Pub Date : 2023-05-19eCollection Date: 2023-06-01DOI: 10.3390/neurosci4020011
Ian W Garner, Craig D Murray, Fiona J R Eccles, Nicolò Zarotti, Jane Simpson
While the direct effects of COVID-19 caused widespread global suffering and death, the indirect impacts-via public health preventative measures and a reduction in health and social care services-were also devastating for many. More recently, it has also become increasingly apparent that such measures have had disproportionate effects, exacerbating existing health inequalities. For caregivers of individuals with chronic illness, the effects have been marked and particularly so for informal caregivers of individuals with complex neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's. Nine informal caregivers (all partners: three men and six women) of individuals with Parkinson's in England took part in individual semi-structured interviews on two occasions (December 2021/January 2022 and May 2022). The interviews focused on their experiences of supporting their partner, their own challenges, and how these evolved and changed post-lockdown. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to inform the methodology and analysis. Four themes were identified: (i) lockdown-induced revolution and evolution of the relationship dynamic with partner; (ii) fighting to be seen, heard, and understood in healthcare encounters; (iii) making sense of, and adapting to, risk in a time of COVID-19; and (iv) managing isolation and need for support during and after lockdown. The negative effects from both the lockdowns and the depletion of usual health and support services were apparent for all participants. Existing vulnerabilities from being a carer of an individual with complex needs were also exacerbated. As caregivers worked hard to mitigate these effects for their partners as much as possible, the long-term impact of such intense psychological and practical effort was often considerable. Ultimately, a simple restoration of pre-lockdown support levels may be insufficient to facilitate a successful return to optimal levels of support and wellbeing.
{"title":"\"I Feel Like I Work Full-Time for Parkinson's\": A Longitudinal Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experiences of Parkinson's Informal Caregivers during COVID-19 in England.","authors":"Ian W Garner, Craig D Murray, Fiona J R Eccles, Nicolò Zarotti, Jane Simpson","doi":"10.3390/neurosci4020011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/neurosci4020011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the direct effects of COVID-19 caused widespread global suffering and death, the indirect impacts-via public health preventative measures and a reduction in health and social care services-were also devastating for many. More recently, it has also become increasingly apparent that such measures have had disproportionate effects, exacerbating existing health inequalities. For caregivers of individuals with chronic illness, the effects have been marked and particularly so for informal caregivers of individuals with complex neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's. Nine informal caregivers (all partners: three men and six women) of individuals with Parkinson's in England took part in individual semi-structured interviews on two occasions (December 2021/January 2022 and May 2022). The interviews focused on their experiences of supporting their partner, their own challenges, and how these evolved and changed post-lockdown. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to inform the methodology and analysis. Four themes were identified: (i) lockdown-induced revolution and evolution of the relationship dynamic with partner; (ii) fighting to be seen, heard, and understood in healthcare encounters; (iii) making sense of, and adapting to, risk in a time of COVID-19; and (iv) managing isolation and need for support during and after lockdown. The negative effects from both the lockdowns and the depletion of usual health and support services were apparent for all participants. Existing vulnerabilities from being a carer of an individual with complex needs were also exacerbated. As caregivers worked hard to mitigate these effects for their partners as much as possible, the long-term impact of such intense psychological and practical effort was often considerable. Ultimately, a simple restoration of pre-lockdown support levels may be insufficient to facilitate a successful return to optimal levels of support and wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"12 1","pages":"105-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81858755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reporting World War II","authors":"J. Hamilton","doi":"10.2307/jj.1011736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.1011736","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"40 1","pages":"386 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42194288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.5114/cipp/159726
Lucyna T Bakieras
The subject of this paper deals with the theoretical area of personality psychology and life-span psychology. This paper presents a novel approach to the social context of personal development, as a certain terminological gap regarding the category of the developmental figure has been observed. I propose that the developmental figure be defined, analogically to the attachment figure or the transition figure, as an individual who has significant meaning to another person's psychosocial development. Developmental figures can be categorized on the basis of various criteria; for example, based on the type of implications for development we can identify progressive and regressive figures; based on the strength of the influence we identify primary and secondary figures; based on the type of social relation we can identify direct and indirect figures; and based on the duration of the influence we can identify sporadic and frequent interactions.
{"title":"Developmental figures: an attempt at conceptualization and classification.","authors":"Lucyna T Bakieras","doi":"10.5114/cipp/159726","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/159726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subject of this paper deals with the theoretical area of personality psychology and life-span psychology. This paper presents a novel approach to the social context of personal development, as a certain terminological gap regarding the category of the developmental figure has been observed. I propose that the developmental figure be defined, analogically to the attachment figure or the transition figure, as an individual who has significant meaning to another person's psychosocial development. Developmental figures can be categorized on the basis of various criteria; for example, based on the type of implications for development we can identify progressive and regressive figures; based on the strength of the influence we identify primary and secondary figures; based on the type of social relation we can identify direct and indirect figures; and based on the duration of the influence we can identify sporadic and frequent interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"11 1","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10535554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81850712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2199254
Mary V. Heckman, Giulia Taurino
Abstract Through an interdisciplinary examination of a bourgeoning technology, this essay grapples with the opportunities and challenges of using a type of artificial intelligence called machine learning to catalog and make sense of the unpreceded number of digital materials now available to media historians. The authors—a journalism professor and an AI researcher—describe their recent interdisciplinary efforts to use machine learning to explore a collection of roughly 5.7 million photographic negatives donated to their institution by the Boston Globe. Their work illuminates the tremendous power of emerging computational methods to uncover more complete histories, but it also serves as a reminder that such tools should be used with caution.
