Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/archaeologia105s51
V. Schmid, O. Schmitsberger, T. Einwögerer
{"title":"Erster Nachweis mittelpaläolithischer Steintechnologie im Burgenland (Österreich). Eine techno-typologische Analyse der Oberflächenfunde vom Csaterberg","authors":"V. Schmid, O. Schmitsberger, T. Einwögerer","doi":"10.1553/archaeologia105s51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia105s51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/archaeologia105s117
Brina Škvor Jernejčič
The cemetery at Ljubljana – Dvorišče SAZU is of fundamental importance for the research into the Late Bronze Age in the territory of the southeastern Alps and beyond. The recently conducted revision of the entire cemetery revealed that the oldest cremations should be placed already at the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age period. Such observations have, furthermore, been confirmed by the new AMS dating results. The analysis of ceramic finds from Ljubljana cemetery showed that the best analogies for them can be found in the territory of the northern Carpathian Basin. Due to analogies in ceramic finds, cremated bones from cemeteries of the so-called Piliny Culture in Slovakia (Radzovce, Šafárikovo) were also sent for AMS analysis. Further typo-chronological analysis of the bronze grave goods revealed that connections with communities from the northern Carpathian Basin were decisive not only for the formative phase of the cemetery in Ljubljana at the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age but also later on during the Early Urnfield period. In conclusion, all cremation graves in Slovenia from the Initial and Early Urnfield period are considered. Although their number is exceptionally small, it seems possible to distinguish two separate phases. The oldest phase can be correlated with the Br D/Ha A1 period (Ljubljana Ia 1 phase) and is dated from the 13th century to the first half of the 12th century BC. The second phase, covering the major part of the Ha A period (Ljubljana Ia 2 phase), ends around the middle of the 11th century BC.
{"title":"Towards an Absolute Chronology at the Beginning of the Late Bronze Age in Slovenia. New Radiocarbon Dates from Ljubljana","authors":"Brina Škvor Jernejčič","doi":"10.1553/archaeologia105s117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia105s117","url":null,"abstract":"The cemetery at Ljubljana – Dvorišče SAZU is of fundamental importance for the research into the Late Bronze Age in the territory of the southeastern Alps and beyond. The recently conducted revision of the entire cemetery revealed that the oldest cremations should be placed already at the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age period. Such observations have, furthermore, been confirmed by the new AMS dating results. The analysis of ceramic finds from Ljubljana cemetery showed that the best analogies for them can be found in the territory of the northern Carpathian Basin. Due to analogies in ceramic finds, cremated bones from cemeteries of the so-called Piliny Culture in Slovakia (Radzovce, Šafárikovo) were also sent for AMS analysis. Further typo-chronological analysis of the bronze grave goods revealed that connections with communities from the northern Carpathian Basin were decisive not only for the formative phase of the cemetery in Ljubljana at the very beginning of the Late Bronze Age but also later on during the Early Urnfield period. In conclusion, all cremation graves in Slovenia from the Initial and Early Urnfield period are considered. Although their number is exceptionally small, it seems possible to distinguish two separate phases. The oldest phase can be correlated with the Br D/Ha A1 period (Ljubljana Ia 1 phase) and is dated from the 13th century to the first half of the 12th century BC. The second phase, covering the major part of the Ha A period (Ljubljana Ia 2 phase), ends around the middle of the 11th century BC.","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67350826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/archaeologia105s303
M. Gavranović
{"title":"Rezension - Gábor V. Szabó, Bronze Age Treasures in Hungary: The Quest for Buried Weapons, Tools and Jewellery. Hereditas Archaeologica Hungariae 3 (Archeolingua, Budapest 2019)","authors":"M. Gavranović","doi":"10.1553/archaeologia105s303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia105s303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/archaeologia105s87
Thomas Einwögerer
The Lower Austrian site of Kammern-Grubgraben is one of the few stratigraphically recorded sites from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that allows detailed insights into the life of glacial hunter-gatherer societies. Extensive and planned archaeological excavations took place for the first time between 1985 and 1994 under the direction of Friedrich Brandtner in cooperation with Anta Montet-White (1985– 1990) and Bohuslav Klíma (1993–1994), following earlier smaller, isolated findings and unqualified, largely undocumented excavations. After Brandtner’s death in 2000, the exceptionally rich find material remained largely unprocessed and barely published. It was not until 2011 to 2015 that the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA, now: the Austrian Archaeological Institute – OeAI) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) succeeded in completely recording and inventorying the material in the course of a cooperation project with the Institutes for Prehistory and Early History of the University of Cologne and the Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, funded by the legal owner of the finds, the State of Lower Austria. Field research was resumed in 2015, when it became known that land consolidation and the relocation of an access road had begun in the area of the site without prior notification of the authorities. After initial prospections (profiles and percussion cores) by the Quaternary Archaeology research group (OREA/OeAI, OeAW) initiated and funded by the Federal Office for the Protection of Monuments (BDA), regular research activities subsidised by the State of Lower Austria were started in the form of annual oneto twomonth excavation campaigns. Once again, an exceptionally extensive inventory of finds including bones, knapped lithics and jewellery was documented and recovered, as well as stone finds unique for this period. This article presents the latest excavations and discusses the finding of a possible meat cache.
