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ISO and Lean Can Contribute to a Culture of Continuous Improvement ISO和精益可以促进持续改进的文化
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0270
C. P. Gomez, H. Hamid
There is increasing “acceptance” that compliance to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Quality Management Systems is adequate to secure the full benefits of continuous improvement (CI) practice. This appears to detract construction organizations from developing CI practice that can significantly contribute to a culture of CI. This paper proposes that implementation of the Last Planner System (LPS) for improving construction project planning and scheduling (P&S), based on lean construction’s TFV theory, can contribute to CI culture within an ISO QMS compliance framework. It is argued that claims regarding lean construction as being amongst one of the many construction improvement ‘panaceas’ that are non-contextual, generic solutions that are reductionist ‘bolt-on’ models of change are rather unfounded. In order to substantiate the above argument a CI maturity model was developed based on CI critical success factors based on a Delphi survey, and the CI maturity level of ISOcertified and non-ISO certified construction contracting organizations in the P&S process was compared. 39 ISO-certified and 57 non-ISO certified contractor’s CI maturity was analyzed using independent t-test. Although the ISO-certified organizations’ CI maturity level was higher, the general maturity level was low, warranting serious consideration for the application of LPS.
越来越多的人“接受”遵守国际标准化组织(ISO)质量管理体系足以确保持续改进(CI)实践的全部好处。这似乎削弱了建筑组织开发CI实践的能力,而这些实践可以为CI文化做出重大贡献。本文提出,在精益建设的ttfv理论的基础上,实施最后计划者系统(LPS)来改善建设项目的计划和进度(P&S),可以促进ISO QMS合规框架下的CI文化。有人认为,将精益建设作为众多建设改进“灵丹妙药”之一的说法是没有上下文的,通用的解决方案,是简化主义的“螺栓”变化模型,是相当没有根据的。为了验证上述观点,基于德尔菲调查建立了基于CI关键成功因素的CI成熟度模型,并比较了iso认证和非iso认证的建筑承包组织在P&S过程中的CI成熟度水平。采用独立t检验对39家iso认证和57家非iso认证承包商CI成熟度进行分析。虽然iso认证组织的CI成熟度水平较高,但总体成熟度水平较低,需要认真考虑LPS的应用。
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引用次数: 1
Enabling Lean Among Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Contractors in Sri Lanka 在斯里兰卡中小企业(SME)承包商中实现精益
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0428
K. Ranadewa, Y. Sandanayake, M. Siriwardena
Lack of sufficient attention to the possible benefits of adopting lean concept has hindered the performance of small and medium enterprise (SME) contractors in Sri Lanka. Insufficient knowledge on minimising non-value adding activities (NVAA) is considered as the major barrier to implementing lean. Moreover, there is a lack of empirical research identifying NVAA, in order to trigger lean adoption in Sri Lankan SME contractors. Hence, the paper investigates NVAA, their significance and the causes, which hinder lean implementation in Sri Lankan SME contractors. A literature review, followed by five case studies were carried out, and the data were analysed using 5-why analysis. According to findings, lean construction is still a relatively unfamiliar approach among SME contractors in Sri Lanka. Some organisations follow lean techniques in an ad-hoc manner without an adequate understanding of the concept. The studyfurther identified defects, inventory and waiting as major NVAA categories relevant to SME contractors. Lack of finance, insufficient training, cultural inertia, lack of individual capacities, lack of networking and collaboration, and lack of action learning were identified as the root causes for NVAA of SME contractors. Although respondents expressed their willingness to implement lean to enhance value, they identified lack of capacities as a major constraint against enabling lean adoption among SME contractors in Sri Lanka.
