Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s42321-020-00055-1
Fay Chen, S. Kao, Wenli Tsou
{"title":"Toward ELF-Informed Bilingual Education in Taiwan: Addressing Incongruity Between Policy and Practice","authors":"Fay Chen, S. Kao, Wenli Tsou","doi":"10.1007/s42321-020-00055-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-020-00055-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"44 1","pages":"175 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s42321-020-00055-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45298897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-22DOI: 10.1007/s42321-020-00050-6
Hoe Kyeung Kim, Soyoung Lee
{"title":"Multiple Roles of Language Teachers in Supporting CLIL","authors":"Hoe Kyeung Kim, Soyoung Lee","doi":"10.1007/s42321-020-00050-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-020-00050-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"44 1","pages":"109 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s42321-020-00050-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48216084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-09DOI: 10.1007/s42321-019-00045-y
Mostafa Pourhaji, Meghdad Zahedi, Ali Saadatara
{"title":"Types and Functions of Teachers’ Questions During Knowledge Construction in EFL Classroom Discourse","authors":"Mostafa Pourhaji, Meghdad Zahedi, Ali Saadatara","doi":"10.1007/s42321-019-00045-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-019-00045-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"44 1","pages":"313 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s42321-019-00045-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53340580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-20DOI: 10.1007/s42321-019-00043-0
Hsiao-Wen Hsu
{"title":"A Classroom-Oriented Exploration of Rural High School Teacher’s Motivational Practice on Student Motivation","authors":"Hsiao-Wen Hsu","doi":"10.1007/s42321-019-00043-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-019-00043-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"44 1","pages":"229 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s42321-019-00043-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47741027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-17DOI: 10.1007/s42321-019-00041-2
Rokhsareh Ghorbani Moghaddam, Mohammad Davoudi, S. M. R. Adel, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Amirian
{"title":"Reflective Teaching Through Journal Writing: a Study on EFL Teachers’ Reflection-for-Action, Reflection-in-Action, and Reflection-on-Action","authors":"Rokhsareh Ghorbani Moghaddam, Mohammad Davoudi, S. M. R. Adel, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Amirian","doi":"10.1007/s42321-019-00041-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-019-00041-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"44 1","pages":"277 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s42321-019-00041-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44448041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-11DOI: 10.1007/s42321-019-00037-y
C. Yang, Howard Hao-Jan Chen, Chen-Yu Liu, Yu-Cheng Liu
{"title":"A Semi-automatic Error Retrieval Method for Uncovering Collocation Errors from a Large Learner Corpus","authors":"C. Yang, Howard Hao-Jan Chen, Chen-Yu Liu, Yu-Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s42321-019-00037-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-019-00037-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"44 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s42321-019-00037-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44064157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-09DOI: 10.1007/s42321-019-00038-x
Hsuan-Yu Tai
{"title":"Variation of Nonstandard English Articles Among Chinese Speakers of English","authors":"Hsuan-Yu Tai","doi":"10.1007/s42321-019-00038-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-019-00038-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"44 1","pages":"45 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s42321-019-00038-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53340491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s42321-019-00035-0
Maryam Ataie-Tabar, Gholamreza Zareian, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Amirian, S. M. R. Adel
{"title":"A Study of Socio-Cultural Conception of Writing Assessment Literacy: Iranian EFL Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives","authors":"Maryam Ataie-Tabar, Gholamreza Zareian, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Amirian, S. M. R. Adel","doi":"10.1007/s42321-019-00035-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-019-00035-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"43 1","pages":"389 - 409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s42321-019-00035-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46185644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-23Epub Date: 2019-09-06DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0016-19.2019
Yan Hao, Thomas J Waller, Derek M Nye, Jiaxing Li, Yanxiao Zhang, Richard I Hume, Melissa M Rolls, Catherine A Collins
The degeneration of injured axons involves a self-destruction pathway whose components and mechanism are not fully understood. Here, we report a new regulator of axonal resilience. The transmembrane protein Raw is cell autonomously required for the degeneration of injured axons, dendrites, and synapses in Drosophila melanogaster In both male and female raw hypomorphic mutant or knock-down larvae, the degeneration of injured axons, dendrites, and synapses from motoneurons and sensory neurons is strongly inhibited. This protection is insensitive to reduction in the levels of the NAD+ synthesis enzyme Nmnat (nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase), but requires the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and the transcription factors Fos and Jun (AP-1). Although these factors were previously known to function in axonal injury signaling and regeneration, Raw's function can be genetically separated from other axonal injury responses: Raw does not modulate JNK-dependent axonal injury signaling and regenerative responses, but instead restrains a protective pathway that inhibits the degeneration of axons, dendrites, and synapses. Although protection in raw mutants requires JNK, Fos, and Jun, JNK also promotes axonal degeneration. These findings suggest the existence of multiple independent pathways that share modulation by JNK, Fos, and Jun that influence how axons respond to stress and injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Axonal degeneration is a major feature of neuropathies and nerve injuries and occurs via a cell autonomous self-destruction pathway whose mechanism is poorly understood. This study reports the identification of a new regulator of axonal degeneration: the transmembrane protein Raw. Raw regulates a cell autonomous nuclear signaling pathway whose yet unknown downstream effectors protect injured axons, dendrites, and synapses from degenerating. These findings imply that the susceptibility of axons to degeneration is strongly regulated in neurons. Future understanding of the cellular pathway regulated by Raw, which engages the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and Fos and Jun transcription factors, may suggest new strategies to increase the resiliency of axons in debilitating neuropathies.
