The co-detection rates of endoscopic and histologic abnormalities for the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were 71.8%, 97.6%, and 55.8%, respectively. The most commonly detected endoscopic findings were antral gastritis (66.4%), pangastritis (18.0%), bile reflux (12.6%), and duodenitis (9.4%). The most commonly detected histopathologic findings were chronic gastritis (45.3%), chronic Helicobacter pylori gastritis (37.3%), edematous gastric mucosa (5.4%), coeliac disease (4.4%), and esophagitis (4.4%). No complications were associated with the procedure itself or the required sedation. Conclusion: Diagnostic endoscopy indications may vary between countries and centers. It has been established by many studies that the rates of negative endoscopic procedures and complications associated with EGD are high; therefore, the determination of accurate indications for this procedure is important.","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41408947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is described as immunological reaction against to one or more milk proteins. It is known that CMA which affects about 1-3% of the general population is the most commonly seen food allergy in infants and children. It is well known that a tolerance develops and prognosis is better during the first three years of the life. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the natural course of cases diagnosed with CMA and to determine the factors which have impact on the tolerance development. Materials and Methods: Medical records of cases who have been followed for CMA were retrospectively reviewed. Gender, age at first symptom, breastfeeding duration, family atopy history, multiple food allergies, concomitant allergic diseases, inhalant allergy sensitivity and clinical manifestation of cases were assessed. Also, prick test results, milk-specific IgE, casein-specific IgE and the reactions that developed during food challenge test were evaluated. Results: The age at first symptom was mean 4±2,3 months. Twenty-two percent of patients had a positive family history of atopy and 30% had multiple food allergies. There were concomitant allergic disorders in 58% of patients. Skin (93.8%), gastrointestinal system (GIS) (24.7%) and respiratory system (18.5%) symptoms were most commonly seen. The percentage of tolerance development by the years was determined as 41% for the first year, 64% for the second year and 75% for the third year. Milk-specific IgE level at the time of diagnosis (p=0.010) and asthma presence (p=0.010) were found significant risk factors for persistent CMA. Conclusion: Clinical parameters and allergy tests may help to predict the prognosis of CMA. Milk-specific IgE level at the time of diagnosis is the risk factor for persistent CMA.
{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Cases with Cow’s Milk Allergy","authors":"Hülya Poyraz Efe, Y. Canıtez, N. Sapan","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.55477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.55477","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is described as immunological reaction against to one or more milk proteins. It is known that CMA which affects about 1-3% of the general population is the most commonly seen food allergy in infants and children. It is well known that a tolerance develops and prognosis is better during the first three years of the life. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the natural course of cases diagnosed with CMA and to determine the factors which have impact on the tolerance development. Materials and Methods: Medical records of cases who have been followed for CMA were retrospectively reviewed. Gender, age at first symptom, breastfeeding duration, family atopy history, multiple food allergies, concomitant allergic diseases, inhalant allergy sensitivity and clinical manifestation of cases were assessed. Also, prick test results, milk-specific IgE, casein-specific IgE and the reactions that developed during food challenge test were evaluated. Results: The age at first symptom was mean 4±2,3 months. Twenty-two percent of patients had a positive family history of atopy and 30% had multiple food allergies. There were concomitant allergic disorders in 58% of patients. Skin (93.8%), gastrointestinal system (GIS) (24.7%) and respiratory system (18.5%) symptoms were most commonly seen. The percentage of tolerance development by the years was determined as 41% for the first year, 64% for the second year and 75% for the third year. Milk-specific IgE level at the time of diagnosis (p=0.010) and asthma presence (p=0.010) were found significant risk factors for persistent CMA. Conclusion: Clinical parameters and allergy tests may help to predict the prognosis of CMA. Milk-specific IgE level at the time of diagnosis is the risk factor for persistent CMA.","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44951182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of obesogenic environment and sociodemographic characteristics on children’s obesity awareness levels. Materials and Methods: The sample of the study was composed of a total of 540 children studying at the 5th grade (63), 6th grade (73), and 7th grade (79) in the private school and at the 5th grade (131), 6th grade (108), and 7th grade (86) in the public school specified between the dates when the study was conducted. “Descriptive Information Form”, “Obesogenic Environmental Evaluation Form (OEEF)” and “Obesity Awareness Scale (OAS)” were used to collect the data. Results: It was determined that OEEF mean score was higher in children studying in the public school (10.50±2.23) than those studying in the private school (7.77±2.36) and the difference between them was significant. OAS “physical activity” subscale mean score was significantly higher in children studying in the public school. Conclusion: When OEEF and OAS mean scores were examined according to sociodemographic variables, it was found that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of some variables. It was determined in the study that the children studying in the public school were affected more by the obesogenic environmental conditions and gender increased the obesity awareness level of the children. Within the scope of the fight against obesity, it is recommended to conduct consciousness-raising and awareness programs related to obesogenic environment in all educational institutions primarily in public schools.
