Background. The article presents the results of research into the most commonly used methods of psychological support in the treatment of hypertensive patients, including relaxation and meditation techniques, mindfulness training, music therapy, yoga, aromatherapy and biofeedback techniques. Selected psychological aspects of adherence to the antihypertensive treatment are reviewed. Some notes about personality-oriented counselling and psychotherapy in the treatment of hypertension are raised. Material and methods. In the search for high quality studies, mainly PubMed and EBSCO databases were used, and the journals of such publishers as Elsevier, Hindawi and the American Psychological Association. Results. Studies on methods of psychological support in hypertensive treatment are mostly controversial due to the lack of assessment of the long-term effects of the intervention, and the complexity of the subject of the study. The most convincing is to use individually selected methods based on the development of mental self-regulation skills (Jacobson’s relaxation technique, meditation, biofeedback therapy and mindfulness training). Music therapy, yoga and aromatherapy can also be helpful for patients involved in antihypertensive treatment. Using methods of psychological help, one should take into account restrictions and contraindications, as well as take some precautions. In order to increase the effectiveness of the antihypertensive therapy, it is proposed to conduct health and educational programmes for hypertensive patients, as well as short training courses on communication skills for health care workers. Conclusion. Responsible use of individually selected assistive treatment psychological methods can be helpful for people with arterial hypertension.
{"title":"Psychological methods in treatment of essential hypertension","authors":"Paweł Larionow","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The article presents the results of research into the most commonly used methods of psychological support in the treatment of hypertensive patients, including relaxation and meditation techniques, mindfulness training, music therapy, yoga, aromatherapy and biofeedback techniques. Selected psychological aspects of adherence to the antihypertensive treatment are reviewed. Some notes about personality-oriented counselling and psychotherapy in the treatment of hypertension are raised. \u0000Material and methods. In the search for high quality studies, mainly PubMed and EBSCO databases were used, and the journals of such publishers as Elsevier, Hindawi and the American Psychological Association. \u0000Results. Studies on methods of psychological support in hypertensive treatment are mostly controversial due to the lack of assessment of the long-term effects of the intervention, and the complexity of the subject of the study. The most convincing is to use individually selected methods based on the development of mental self-regulation skills (Jacobson’s relaxation technique, meditation, biofeedback therapy and mindfulness training). Music therapy, yoga and aromatherapy can also be helpful for patients involved in antihypertensive treatment. Using methods of psychological help, one should take into account restrictions and contraindications, as well as take some precautions. In order to increase the effectiveness of the antihypertensive therapy, it is proposed to conduct health and educational programmes for hypertensive patients, as well as short training courses on communication skills for health care workers. \u0000Conclusion. Responsible use of individually selected assistive treatment psychological methods can be helpful for people with arterial hypertension.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88832825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the verge of the second decade of our millennium, controlled hypertension was estimated at the range of approximately 30% to 50% among those European middle-age and older patients who were already treated. Experts agree that non-adherence to pharmacotherapy and physician-related clinical inertia are the utmost challenge in hypertension management. Although treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs with single pill combination (SPC) offers effective solution to that challenge, share of patients using SPC formulation is way under expectations. Few months of COVID-19 pandemic and repetitive lock-downs negatively impacted health condition of the whole societies. Experts report that overall cardiovascular risk profile of majority of patients worsened essentially over the course of several months of pandemic. Aggravated cardiovascular risk factors which clustered with uncontrolled hypertension calls for immediate action. Robust advocacy for wide use of SPC formulation composed of long-acting blood pressure lowering agents appears to be effective and timely getaway from this snare.
{"title":"Hypertension management in the COVID-19 era. Getaway from pandemic snares","authors":"J. Wolf, K. Narkiewicz","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0024","url":null,"abstract":"On the verge of the second decade of our millennium, controlled hypertension was estimated at the range of approximately 30% to 50% among those European middle-age and older patients who were already treated. Experts agree that non-adherence to pharmacotherapy and physician-related clinical inertia are the utmost challenge in hypertension management. Although treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs with single pill combination (SPC) offers effective solution to that challenge, share of patients using SPC formulation is way under expectations. Few months of COVID-19 pandemic and repetitive lock-downs negatively impacted health condition of the whole societies. Experts report that overall cardiovascular risk profile of majority of patients worsened essentially over the course of several months of pandemic. Aggravated cardiovascular risk factors which clustered with uncontrolled hypertension calls for immediate action. Robust advocacy for wide use of SPC formulation composed of long-acting blood pressure lowering agents appears to be effective and timely getaway from this snare.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90914019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent form of potentially reversible hypertension and coronary-pulmonary fistulas are increasingly recognized during routine coronary angiography or multidetector computed tomography for analysis of chest pain in hypertensive patients. Aldosterone hypersecretion has been associated with endothelial proliferation and pathological remodeling of the heart and arteries, though coronary artery fistulas have never been reported in patients with PA. Case presentation: The authors report the first case of PA with dilated cardiomyopathy unusually associated with electrocardiographic changes after normalization of hypokalemia and with the finding of a coronary-pulmonary fistula during coronary angiography. The clinical presentation and our diagnosis and treatment decision-making in the COVID-19 era are discussed below. Conclusions: Our case suggests a potential link between hypertensive patients with coronary artery fistulas and PA.