损伤轴突的变性涉及一种自毁途径，其成分和机制尚不完全清楚。在这里，我们报告了轴突恢复能力的一个新调节因子。在黑腹果蝇中，受伤轴突、树突和突触的退化需要细胞自主的跨膜蛋白 Raw 在雄性和雌性 Raw 低态突变体或基因敲除幼虫中，运动神经元和感觉神经元的受伤轴突、树突和突触的退化受到强烈抑制。这种保护对 NAD+ 合成酶 Nmnat（烟酰胺单核苷酸腺苷酸转移酶）水平的降低不敏感，但需要 c-Jun N 端激酶（JNK）丝裂原活化蛋白（MAP）激酶和转录因子 Fos 和 Jun（AP-1）。虽然这些因子以前已知在轴突损伤信号传导和再生中起作用，但 Raw 的功能可以从基因上与其他轴突损伤反应区分开来：Raw 并不调节依赖于 JNK 的轴突损伤信号传导和再生反应，而是抑制抑制轴突、树突和突触退化的保护性途径。虽然原始突变体的保护需要JNK、Fos和Jun，但JNK也会促进轴突退化。这些发现表明，存在多种独立的途径，它们共同受 JNK、Fos 和 Jun 的调节，影响轴突对应激和损伤的反应。本研究发现了轴突变性的新调节因子：跨膜蛋白 Raw。Raw 可调节细胞自主核信号通路，其下游效应因子尚不清楚，但可保护受伤的轴突、树突和突触免于退化。这些发现意味着，神经元中轴突对变性的易感性受到强烈调控。Raw调节的细胞通路涉及c-Jun N-末端激酶（JNK）丝裂原活化蛋白（MAP）激酶以及Fos和Jun转录因子，未来对这一通路的了解可能会为提高神经衰弱性疾病中轴突的恢复能力提出新的策略。
{"title":"Degeneration of Injured Axons and Dendrites Requires Restraint of a Protective JNK Signaling Pathway by the Transmembrane Protein Raw.","authors":"Yan Hao, Thomas J Waller, Derek M Nye, Jiaxing Li, Yanxiao Zhang, Richard I Hume, Melissa M Rolls, Catherine A Collins","doi":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0016-19.2019","DOIUrl":"10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0016-19.2019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The degeneration of injured axons involves a self-destruction pathway whose components and mechanism are not fully understood. Here, we report a new regulator of axonal resilience. The transmembrane protein Raw is cell autonomously required for the degeneration of injured axons, dendrites, and synapses in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> In both male and female <i>raw</i> hypomorphic mutant or knock-down larvae, the degeneration of injured axons, dendrites, and synapses from motoneurons and sensory neurons is strongly inhibited. This protection is insensitive to reduction in the levels of the NAD<sup>+</sup> synthesis enzyme Nmnat (nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase), but requires the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and the transcription factors Fos and Jun (AP-1). Although these factors were previously known to function in axonal injury signaling and regeneration, Raw's function can be genetically separated from other axonal injury responses: Raw does not modulate JNK-dependent axonal injury signaling and regenerative responses, but instead restrains a protective pathway that inhibits the degeneration of axons, dendrites, and synapses. Although protection in <i>raw</i> mutants requires JNK, Fos, and Jun, JNK also promotes axonal degeneration. These findings suggest the existence of multiple independent pathways that share modulation by JNK, Fos, and Jun that influence how axons respond to stress and injury.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Axonal degeneration is a major feature of neuropathies and nerve injuries and occurs via a cell autonomous self-destruction pathway whose mechanism is poorly understood. This study reports the identification of a new regulator of axonal degeneration: the transmembrane protein Raw. Raw regulates a cell autonomous nuclear signaling pathway whose yet unknown downstream effectors protect injured axons, dendrites, and synapses from degenerating. These findings imply that the susceptibility of axons to degeneration is strongly regulated in neurons. Future understanding of the cellular pathway regulated by Raw, which engages the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and Fos and Jun transcription factors, may suggest new strategies to increase the resiliency of axons in debilitating neuropathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"42 1","pages":"8457-8470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6807270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79063668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-18DOI: 10.1007/s42321-019-00039-w
E. Jakupčević
{"title":"Young Language Learners’ Use of Discourse Markers in L2 Narratives","authors":"E. Jakupčević","doi":"10.1007/s42321-019-00039-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-019-00039-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41914,"journal":{"name":"English Teaching and Learning","volume":"43 1","pages":"411 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s42321-019-00039-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41986832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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