Abstract In the present study, laboratory model tests and numerical analysis are carried out to study the immediate, and consolidation settlement of shallow foundations rested on clayey soil. The purpose is to evaluate the immediate and consolidation settlement of different cases and compares them with the calculated values using theoretical equations; the numerical analysis is utilized by the Plaxis-3D program for developing the finite element model, whereas the soft soil model was used for simulation. It was studied the effect of three parameters on the behavior of the foundation for immediate and consolidation settlement, these parameters are soil cohesion, the pressure applied on the foundation, and layer thickness. The obtained results indicated that the simulation using the soft soil model underestimates the immediate settlement by about 30 % and gives excellent results for predicting consolidation settlement. The total settlement of shallow raft foundation rested on a clay layer of depth three times raft width to one time was increased by about 66 %. The consolidation settlement is much higher than the immediate in clayey soils, however, the average of immediate to consolidation settlement is equal to 0.3 % for pressure 20 kPa, and increases with rising applied pressure until it reaches 1.2 %. The numerical analysis revealed a lower value than the calculated using the theoretical equation for immediate settlement, while for consolidation settlement, the results are close except for the soft clay condition cu = 20 kPa.
{"title":"Study Immediate and Consolidation Settlement of Shallow Foundations","authors":"M. Waheed, N. Asmael","doi":"10.2478/cee-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, laboratory model tests and numerical analysis are carried out to study the immediate, and consolidation settlement of shallow foundations rested on clayey soil. The purpose is to evaluate the immediate and consolidation settlement of different cases and compares them with the calculated values using theoretical equations; the numerical analysis is utilized by the Plaxis-3D program for developing the finite element model, whereas the soft soil model was used for simulation. It was studied the effect of three parameters on the behavior of the foundation for immediate and consolidation settlement, these parameters are soil cohesion, the pressure applied on the foundation, and layer thickness. The obtained results indicated that the simulation using the soft soil model underestimates the immediate settlement by about 30 % and gives excellent results for predicting consolidation settlement. The total settlement of shallow raft foundation rested on a clay layer of depth three times raft width to one time was increased by about 66 %. The consolidation settlement is much higher than the immediate in clayey soils, however, the average of immediate to consolidation settlement is equal to 0.3 % for pressure 20 kPa, and increases with rising applied pressure until it reaches 1.2 %. The numerical analysis revealed a lower value than the calculated using the theoretical equation for immediate settlement, while for consolidation settlement, the results are close except for the soft clay condition cu = 20 kPa.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48054813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Glass fibers reinforced polymer (GFRP) were used to longitudinally and transversally 12 columns and while the other 4 columns were reinforced with steel or steel and GFRP as reference specimens. This research dealt with several parameters under different loading conditions, such as the reinforcing material and spacing between ties. This study aims to find out the ability of the reinforced columns with GFRP to bear the loads. In addition, investigate the mode of failure in these columns and their appropriateness in the structures since the columns are compression members. The tested results revealed that the concentric loading columns give higher resistance than their eccentrically loaded counterparts. Also, the hybrid column (steel and GFRP) had the highest peak load compared with the fully reinforced steel and GFRP columns. In addition, the fully GFRP RC- column had an ultimate load slightly less than its steel counterpart under the same loading condition.