对采用精益理念可能带来的好处缺乏足够的重视,阻碍了斯里兰卡中小企业(SME)承包商的绩效。对最小化非增值活动(NVAA)的知识不足被认为是实施精益的主要障碍。此外,还缺乏实证研究来确定NVAA,以触发斯里兰卡中小企业承包商的精益采用。因此,本文对阻碍斯里兰卡中小企业承包商精益实施的NVAA、NVAA的意义和原因进行了研究。文献综述,随后进行了五个案例研究,并使用5-why分析法分析数据。根据调查结果,精益建设在斯里兰卡的中小企业承包商中仍然是一种相对陌生的方法。一些组织在没有充分理解精益概念的情况下,以一种特别的方式遵循精益技术。该研究进一步确定了缺陷、库存和等待是与中小企业承包商相关的主要NVAA类别。缺乏资金、培训不足、文化惰性、缺乏个人能力、缺乏网络和协作以及缺乏行动学习被确定为中小企业承包商NVAA的根本原因。尽管受访者表示他们愿意实施精益以提高价值,但他们认为缺乏能力是斯里兰卡中小企业承包商采用精益的主要制约因素。
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引用次数: 7
Explaining the Benefits of Team Goals to Support Collaboration 解释支持协作的团队目标的好处
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0490
Annett Schöttle, P. Tillmann
The importance of a collaborative environment to achieve success in projects has been widely discussed in the literature and different mechanisms have been developed and introduced to support a collaborative approach to construction projects, i.e. new forms of agreement, new office arrangements, financial incentives, a shared risk and reward approach, the development of shared goals, etc. However, the literature related to these mechanisms is predominantly prescriptive, with little evidence and justification on why some of these mechanisms might be important to support collaboration. In this paper, we focus on discussing the development of shared goals as a means to support collaboration. We collected findings from two case studies in which an explicit process for goal setting and tracking was used to emphasize a collaborative environment. The technique used in these projects are not new and have been documented elsewhere. However, the benefits of these kind of techniques to support collaboration have not been fully explored in the lean construction community. Thus, the intent of this paper is to report some of the benefits that a goal setting exercise brought to two construction projects while having a theoretical discussion to explain why such process can be beneficial and should also be considered along with other mechanisms as an important element to support collaboration.
协作环境对项目成功的重要性在文献中得到了广泛的讨论,并且已经开发并引入了不同的机制来支持建设项目的协作方法,即新形式的协议,新的办公安排,财务激励,共享风险和奖励方法,共同目标的发展等。然而,与这些机制相关的文献主要是说明性的,很少有证据和理由说明为什么其中一些机制可能对支持合作很重要。在本文中,我们将重点讨论作为支持协作手段的共享目标的发展。我们收集了两个案例研究的结果,在这两个案例中,明确的目标设定和跟踪过程被用来强调协作环境。在这些项目中使用的技术并不新鲜,并且已经在其他地方记录了。然而,在精益建筑社区中,这些支持协作的技术的好处还没有得到充分的探索。因此,本文的目的是报告目标设定练习给两个建设项目带来的一些好处,同时进行理论讨论,解释为什么这样的过程是有益的,并且应该与其他机制一起考虑作为支持协作的重要元素。
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引用次数: 6
Lean Formwork 精益模板
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0211
C. Ko, Jiun-De Kuo
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引用次数: 2
Impact of Gender Bias on Career Development &Work Engagement in the Oaec Industry & Lean Practice 性别偏见对Oaec行业职业发展和工作投入的影响及精益实践
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0496
P. Arroyo, Annett Schöttle, R. Christensen, T. Alves, D. Costa, Kristen Parrish, C. Tsao
This paper examines findings from a gender bias study in the Owner, Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (OAEC) industry. By definition, a bias is a deviation from what is normal, which is defined by social norms. If different attitudes towards male vs. female co-workers exist, then one group may gain subtle yet impactful advantages in career development and work engagement. To what extent does this happen within the OAEC industry, including lean construction practice? While several industries studied the negative impact of gender bias on women in the workplace, this has not been studied in the lean construction community. Thus, this study fills the gap. Lean is based on respect for people and continuous improvement. Do these principles translate into more equitable experiences in promoting ideas, and in career development and work engagement for men and women in the OAEC industry? Regardless, if gender biases are acknowledged, then what programs exist or might exist to provide support to the disadvantaged group and level the playing field? The authors addressed these questions by administering a survey over social networks. This paper highlights initial results to raise awareness of the existence and impact of gender bias and begin exploring methods to overcome it.