{"title":"The Discovery of a Possible ‘Meat Cache’. Recent Excavations at the Upper Palaeolithic Open-air Site in Kammern-Grubgraben 2015–2020","authors":"Thomas Einwögerer","doi":"10.1553/archaeologia105s87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia105s87","url":null,"abstract":"The Lower Austrian site of Kammern-Grubgraben is one of the few stratigraphically recorded sites from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that allows detailed insights into the life of glacial hunter-gatherer societies. Extensive and planned archaeological excavations took place for the first time between 1985 and 1994 under the direction of Friedrich Brandtner in cooperation with Anta Montet-White (1985– 1990) and Bohuslav Klíma (1993–1994), following earlier smaller, isolated findings and unqualified, largely undocumented excavations. After Brandtner’s death in 2000, the exceptionally rich find material remained largely unprocessed and barely published. It was not until 2011 to 2015 that the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA, now: the Austrian Archaeological Institute – OeAI) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW) succeeded in completely recording and inventorying the material in the course of a cooperation project with the Institutes for Prehistory and Early History of the University of Cologne and the Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, funded by the legal owner of the finds, the State of Lower Austria. Field research was resumed in 2015, when it became known that land consolidation and the relocation of an access road had begun in the area of the site without prior notification of the authorities. After initial prospections (profiles and percussion cores) by the Quaternary Archaeology research group (OREA/OeAI, OeAW) initiated and funded by the Federal Office for the Protection of Monuments (BDA), regular research activities subsidised by the State of Lower Austria were started in the form of annual oneto twomonth excavation campaigns. Once again, an exceptionally extensive inventory of finds including bones, knapped lithics and jewellery was documented and recovered, as well as stone finds unique for this period. This article presents the latest excavations and discusses the finding of a possible meat cache.","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67350952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1553/archaeologia105s299
C. Burke
{"title":"Review - Dries Daems, Social Complexity and Complex Systems in Archaeology (Routledge, Oxon 2021)","authors":"C. Burke","doi":"10.1553/archaeologia105s299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia105s299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67351028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1553/archaeologia104s195
Laetitia Phialon
This article focuses on ceramic goblets found in settlement contexts, using their capacity as a leading criterion for a better understanding of drinking practices and consumption patterns in the MH-LH IIIA1 periods. It compares goblets of various sizes and capacities obtained by calculation methods with other individual open shapes and explores their use within wider ceramic assemblages. In total, the capacities of over one hundred goblets and more than 400 vessels of other shapes have been calculated. I argue that the largest goblets, at least those exceeding three litres in capacity, were certainly shared by several individuals in commensal activities, passing from hand to hand, as was probably the case at small-scale gatherings at Asine in the MH III period. From LH I onwards, this practice may have coexisted with the use of kraters for mixing drinks subsequently distributed in smaller individual drinking vessels, goblets included, among the participants at feasts or ceremonial drinking. The large number of drinking vessels and the wide capacity range of the LH IIB-IIIA1 goblets from the Menelaion of Sparta support this idea. This constitutes a milestone in the development of drinking events, which reached their peak in LH IIIB within the framework of huge feasting ceremonies organized by the Mycenaean palaces.