{"title":"Structural Behavior of GFRP - RC Slender Columns Under Various Eccentricity Loading Conditions","authors":"R. Z. Hamed, H. Hassan","doi":"10.2478/cee-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Glass fibers reinforced polymer (GFRP) were used to longitudinally and transversally 12 columns and while the other 4 columns were reinforced with steel or steel and GFRP as reference specimens. This research dealt with several parameters under different loading conditions, such as the reinforcing material and spacing between ties. This study aims to find out the ability of the reinforced columns with GFRP to bear the loads. In addition, investigate the mode of failure in these columns and their appropriateness in the structures since the columns are compression members. The tested results revealed that the concentric loading columns give higher resistance than their eccentrically loaded counterparts. Also, the hybrid column (steel and GFRP) had the highest peak load compared with the fully reinforced steel and GFRP columns. In addition, the fully GFRP RC- column had an ultimate load slightly less than its steel counterpart under the same loading condition.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41425913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Since the use of additives supplies the different properties required to develop better-performing roadways, modification with additives has been used as one of the attractive alternatives when the base asphalt does not satisfy the requirements for traffic load, climate variations, and paving structure. This study evaluates the effect of additive materials of improving the ability of the surface layer to withstand permanent deformation. In addition, it discusses to what extent using waste materials as additive materials affects permanent deformation resistance and the extent of using waste materials as alternative modifiers to commercial polymers to enhance permanent deformation resistance. In this study, the simulation using the ABAQUS program under the conditions of using different percentages of the additives, changes in the thickness of the surface layer, and increasing the temperature on permanent deformation of the asphalt layer was investigated. The simulation results showed that using modified mixtures improved the Hot Mix Asphalt HMA's properties and decreased the mixtures' temperature susceptibility, which manifested as a decrease in permanent deformation (lower rutting depth) when compared to an unmodified mixture. Furthermore, using waste materials led to the greatest decrease in permanent deformation among all models.
{"title":"Permanent Deformation Evaluation of Modified Asphaltic Pavement Based on Numerical Simulation Models","authors":"Akram Alhelyani, Shuwen Zhang","doi":"10.2478/cee-2023-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2023-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Since the use of additives supplies the different properties required to develop better-performing roadways, modification with additives has been used as one of the attractive alternatives when the base asphalt does not satisfy the requirements for traffic load, climate variations, and paving structure. This study evaluates the effect of additive materials of improving the ability of the surface layer to withstand permanent deformation. In addition, it discusses to what extent using waste materials as additive materials affects permanent deformation resistance and the extent of using waste materials as alternative modifiers to commercial polymers to enhance permanent deformation resistance. In this study, the simulation using the ABAQUS program under the conditions of using different percentages of the additives, changes in the thickness of the surface layer, and increasing the temperature on permanent deformation of the asphalt layer was investigated. The simulation results showed that using modified mixtures improved the Hot Mix Asphalt HMA's properties and decreased the mixtures' temperature susceptibility, which manifested as a decrease in permanent deformation (lower rutting depth) when compared to an unmodified mixture. Furthermore, using waste materials led to the greatest decrease in permanent deformation among all models.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49245112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Roads play an important role as a connection between locations and can facilitate the efficient mobility of people's economic activities. Five tests are involved in evaluating of the porous concrete, such as the slump test, compressive strength test, permeability test, flexure test, and load capacity test (loading test). Meanwhile, there are three types of soil: peat, clay, and hard. The compressive strength test measured an average compressive strength between 24.17-27.36 MPa. According to the permeability test, the average speed of water infiltration on the porous concrete rigid pavement was 20 seconds on clay soil and 55.344 seconds on peat soil, with large areas drained on porous concrete rigid pavement of 346.185 cm2 with 5 litres of water used, whereas it was 6.554 seconds with a flow area of 288.75 cm2 and 2 litres of water used on hard soil. The Loading Test was conducted with a 10-ton. The maximum difference in deflection was 1-2 cm. In addition, there were no cracks in the porous concrete rigid pavement with a porous concrete rigid pavement thickness of 15 cm in three different soil conditions. A track with porous concrete rigid pavement on clay, hard soil, or peat soil can accommodate a maximum payload of 10 tons.