{"title":"The Effect of Obesogenic Environment and Socio-demographic Characteristics on Obesity Awareness Levels of Children","authors":"Arzu Sarıalioğlu, Sibel Küçükoğlu, Aynur Aytekin Özdemir, Semra Köse, A. Çelebioğlu","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.34603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.34603","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of obesogenic environment and sociodemographic characteristics on children’s obesity awareness levels. Materials and Methods: The sample of the study was composed of a total of 540 children studying at the 5th grade (63), 6th grade (73), and 7th grade (79) in the private school and at the 5th grade (131), 6th grade (108), and 7th grade (86) in the public school specified between the dates when the study was conducted. “Descriptive Information Form”, “Obesogenic Environmental Evaluation Form (OEEF)” and “Obesity Awareness Scale (OAS)” were used to collect the data. Results: It was determined that OEEF mean score was higher in children studying in the public school (10.50±2.23) than those studying in the private school (7.77±2.36) and the difference between them was significant. OAS “physical activity” subscale mean score was significantly higher in children studying in the public school. Conclusion: When OEEF and OAS mean scores were examined according to sociodemographic variables, it was found that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of some variables. It was determined in the study that the children studying in the public school were affected more by the obesogenic environmental conditions and gender increased the obesity awareness level of the children. Within the scope of the fight against obesity, it is recommended to conduct consciousness-raising and awareness programs related to obesogenic environment in all educational institutions primarily in public schools.","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43203318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension (HT) is seen with increasing frequency in childhood. Various guidelines have been published to better evaluate these patients. The most frequently used of these are; The 4 th Report (The 4 th Report-2004) updated and published by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) National High Blood Pressure Education (NHBPEP) Working Group in 2004, a guideline prepared by the European Society of Hypertension in 2016 (ESH-2016), the last one is the guideline prepared by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2017 (AAP-2017). Although these guidelines have some similarities, there are serious differences between them. The 4 th Report-2004 and ESH-2016 guidelines use blood pressure (BP) percentile tables based on age and height previously determined in American children. Then, new tables were created by extracting the measurements of obese children and these tables were used in AAP-2017. From the age of 16 in ESH-2016 and 13 in AAP-2017, it is recommended that BP evaluations should be made according to adult guidelines. Evaluation of the
{"title":"Comparison of Childhood Hypertension Guidelines","authors":"Cemaliye Başaran, Belde Kasap Demir","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.24482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.24482","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension (HT) is seen with increasing frequency in childhood. Various guidelines have been published to better evaluate these patients. The most frequently used of these are; The 4 th Report (The 4 th Report-2004) updated and published by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) National High Blood Pressure Education (NHBPEP) Working Group in 2004, a guideline prepared by the European Society of Hypertension in 2016 (ESH-2016), the last one is the guideline prepared by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2017 (AAP-2017). Although these guidelines have some similarities, there are serious differences between them. The 4 th Report-2004 and ESH-2016 guidelines use blood pressure (BP) percentile tables based on age and height previously determined in American children. Then, new tables were created by extracting the measurements of obese children and these tables were used in AAP-2017. From the age of 16 in ESH-2016 and 13 in AAP-2017, it is recommended that BP evaluations should be made according to adult guidelines. Evaluation of the","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47697639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cockroach sensitivity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma and allergic respiratory diseases. It was aimed to investigate the incidence of Blattella germanica (German cockroach) sensitivity in atopic children in Bursa and its surroundings and possible risk factors that may be associated with the presence of Blattella germanica sensitivity. Materials and Methods: 1382 children aged 0-12 years, who were followed up with a diagnosis of any allergic disease and defined as atopic by detecting Anah tar ke li me ler Çocuk, atopi, hamam böceği, Blattella germanica
引言：蟑螂敏感性在儿童哮喘和过敏性呼吸道疾病的发病机制中起着重要作用。本研究旨在调查Bursa及其周围环境中特应性儿童德国小蠊（德国蟑螂）敏感性的发生率，以及可能与德国小蜚蠊敏感性存在相关的风险因素。材料和方法：1382名0-12岁的儿童，通过检测Anah tar ke li me lerÇocuk、特应性、hamam böceği、德国小蠊，被诊断为任何过敏性疾病，并被定义为特应性