本文考察了业主、建筑、工程和施工(OAEC)行业性别偏见研究的结果。根据定义,偏见是一种偏离正常的行为,这是由社会规范定义的。如果存在对男女同事的不同态度,那么一个群体可能在职业发展和工作投入方面获得微妙但有影响力的优势。这种情况在OAEC行业(包括精益建筑实践)中发生的程度如何?虽然有几个行业研究了性别偏见对工作场所女性的负面影响,但这在精益建筑界还没有得到研究。因此,本研究填补了这一空白。精益是基于对人的尊重和持续改进。这些原则能否转化为OAEC行业中男女在促进思想、职业发展和工作投入方面更公平的经验?无论如何,如果承认性别偏见,那么存在或可能存在哪些计划来为弱势群体提供支持并创造公平的竞争环境?作者通过在社交网络上进行调查来解决这些问题。本文重点介绍了初步结果,以提高人们对性别偏见的存在及其影响的认识,并开始探索克服性别偏见的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Integrated Project Delivery for Infrastructure Projects in Peru 秘鲁基础设施项目综合项目交付
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0506
Sulyn Gomez, G. Ballard, Nader Naderpajouh, Santiago Ruiz
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引用次数: 9
Digitization for Customer Delight in Ready Mix Concrete Business in India 印度预拌混凝土业务的数字化客户满意度
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0427
A. Mathew, Mehernosh Pooniwala
The concrete industry in India is subjected to challenges such as aggressive work schedules, space constraints and requirement of concrete with high strength and quality which has created an increasing awareness of Ready Mix Concrete (RMC) due to its many advantages. However, RMC Industry has been always being plagued by issues such as ensuring proper understanding of customer requirements, tracking of product delivery during transit from manufacturing plant to site, unceasing follow ups, and planning error free concrete pours. Improper handling of these issues leads to losses in man-hour, time and quality and cause customer dissatisfaction. In this age of digitization, a leading RMC company felt the need to formulate a customer service oriented mobile based application (App) for addressing customer concerns. In order to make the App relevant with real-time updates, the organisation mapped customer issues. This paper elaborates the journey for the development of RMC App and explains how it serves as a virtual assistant to enhance the customer experience by easy tracking and real-time product updates right from the concrete booking to delivery at project sites. The approach for App development based on Lean principles is brought out in the paper, covering strong orientation for customer value creation, innovative approach for operational efficiency and waste minimization by continuous improvement etc.
印度的混凝土行业面临着诸如积极的工作时间表,空间限制以及对高强度和高质量混凝土的要求等挑战,这使得人们对预拌混凝土(RMC)的认识日益提高,因为它具有许多优势。然而,RMC工业一直受到诸如确保正确理解客户需求,从制造工厂到现场的运输过程中跟踪产品交付,不断的跟踪和计划无差错的混凝土浇铸等问题的困扰。这些问题处理不当会造成工时、时间和质量的损失,并引起客户的不满。在这个数字化时代,一家领先的RMC公司认为有必要制定一个面向客户服务的基于移动的应用程序(App)来解决客户的问题。为了使App与实时更新相关,该组织绘制了客户问题图。本文详细阐述了RMC App的开发历程,并解释了它如何作为一个虚拟助手,通过从具体预订到项目现场交付的轻松跟踪和实时产品更新来增强客户体验。本文提出了基于精益原则的App开发方法,包括以创造客户价值为导向,通过持续改进提高运营效率和减少浪费等创新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Supply Chain Management in Construction From a Production Theory Perspective 生产理论视角下的建筑业供应链管理
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0538
R. Broft, L. Koskela
Production management in construction is moving away from conventional construction management. The correctives to this model have been explicitly or implicitly based on flow and value principles. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is often presented as suitable for efficient management of construction production, but its successful implementation in the industry remains limited, particularly at the lower tiers of the construction supply chain. This paper takes a closer look at SCM – an analysis from the production perspective might help to create a better understanding of the concept and the key principles presented could be prescriptive in the further development of SCM in construction.