{"title":"The Porous Concrete for Rigid Pavement","authors":"A. Supriyadi, E. Sutandar","doi":"10.2478/cee-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Roads play an important role as a connection between locations and can facilitate the efficient mobility of people's economic activities. Five tests are involved in evaluating of the porous concrete, such as the slump test, compressive strength test, permeability test, flexure test, and load capacity test (loading test). Meanwhile, there are three types of soil: peat, clay, and hard. The compressive strength test measured an average compressive strength between 24.17-27.36 MPa. According to the permeability test, the average speed of water infiltration on the porous concrete rigid pavement was 20 seconds on clay soil and 55.344 seconds on peat soil, with large areas drained on porous concrete rigid pavement of 346.185 cm2 with 5 litres of water used, whereas it was 6.554 seconds with a flow area of 288.75 cm2 and 2 litres of water used on hard soil. The Loading Test was conducted with a 10-ton. The maximum difference in deflection was 1-2 cm. In addition, there were no cracks in the porous concrete rigid pavement with a porous concrete rigid pavement thickness of 15 cm in three different soil conditions. A track with porous concrete rigid pavement on clay, hard soil, or peat soil can accommodate a maximum payload of 10 tons.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46155579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Awchat, Abhishek Patil, Ashish More, Gopal Dhanjode
Abstract Due to technological developments in last decade, new methods of seismic evaluation are in use like simulation based, algorithm based, probabilistic, software based etc. These developments have enabled researchers to move from linear to non-linear methods of analysis. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is performance evaluation method where a suite of ground motions applied to structure are further scaled to particular levels of seismic intensity. Seismic fragility curves become significant in estimation of structures risk possibility from the point of view of potential earthquakes and helps in predicting the economic consequences for forthcoming earthquakes. The paper reflects IDA and seismic fragility analysis of ground storey + 7 floor (G + 7) reinforced concrete frame subjected to suite of eleven ground motions. Primary objective was to perform equivalent static and linear-dynamic analysis to meet the National and International codal requirements. Then, pushover analysis is carried out by introducing parametric auto hinges as per ASCE 41-13 tables. To carry out pushover analysis, both geometric and material non-linearity was introduced. Strong ground motions were selected as per suitable criteria of seismic intensity. IDA is then carried out as per SeismoStruct 2022 software and using IDA curves, the fragility analysis was carried out. The results of study found useful for researchers to predict the probability of damage of the structure under earthquakes.
{"title":"Incremental Dynamic Analysis and Seismic Fragility Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame","authors":"G. Awchat, Abhishek Patil, Ashish More, Gopal Dhanjode","doi":"10.2478/cee-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to technological developments in last decade, new methods of seismic evaluation are in use like simulation based, algorithm based, probabilistic, software based etc. These developments have enabled researchers to move from linear to non-linear methods of analysis. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is performance evaluation method where a suite of ground motions applied to structure are further scaled to particular levels of seismic intensity. Seismic fragility curves become significant in estimation of structures risk possibility from the point of view of potential earthquakes and helps in predicting the economic consequences for forthcoming earthquakes. The paper reflects IDA and seismic fragility analysis of ground storey + 7 floor (G + 7) reinforced concrete frame subjected to suite of eleven ground motions. Primary objective was to perform equivalent static and linear-dynamic analysis to meet the National and International codal requirements. Then, pushover analysis is carried out by introducing parametric auto hinges as per ASCE 41-13 tables. To carry out pushover analysis, both geometric and material non-linearity was introduced. Strong ground motions were selected as per suitable criteria of seismic intensity. IDA is then carried out as per SeismoStruct 2022 software and using IDA curves, the fragility analysis was carried out. The results of study found useful for researchers to predict the probability of damage of the structure under earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45332227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Juraszek, M. Gwóźdź-Lasoń, Filip Gago, R. Bulko
Abstract In civil engineering geosynthetics play the role of reinforcing the ground and strengthening the foundation structures of engineering facilities. This paper shows the possibility of using a geotextile, a geonet and a geogrid for the design of walking, cycle and quad-bike paths in the investigated mine waste dump sites. The functions of the solutions designed for linear investments in areas affected by mining activity and rehabilitated into a sports and recreation area must be monitored. The paper discusses the scope and the method of FBG monitoring, the data of which illustrate the behaviour of structures with embedded geosynthetic materials with regard to variables such as the structure service life and durability and the need to meet all limit states. The impact of the choice of designs with geosynthetics in sustainable development can be quantified in terms of the carbon footprint. A site-rehabilitation working design can also be analysed economically by estimating the market, investment and replacement values of a construction investment. In addition to key technical aspects, the discussed solutions in anthropogenic areas also ensure significant sustainable development of the Benefits system.