{"title":"Shifting the Archival Gaze: A Case for Leveraging Computational Methods to Uncover Media History Narratives","authors":"Mary V. Heckman, Giulia Taurino","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2199254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2199254","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Through an interdisciplinary examination of a bourgeoning technology, this essay grapples with the opportunities and challenges of using a type of artificial intelligence called machine learning to catalog and make sense of the unpreceded number of digital materials now available to media historians. The authors—a journalism professor and an AI researcher—describe their recent interdisciplinary efforts to use machine learning to explore a collection of roughly 5.7 million photographic negatives donated to their institution by the Boston Globe. Their work illuminates the tremendous power of emerging computational methods to uncover more complete histories, but it also serves as a reminder that such tools should be used with caution.","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"40 1","pages":"222 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46607718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2200325
K. Quinn, Mary M. Cronin
The largest industrial disaster ever to have occurred on American soil at the time, the gruesome January 10, 1860, collapse of the Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts, provides an opportunity to study early breaking news reporting in the nineteenth century narrative and illustrated press. Using newspapers at the local, regional, and national level, the study examines reporting strategies, story structures, and the journalistic standards undergirding this content. This research finds that by 1860 newspapers had adopted a scope of reporting strategies and editorial practices that fulfilled complex, evolving roles for the press. It also reveals that, despite the scope and sensational nature of the calamity, the story quickly transitioned from news, to myth, to forgotten in national memory.
{"title":"“Our Reporter Is Just Come From The Ruins”: Reporting Practices and the 1860 Pemberton Mill Disaster","authors":"K. Quinn, Mary M. Cronin","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2200325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2200325","url":null,"abstract":"The largest industrial disaster ever to have occurred on American soil at the time, the gruesome January 10, 1860, collapse of the Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachusetts, provides an opportunity to study early breaking news reporting in the nineteenth century narrative and illustrated press. Using newspapers at the local, regional, and national level, the study examines reporting strategies, story structures, and the journalistic standards undergirding this content. This research finds that by 1860 newspapers had adopted a scope of reporting strategies and editorial practices that fulfilled complex, evolving roles for the press. It also reveals that, despite the scope and sensational nature of the calamity, the story quickly transitioned from news, to myth, to forgotten in national memory.","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"40 1","pages":"140 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45981445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2200391
Carolina Velloso
Beginning with the release of The Birth of a Nation through the mid-twentieth century, the film industry began featuring African Americans on the silver screen. The emergence of race films—major film productions made by African Americans and featuring Black artists—were frequently reported and reviewed in the Black press. This examination of the coverage of race films in three major Black newspapers, the Chicago Defender, Pittsburgh Courier, and Baltimore Afro-American, traces coverage of race films by the Black press between 1915 and 1950. This study builds on literature from journalism and communication studies, as well as film studies to illustrate how the Black press fulfilled its role as an advocacy press and served its mission of racial uplift through its race film coverage. It argues that Black newspapers achieved this by giving positive coverage to race films, their actors, producers, and crew members, and by unreservedly criticizing Black members of the entertainment industry if the Black press perceived that they were acting in ways detrimental to the greater cause of improving attitudes toward the Black community.
{"title":"Race Films and the Black Press: Representation and Resistance","authors":"Carolina Velloso","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2200391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2200391","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning with the release of The Birth of a Nation through the mid-twentieth century, the film industry began featuring African Americans on the silver screen. The emergence of race films—major film productions made by African Americans and featuring Black artists—were frequently reported and reviewed in the Black press. This examination of the coverage of race films in three major Black newspapers, the Chicago Defender, Pittsburgh Courier, and Baltimore Afro-American, traces coverage of race films by the Black press between 1915 and 1950. This study builds on literature from journalism and communication studies, as well as film studies to illustrate how the Black press fulfilled its role as an advocacy press and served its mission of racial uplift through its race film coverage. It argues that Black newspapers achieved this by giving positive coverage to race films, their actors, producers, and crew members, and by unreservedly criticizing Black members of the entertainment industry if the Black press perceived that they were acting in ways detrimental to the greater cause of improving attitudes toward the Black community.","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"40 1","pages":"192 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46186739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2198469
Sid Bedingfield
{"title":"Century’s Witness: The Extraordinary Life of Journalist Wallace Carroll","authors":"Sid Bedingfield","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2198469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2198469","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"40 1","pages":"245 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45913941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/08821127.2023.2200056
L. Andolfi
{"title":"Digital Archives and Cultural Heritage: The Inathèque, http://Inatheque.ina.fr/","authors":"L. Andolfi","doi":"10.1080/08821127.2023.2200056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2023.2200056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41962,"journal":{"name":"American Journalism","volume":"40 1","pages":"258 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42418086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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