建筑业的生产管理正在脱离传统的施工管理。对这一模型的修正已明确或含蓄地基于流程和价值原则。供应链管理(SCM)通常被认为适用于建筑生产的有效管理,但其在行业中的成功实施仍然有限,特别是在建筑供应链的较低层次。本文对供应链管理进行了更深入的研究——从生产的角度进行分析可能有助于更好地理解这一概念,所提出的关键原则可能对供应链管理在建设中的进一步发展具有指导性作用。
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引用次数: 8
Indicators for Observing Elements of Linguistic Action Perspective in Last Planner® System Last Planner®系统中语言行为视角观察要素的指标
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0441
L. A. Salazar, G. Ballard, P. Arroyo, L. Alarcón
ABSTRACT The implementation of the Last Planner® System increases the reliability of planning and performance levels through the management of commitments. So far, the conversations during which commitments are set at planning meetings have not been analyzed in sufficient depth. However, this analysis is essential to generate reliable commitments that reduce the uncertainty and variability of projects. The research reported in this paper moves toward this analysis by developing indicators of commitments based on the Linguistic Action Perspective, developed by Fernando Flores. Indicators of commitments (i.e. definition of roles and responsibilities, declaration of the relevance of each commitment); requests and promises (i.e. making the deadline explicit); and foundations of trust (i.e. reliability), were developed and tested based on the methodology “Design Science Research”. To verify the feasibility of measuring these indicators, a pilot test was conducted, which consisted of a Villego® Simulation applied to a group of students. Given the nature of this simulation, only part of the indicators could be verified, while the remainder is currently being verified through observation on site. The indicators that were validated are a useful tool to measure, control and improve the management of commitments in planning meetings, as they provide fast and specific feedback on these aspects, which undoubtedly enriches implementation of the Last Planner® System.
Last Planner®系统的实施通过对承诺的管理,提高了计划和绩效水平的可靠性。到目前为止,在规划会议上作出承诺的对话还没有得到足够深入的分析。然而,这种分析对于产生减少项目的不确定性和可变性的可靠承诺是必不可少的。本文报告的研究通过基于费尔南多·弗洛雷斯(Fernando Flores)提出的语言行为视角(Linguistic Action Perspective)开发承诺指标,向这一分析迈进。承诺指标(即定义角色和责任,宣布每项承诺的相关性);请求和承诺(即明确截止日期);和信任的基础(即可靠性),是根据“设计科学研究”的方法开发和测试的。为了验证测量这些指标的可行性,进行了一项试点测试,其中包括应用于一组学生的Villego®模拟。鉴于这一模拟的性质,只有部分指标可以得到核实,其余指标目前正在通过现场观察加以核实。经过验证的指标是衡量、控制和改进计划会议承诺管理的有用工具,因为它们在这些方面提供了快速和具体的反馈,这无疑丰富了Last Planner®系统的实施。
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引用次数: 13
Using Taktplanning and Taktcontrol in Production Projects – Comparsion of Construction and Equipment Phases 在生产项目中使用进度计划和进度控制——施工和设备阶段的比较
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.24928/2018/0477
J. Dlouhy, Svenja Oprach, M. Binninger, Tobias Richter, Shervin Haghsheno
Takt Planning and Takt Control (TPTC) as a method for construction processes shows the potential for improving time aspects of construction sites in many practical examples. A first example of using the method of TPTC not only in construction but also in following processes such as equipment installation (production projects) indicates equal improvements. By analyzing 10 construction and seven equipment installation case studies, this paper gives an overview of similarities and differences in construction and equipment projects. Furthermore, it describes adjustments for using TPTC in the construction stage as well as in the equipment assembly stage and picturing each stage’s timetable in one common Takt Plan for increased clarity. Interlinking planning phases of both stages shows not only, that further time savings in implementation phases can be realized, but also that overall project planning can benefit from considering interfaces to upstream and downstream phases.
Takt Planning and Takt Control (TPTC)作为施工过程的一种方法,在许多实际实例中显示出改善施工现场时间方面的潜力。第一个使用TPTC方法的例子不仅在施工中,而且在设备安装(生产项目)等后续过程中也表明了同样的改进。本文通过对10个建筑和7个设备安装案例的分析,概述了建筑和设备项目的异同。此外,它还描述了在施工阶段和设备装配阶段使用TPTC的调整,并将每个阶段的时间表绘制在一个共同的Takt计划中,以增加清晰度。这两个阶段的相互关联的规划阶段不仅表明在实施阶段可以进一步节省时间,而且还表明考虑到上游和下游阶段的接口可以使整个项目规划受益。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
26th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction
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