{"title":"FBG Monitoring of a Communication Paths and Roadways with a Geosynthetic Systems on Mining Heaps","authors":"J. Juraszek, M. Gwóźdź-Lasoń, Filip Gago, R. Bulko","doi":"10.2478/cee-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In civil engineering geosynthetics play the role of reinforcing the ground and strengthening the foundation structures of engineering facilities. This paper shows the possibility of using a geotextile, a geonet and a geogrid for the design of walking, cycle and quad-bike paths in the investigated mine waste dump sites. The functions of the solutions designed for linear investments in areas affected by mining activity and rehabilitated into a sports and recreation area must be monitored. The paper discusses the scope and the method of FBG monitoring, the data of which illustrate the behaviour of structures with embedded geosynthetic materials with regard to variables such as the structure service life and durability and the need to meet all limit states. The impact of the choice of designs with geosynthetics in sustainable development can be quantified in terms of the carbon footprint. A site-rehabilitation working design can also be analysed economically by estimating the market, investment and replacement values of a construction investment. In addition to key technical aspects, the discussed solutions in anthropogenic areas also ensure significant sustainable development of the Benefits system.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41441463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Bulko, J. Mužík, M. Gwóźdź-Lasoń, J. Juraszek, Andrea Segalini
Abstract At the beginning of the 16th century, the original inhabitants of Čachtice built a large complex of tunnels and cellars under the village, today called the Čachtice underground. The underground protected people from war conflicts, most recently during World War II, as anti-aircraft shelters. Over time, the underground lost its significance. The corridors were walled up, covered with rubble, and collapsed due to construction work. Later, a part of the underground was repaired, and historical events occurred in such a preserved part. Due to a lawsuit, the Čachtice underground was eventually closed to the public, and it was necessary to test the stability of the walls of the Čachtice underground. A 3D model of the underground was created, and three areas were identified in which numerical calculations were performed in Plaxis 2D software. The whole underground is located in loess soil. The Čachtice underground is stable if the conditions do not change diametrically. The calculated factors of safety support this assumption.
{"title":"Stability of the Čachtice Underground Corridors","authors":"R. Bulko, J. Mužík, M. Gwóźdź-Lasoń, J. Juraszek, Andrea Segalini","doi":"10.2478/cee-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At the beginning of the 16th century, the original inhabitants of Čachtice built a large complex of tunnels and cellars under the village, today called the Čachtice underground. The underground protected people from war conflicts, most recently during World War II, as anti-aircraft shelters. Over time, the underground lost its significance. The corridors were walled up, covered with rubble, and collapsed due to construction work. Later, a part of the underground was repaired, and historical events occurred in such a preserved part. Due to a lawsuit, the Čachtice underground was eventually closed to the public, and it was necessary to test the stability of the walls of the Čachtice underground. A 3D model of the underground was created, and three areas were identified in which numerical calculations were performed in Plaxis 2D software. The whole underground is located in loess soil. The Čachtice underground is stable if the conditions do not change diametrically. The calculated factors of safety support this assumption.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45479049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The asphalt-concrete pavement is an essential component of the bridge deck. Its stress characteristics are different from the general pavement structure. This research employs finite element technology (ANSYS) to model a three-span bridge and pavement layer in order to ascertain the stress distribution and provide a deeper knowledge of the mechanical properties of the pavement layer on concrete bridge decks. The effects of varying the thickness and stiffness of the deck pavement on the stress distribution in its different layers were investigated. Stress absorption is increased as the stiffness of the deck layers increases, and with increases in pavement thickness, stress on pavement layers decreases. The response of deck pavement under moving load, both under full bonding and sliding conditions, was simulated to determine stress distribution. By comparing the response under the full bonding and sliding conditions, it was found that stress induced on layers during sliding is high as compared to the full bonding condition; pavement layers will be prone to failure if sliding occurs between layers.