{"title":"Thoughts on the Capacities of Goblets and Consumption Practices in Middle Helladic and Early Mycenaean Settlements","authors":"Laetitia Phialon","doi":"10.1553/archaeologia104s195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia104s195","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on ceramic goblets found in settlement contexts, using their capacity as a leading criterion for a better understanding of drinking practices and consumption patterns in the MH-LH IIIA1 periods. It compares goblets of various sizes and capacities obtained by calculation methods with other individual open shapes and explores their use within wider ceramic assemblages. In total, the capacities of over one hundred goblets and more than 400 vessels of other shapes have been calculated. I argue that the largest goblets, at least those exceeding three litres in capacity, were certainly shared by several individuals in commensal activities, passing from hand to hand, as was probably the case at small-scale gatherings at Asine in the MH III period. From LH I onwards, this practice may have coexisted with the use of kraters for mixing drinks subsequently distributed in smaller individual drinking vessels, goblets included, among the participants at feasts or ceremonial drinking. The large number of drinking vessels and the wide capacity range of the LH IIB-IIIA1 goblets from the Menelaion of Sparta support this idea. This constitutes a milestone in the development of drinking events, which reached their peak in LH IIIB within the framework of huge feasting ceremonies organized by the Mycenaean palaces.","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67350415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.1553/archaeologia104s123
Leandra Reitmaier-Naef, P. Thomas, Julia Bucher, M. Oberhänsli, Caroline O. Grutsch, K. Martinek, M. Seifert, Philippe Rentzel, R. Turck, Thomas Reitmaier, Philippe Della Casa
The mining region of Oberhalbstein, to date sparsely studied, has been the subject of archaeological research since 2013. Two mining areas which lie well above the forest line were studied in the summer of 2017. The Avagna-Ochsenalp site includes multi-phased heap features, of which the earliest phase has been dendrochronologically dated to the 11 th century BC. In Cotschens, mining traces in an area of approximately 0.1 km 2 from an unknown time period have been observed. Here, the flooded mine 1 was studied in more detail. After the cavity had been drained, 66 wood objects were revealed, including mining tools from the 1 st century BC. 14 C dating further confirms Late Bronze Age and Early to Late Iron Age activity. Stone tools from the adjacent heap also confirm prehistoric on-site ore processing, a unique find so far in the Oberhalbstein region. Genauer untersucht wurde die abgesof-fene Grube 1. Nach dem Abpumpen der feuergesetzten Hohlräume kamen 66 Holzobjekte zum Vorschein – darunter bergbauspezifische Geräte aus dem 1. Jh. v. Chr. 14 C-Datierungen belegen hier darüber hinaus spätbronzezeitliche sowie früh- und späteisenzeitliche Akti-vitäten. Im angrenzenden Haldengelände wurden außerdem Steinge-räte dokumentiert, die eine prähistorische Erzaufbereitung vor Ort bezeugen – ein bisher einzigartiger Befund im Oberhalbstein.
迄今为止，Oberhalbstein矿区的研究很少，自2013年以来一直是考古研究的主题。2017年夏天，研究人员对位于森林线上方的两个矿区进行了研究。Avagna-Ochsenalp遗址包括多阶段的堆特征，其中最早的阶段已被树木年代学确定为公元前11世纪。在Cotschens，在大约0.1 km²的区域内发现了一个未知时期的采矿痕迹。在这里，对被淹的矿井进行了更详细的研究。洞穴被排干后，发现了66件木制物品，包括公元前1世纪的采矿工具。14c年代测定进一步证实了青铜时代晚期和铁器时代早期至晚期的活动。从邻近的石堆中发现的石器也证实了史前现场的矿石加工，这是迄今为止在Oberhalbstein地区的一个独特发现。Genauer untersucht wurde die abgesesofene Grube 1。1. [endnoteref: 1] [endnoteref: 1] [endnoteref: 1] [endnoteref: 1] [Hohlräume] [endnoteref: 1] [endnoteref: 1]Jh。诉第14条C-Datierungen belegen hier dardar berchinaus spätbronzezeitliche sowie frh - und späteisenzeitliche Akti-vitäten。我在Oberhalbstein工作，我在Oberhalbstein工作，我在Oberhalbstein工作，我在Oberhalbstein工作，我在Oberhalbstein工作。
{"title":"Mining at the Fringes. High-Altitude Prehistoric Copper Mining in the Oberhalbstein Valley (Grisons, Switzerland)","authors":"Leandra Reitmaier-Naef, P. Thomas, Julia Bucher, M. Oberhänsli, Caroline O. Grutsch, K. Martinek, M. Seifert, Philippe Rentzel, R. Turck, Thomas Reitmaier, Philippe Della Casa","doi":"10.1553/archaeologia104s123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/archaeologia104s123","url":null,"abstract":"The mining region of Oberhalbstein, to date sparsely studied, has been the subject of archaeological research since 2013. Two mining areas which lie well above the forest line were studied in the summer of 2017. The Avagna-Ochsenalp site includes multi-phased heap features, of which the earliest phase has been dendrochronologically dated to the 11 th century BC. In Cotschens, mining traces in an area of approximately 0.1 km 2 from an unknown time period have been observed. Here, the flooded mine 1 was studied in more detail. After the cavity had been drained, 66 wood objects were revealed, including mining tools from the 1 st century BC. 14 C dating further confirms Late Bronze Age and Early to Late Iron Age activity. Stone tools from the adjacent heap also confirm prehistoric on-site ore processing, a unique find so far in the Oberhalbstein region. Genauer untersucht wurde die abgesof-fene Grube 1. Nach dem Abpumpen der feuergesetzten Hohlräume kamen 66 Holzobjekte zum Vorschein – darunter bergbauspezifische Geräte aus dem 1. Jh. v. Chr. 14 C-Datierungen belegen hier darüber hinaus spätbronzezeitliche sowie früh- und späteisenzeitliche Akti-vitäten. Im angrenzenden Haldengelände wurden außerdem Steinge-räte dokumentiert, die eine prähistorische Erzaufbereitung vor Ort bezeugen – ein bisher einzigartiger Befund im Oberhalbstein.","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67350727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Schmid, Marjolein D. Bosch, M. Brandl, M. Götzinger, P. Nigst