{"title":"Investigation of Blattella germanica Sensitivity in Atopic Children","authors":"Y. Canıtez, Fatih Çiçek","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.94546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.94546","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cockroach sensitivity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma and allergic respiratory diseases. It was aimed to investigate the incidence of Blattella germanica (German cockroach) sensitivity in atopic children in Bursa and its surroundings and possible risk factors that may be associated with the presence of Blattella germanica sensitivity. Materials and Methods: 1382 children aged 0-12 years, who were followed up with a diagnosis of any allergic disease and defined as atopic by detecting Anah tar ke li me ler Çocuk, atopi, hamam böceği, Blattella germanica","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41668895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Sudden deaths in athletes during or immediately after sports activities worry the athletes, their families and clubs. There has been still no consensus on how to conduct pre-participation evaluations of the sports. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the results of cardiac examinations of children and adolescents performed before participating in sports and to review the literature. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2019 and January 2020 in the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic. One-hundred and fifty three children and adolescents were included in the study. Beside history taking, physical examination, electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO) examinations of the cases, Exercise test and rhythm Holter examination results were evaluated. Results: Of the cases, 108 (70%) were male and 45 (30%) were female. They were divided into three groups according to their age; 6-9 years (n=23), 10-13 years
{"title":"Cardiac Evaluation of the Children Before Participation of Sports Activities","authors":"Hüseyin Yılmaz, F. Şap","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.50480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.50480","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sudden deaths in athletes during or immediately after sports activities worry the athletes, their families and clubs. There has been still no consensus on how to conduct pre-participation evaluations of the sports. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the results of cardiac examinations of children and adolescents performed before participating in sports and to review the literature. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2019 and January 2020 in the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic. One-hundred and fifty three children and adolescents were included in the study. Beside history taking, physical examination, electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (ECHO) examinations of the cases, Exercise test and rhythm Holter examination results were evaluated. Results: Of the cases, 108 (70%) were male and 45 (30%) were female. They were divided into three groups according to their age; 6-9 years (n=23), 10-13 years","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44926444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-term treatment of chronic disease causes many physical, social, and emotional problems for children enduring such treatment. Low self-esteem, feelings of inadequacy and decrease in self-confidence become prominent experienced physical problems. Among emotional problems, sentiments of fear, anxiety, sadness, and anger are more evident. Social problems are among risks causing problems during interaction with friends, in social activities and at school. It is important to follow a biopsychosocial approach in evaluation of children coping with these problems. Such approach enables a holistic evaluation of difficulties of the family and child suffering from disease. It has been reported that pediatric social work interventions focusing on this approach have an important potential in dealing with psychosocial problems experienced by these children in many aspects such as self-esteem, emotional and behavioral reactions, school and social life, loss of control and lack of knowledge, and the functionality of their families. The purpose of this review is to put forth in the context of literature the importance of
{"title":"Psychosocial Problems of Children with Chronic Diseases: A Review Focusing on Pediatric Social Work Interventions","authors":"Ecren Aydın Engin, Filiz Yıldırım, E. Purutçuoğlu","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term treatment of chronic disease causes many physical, social, and emotional problems for children enduring such treatment. Low self-esteem, feelings of inadequacy and decrease in self-confidence become prominent experienced physical problems. Among emotional problems, sentiments of fear, anxiety, sadness, and anger are more evident. Social problems are among risks causing problems during interaction with friends, in social activities and at school. It is important to follow a biopsychosocial approach in evaluation of children coping with these problems. Such approach enables a holistic evaluation of difficulties of the family and child suffering from disease. It has been reported that pediatric social work interventions focusing on this approach have an important potential in dealing with psychosocial problems experienced by these children in many aspects such as self-esteem, emotional and behavioral reactions, school and social life, loss of control and lack of knowledge, and the functionality of their families. The purpose of this review is to put forth in the context of literature the importance of","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple Sclerosis in Childhood: Single Center Experience","authors":"M. Bodur, Rabia Tütüncü Toker, M. Okan","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.0028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46641373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reason For Inconsistency Between pH Monitoring and Impedance in Detecting Acid Gastroesophageal Reflux: pH-Only Events","authors":"A. Parlak, H. Doğruyol","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48483701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. H. Üzel, K. Yılmaz, K. Öncel, S. Tekin, M. Söker
{"title":"Evaluation of 36 Patients with Rare Factor Deficiency","authors":"V. H. Üzel, K. Yılmaz, K. Öncel, S. Tekin, M. Söker","doi":"10.4274/jcp.2021.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.2021.0021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41880,"journal":{"name":"Guncel Pediatri-Journal of Current Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44438201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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