{"title":"Stress Analysis of Hollow Slab Bridge Deck Pavement","authors":"Rhitika Lamichhane, Zhang Shuwen, Zheng Pengfei, Suraj Bahadur Timilsena","doi":"10.2478/cee-2022-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2022-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The asphalt-concrete pavement is an essential component of the bridge deck. Its stress characteristics are different from the general pavement structure. This research employs finite element technology (ANSYS) to model a three-span bridge and pavement layer in order to ascertain the stress distribution and provide a deeper knowledge of the mechanical properties of the pavement layer on concrete bridge decks. The effects of varying the thickness and stiffness of the deck pavement on the stress distribution in its different layers were investigated. Stress absorption is increased as the stiffness of the deck layers increases, and with increases in pavement thickness, stress on pavement layers decreases. The response of deck pavement under moving load, both under full bonding and sliding conditions, was simulated to determine stress distribution. By comparing the response under the full bonding and sliding conditions, it was found that stress induced on layers during sliding is high as compared to the full bonding condition; pavement layers will be prone to failure if sliding occurs between layers.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41538470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esraa Khudhair Mohsin Abuzaid, J. Al-Bayati, M. H. Mohammed
Abstract Recycling demolition waste materials as construction materials offers environmental as well as economic benefits by protecting virgin materials and reducing overall costs of project. This paper presents an experimental investigation on flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams made with coarse aggregate fully 100 % or partially 50 % replaced by crushed concrete or crushed bricks as waste materials in full or half depth of beams. Nine beams are tested over a simply supported span, one with full natural aggregate as reference and the others with waste aggregate in different ratios and depths (four with crushed concrete and four with crushed bricks). Results show that the structural behavior of beams with waste aggregates is similar to the reference beam with strength reduction of 3 – 20 %. Crushed concrete beams show higher strength and stiffer behavior (in general) than crushed bricks. Also, increasing replacement ratio from 50 % to 100 % or replacement depth from half to full reduced strength by about 10 % only which encourage utilizing maximum quantity of waste construction materials in concrete structures.
{"title":"Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams Containing Waste Crushed Concrete and Bricks","authors":"Esraa Khudhair Mohsin Abuzaid, J. Al-Bayati, M. H. Mohammed","doi":"10.2478/cee-2022-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2022-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recycling demolition waste materials as construction materials offers environmental as well as economic benefits by protecting virgin materials and reducing overall costs of project. This paper presents an experimental investigation on flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams made with coarse aggregate fully 100 % or partially 50 % replaced by crushed concrete or crushed bricks as waste materials in full or half depth of beams. Nine beams are tested over a simply supported span, one with full natural aggregate as reference and the others with waste aggregate in different ratios and depths (four with crushed concrete and four with crushed bricks). Results show that the structural behavior of beams with waste aggregates is similar to the reference beam with strength reduction of 3 – 20 %. Crushed concrete beams show higher strength and stiffer behavior (in general) than crushed bricks. Also, increasing replacement ratio from 50 % to 100 % or replacement depth from half to full reduced strength by about 10 % only which encourage utilizing maximum quantity of waste construction materials in concrete structures.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46967376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper deals with the process of environmental risk assessment from exposure to noise from tram traffic. As part of the monitoring of the acoustic situation, measurements of sound pressure levels A were made and evaluated. The survey confirmed the existence of an acoustic risk in the form of a disturbing wailing sound when a tram vehicle passes through a directional curve with a radius of less than 50m. In addition to causing annoyance, the tonal variation of sound above 65 dB causes frostiness, cardiovascular, psychological and auditory problems, thereby damaging the health of people living and moving around the transport routes.
{"title":"Noise Annoyance from Tram Traffic in the Urban Environment","authors":"E. Panulinová, S. Harabinova","doi":"10.2478/cee-2022-0063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2022-0063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper deals with the process of environmental risk assessment from exposure to noise from tram traffic. As part of the monitoring of the acoustic situation, measurements of sound pressure levels A were made and evaluated. The survey confirmed the existence of an acoustic risk in the form of a disturbing wailing sound when a tram vehicle passes through a directional curve with a radius of less than 50m. In addition to causing annoyance, the tonal variation of sound above 65 dB causes frostiness, cardiovascular, psychological and auditory problems, thereby damaging the health of people living and moving around the transport routes.","PeriodicalId":42034,"journal":{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45745526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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