The well-dated stratigraphic sequence of Willendorf II is a reference site for the Upper Palaeolithic in general and the Gravettian in particular. In 1993, a joint team from the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (Brussels, Belgium) and the University of Vienna carried out excavations at this loess site in the Danube Valley known since the end of the 19th century. During the excavation season, the team recovered 391 artefacts, the majority attributed to AH 6 and 8. We performed a technological study based on an attribute analysis of the lithic artefacts. This study demonstrates that the assemblages of AH 6 and 8 differ significantly in terms of technology and techno- economy. AH 6 has a high proportion of non-local erratic flint. The unidirectional reduction strategy aimed at the production of bladelets, especially on high-quality raw materials, to further modify them into backed elements that could be used as projectiles. In addition to the unidirectional, volumetric reduction strategy, burins were also exploited as bladelet cores. Apart from the manufacture of backed elements, the tool spectrum contains burins, end scrapers and pieces with edge retouch. AH 8 is dominated by local raw materials, such as quartzite and siliceous limestone. The unidirectional reduction strategy aimed at the production of blades. The toolkit includes a range of different tool types. Splintered pieces occur most frequently. Furthermore, pointed blades, burins, end scrapers, edge retouches, truncations, a borer with edge retouch, and a notched piece are among the tools. The differences between AH 6 and AH 8 and the similarities of AH 6 to AH 5 and AH 6 of the old excavations highlight that the AH 6 and AH 8 of the 1993 excavations do not belong to the same phase of the Gravettian technocomplex. The hunter-gatherers of AH 6 show technological, techno-economic and socio-technological behaviours more likely to correspond to the early Gravettian, while AH 8 shows diagnostic features of the Pavlovian, thereby confirming the dominant view among researchers that AH 8 of Willendorf II belongs to the Pavlovian.
{"title":"Neue Einblicke in das Gravettien von Willendorf II. Die Steinartefakte der Grabung 1993","authors":"V. Schmid, Marjolein D. Bosch, M. Brandl, M. Götzinger, P. Nigst","doi":"10.1553/0x003b1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/0x003b1202","url":null,"abstract":"The well-dated stratigraphic sequence of Willendorf II is a reference site for the Upper Palaeolithic in general and the Gravettian in particular. In 1993, a joint team from the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (Brussels, Belgium) and the University of Vienna carried out excavations at this loess site in the Danube Valley known since the end of the 19th century. During the excavation season, the team recovered 391 artefacts, the majority attributed to AH 6 and 8. We performed a technological study based on an attribute analysis of the lithic artefacts. This study demonstrates that the assemblages of AH 6 and 8 differ significantly in terms of technology and techno- economy. AH 6 has a high proportion of non-local erratic flint. The unidirectional reduction strategy aimed at the production of bladelets, especially on high-quality raw materials, to further modify them into backed elements that could be used as projectiles. In addition to the unidirectional, volumetric reduction strategy, burins were also exploited as bladelet cores. Apart from the manufacture of backed elements, the tool spectrum contains burins, end scrapers and pieces with edge retouch. AH 8 is dominated by local raw materials, such as quartzite and siliceous limestone. The unidirectional reduction strategy aimed at the production of blades. The toolkit includes a range of different tool types. Splintered pieces occur most frequently. Furthermore, pointed blades, burins, end scrapers, edge retouches, truncations, a borer with edge retouch, and a notched piece are among the tools. The differences between AH 6 and AH 8 and the similarities of AH 6 to AH 5 and AH 6 of the old excavations highlight that the AH 6 and AH 8 of the 1993 excavations do not belong to the same phase of the Gravettian technocomplex. The hunter-gatherers of AH 6 show technological, techno-economic and socio-technological behaviours more likely to correspond to the early Gravettian, while AH 8 shows diagnostic features of the Pavlovian, thereby confirming the dominant view among researchers that AH 8 of Willendorf II belongs to the Pavlovian.","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Within the framework of the project ‘BergbauLandschaftWien’ extensive research concerning Neolithic mining activities in the St. Veit Klippen Belt was undertaken between 2016 and 2018 in Vienna and the immediate catchment area. These investigations included surveys, archival research and the recording as well as re-evaluation of old collections, and a small-scale excavation at the Gemeindeberg in Vienna. An especially promising area is the nature reserve known as the ‘Lainzer Tiergarten’, where altogether 15 so-far unknown radiolarite quarrying and workshop areas were detected by the end of 2018. They were identified based on surface finds characteristic for prehistoric quarrying, such as artificial (quarrying) debris, decortification flakes, precores, hammer stones, etc., in combination with the absence of indications for regular settlement activities. Additionally, initial steps towards incorporating the mining landscape into the surrounding settlement and infrastructure were undertaken in order to grasp the socio-economic dimensions of these mining activities. The use of ‘Vienna radiolarite’ is evidenced from the Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age; the heydays of mining however appear to be a Neolithic phenomenon. Our preliminary results indicate that the scale of Neolithic radiolarite mining in Vienna has been dramatically underestimated. We are not dealing with isolated findings as previously assumed, but, on the contrary, with a prehistoric mining landscape of European rank and significant extent, providing unprecedented research potential.
{"title":"Neu entdeckte Radiolaritabbaue in Wien. Bedeutung und Nutzung der St. Veiter Klippenzone im Neolithikum","authors":"O. Schmitsberger, M. Brandl, Martin Penz","doi":"10.1553/0x003b120c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/0x003b120c","url":null,"abstract":"Within the framework of the project ‘BergbauLandschaftWien’ extensive research concerning Neolithic mining activities in the St. Veit Klippen Belt was undertaken between 2016 and 2018 in Vienna and the immediate catchment area. These investigations included surveys, archival research and the recording as well as re-evaluation of old collections, and a small-scale excavation at the Gemeindeberg in Vienna. An especially promising area is the nature reserve known as the ‘Lainzer Tiergarten’, where altogether 15 so-far unknown radiolarite quarrying and workshop areas were detected by the end of 2018. They were identified based on surface finds characteristic for prehistoric quarrying, such as artificial (quarrying) debris, decortification flakes, precores, hammer stones, etc., in combination with the absence of indications for regular settlement activities. Additionally, initial steps towards incorporating the mining landscape into the surrounding settlement and infrastructure were undertaken in order to grasp the socio-economic dimensions of these mining activities. The use of ‘Vienna radiolarite’ is evidenced from the Palaeolithic to the Bronze Age; the heydays of mining however appear to be a Neolithic phenomenon. Our preliminary results indicate that the scale of Neolithic radiolarite mining in Vienna has been dramatically underestimated. We are not dealing with isolated findings as previously assumed, but, on the contrary, with a prehistoric mining landscape of European rank and significant extent, providing unprecedented research potential.","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study deals with a class of archaeological finds from the European Upper Palaeolithic that are usually referred to as potential flutes. In this paper, these artifacts are divided typologically into phalangeal whistles, perforated bones, single flutes without finger holes, panpipes, and intentionally manufactured aerophones. In addition to instruments in which the sound is generated by breaking the air flow at a cutting edge, reeds and sound-distorting mirlitons are also discussed in this paper. Experiments using replica instruments provide further arguments on the question of flute- or reed-blowing. The first unquestionably human-made aerophones uncovered by archaeology brought in changes in language and a flourishing of the visual arts. Music is not just an entertaining minor matter, but an important socio-cultural driving force that is able to unite different humans.
{"title":"Blasinstrumente aus dem europäischen Jungpaläolithikum. Fundmaterial, Interpretation und musikwissenschaftliche Aspekte","authors":"Michael Praxmarer","doi":"10.1553/0x003b1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1553/0x003b1204","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with a class of archaeological finds from the European Upper Palaeolithic that are usually referred to as potential flutes. In this paper, these artifacts are divided typologically into phalangeal whistles, perforated bones, single flutes without finger holes, panpipes, and intentionally manufactured aerophones. In addition to instruments in which the sound is generated by breaking the air flow at a cutting edge, reeds and sound-distorting mirlitons are also discussed in this paper. Experiments using replica instruments provide further arguments on the question of flute- or reed-blowing. The first unquestionably human-made aerophones uncovered by archaeology brought in changes in language and a flourishing of the visual arts. Music is not just an entertaining minor matter, but an important socio-cultural driving force that is able to unite different humans.","PeriodicalId":41926,"journal":{"name":"Archaeologia Austriaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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