{"title":"Primary aldosteronism and coronary-pulmonary artery fistula: coincidence or causal link? A case report and literature review","authors":"L. Marzano","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent form of potentially reversible hypertension and coronary-pulmonary fistulas are increasingly recognized during routine coronary angiography or multidetector computed tomography for analysis of chest pain in hypertensive patients. Aldosterone hypersecretion has been associated with endothelial proliferation and pathological remodeling of the heart and arteries, though coronary artery fistulas have never been reported in patients with PA. Case presentation: The authors report the first case of PA with dilated cardiomyopathy unusually associated with electrocardiographic changes after normalization of hypokalemia and with the finding of a coronary-pulmonary fistula during coronary angiography. The clinical presentation and our diagnosis and treatment decision-making in the COVID-19 era are discussed below. Conclusions: Our case suggests a potential link between hypertensive patients with coronary artery fistulas and PA.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81094100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Shelest, O. Hryhorian, V. Sarkis-Ivanova, Y. Kovalova, V. Brek, O. Shelest
Background: Presently the level of blood pressure (BP) control is extremely unsatisfactory in hypertensive patients throughout the world. The aim of our study was to find the optimal drug therapy for patients with hard-to-treat essential hypertension (EH) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, namely the comparison of strategies of fixed and non-fixed combination. Material and methods: Eighty-seven patients with EH, T2DM and obesity were enrolled into the study. Two groups were formed: the 1st group — 41 patients received antihypertensive therapy in the form of unfixed combination of drugs (“multi-pill”) perindopril, indapamide and amlodipine; the 2nd — 46 patients, who received the same drugs, but in a fixed-dose combination (“single pill”). Results: A favorable treatment result was found for fixed-dose combination of antihypertensive drugs, with significant reduction in the frequency of visits to the doctor: relative risk (RR) — 1.27 (95% CI: 1.01‒1.61), p = 0.045, and odds ratio (OR) — 3.10 (95% CI: 1.05‒9.13), p = 0.04. That indicates that patients on fixed-dose combination were less likely to visit a doctor with complaints. Patients on single-pill therapy were less likely to get to progression (worsening) group in contrast to multi-pill non-fixed combination: RR — 1.37 (95% CI: 1.02‒1.84), p = 0.03; OR — 2.91 (95% CI: 1.12‒7.59), p = 0.03. Conclusion: The single-pill triple combination has significant advantage compared to multi-pill regimen in hard-totreat hypertensive patients with comorbid T2DM and obesity. Fixed-dose triple combination leads to significantly faster achievement of blood pressure control.
背景:目前世界范围内高血压患者的血压控制水平非常不理想。我们的研究目的是寻找与2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并肥胖的难治性高血压(EH)患者的最佳药物治疗方案，即固定与非固定联合用药策略的比较。材料与方法:87例EH、2型糖尿病和肥胖症患者纳入研究。分为两组:第一组41例患者接受培哚普利、吲达帕胺、氨氯地平不固定联合(“多片”)降压治疗;第二组是46名患者，他们接受了相同的药物，但采用了固定剂量的组合(“单一药丸”)。结果:固定剂量联合降压药治疗效果良好，就诊频率显著降低:相对危险度(RR) - 1.27 (95% CI: 1.01-1.61)， p = 0.045，优势比(OR) - 3.10 (95% CI: 1.05-9.13)， p = 0.04。这表明，服用固定剂量组合药物的患者不太可能因为抱怨而去看医生。与多药非固定联合治疗相比，单药治疗的患者更不可能进入进展(恶化)组:RR - 1.37 (95% CI: 1.02-1.84)， p = 0.03;OR = 2.91 (95% CI: 1.12-7.59)， p = 0.03。结论:单丸三联治疗合并T2DM和肥胖的难治性高血压患者较多丸方案有明显优势。固定剂量三联用药可显著加快血压控制的实现。
{"title":"Therapeutic strategy in patients with long-lasting essential hypertension with comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity","authors":"B. Shelest, O. Hryhorian, V. Sarkis-Ivanova, Y. Kovalova, V. Brek, O. Shelest","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2021.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2021.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Presently the level of blood pressure (BP) control is extremely unsatisfactory in hypertensive patients throughout the world. The aim of our study was to find the optimal drug therapy for patients with hard-to-treat essential hypertension (EH) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, namely the comparison of strategies of fixed and non-fixed combination. Material and methods: Eighty-seven patients with EH, T2DM and obesity were enrolled into the study. Two groups were formed: the 1st group — 41 patients received antihypertensive therapy in the form of unfixed combination of drugs (“multi-pill”) perindopril, indapamide and amlodipine; the 2nd — 46 patients, who received the same drugs, but in a fixed-dose combination (“single pill”). Results: A favorable treatment result was found for fixed-dose combination of antihypertensive drugs, with significant reduction in the frequency of visits to the doctor: relative risk (RR) — 1.27 (95% CI: 1.01‒1.61), p = 0.045, and odds ratio (OR) — 3.10 (95% CI: 1.05‒9.13), p = 0.04. That indicates that patients on fixed-dose combination were less likely to visit a doctor with complaints. Patients on single-pill therapy were less likely to get to progression (worsening) group in contrast to multi-pill non-fixed combination: RR — 1.37 (95% CI: 1.02‒1.84), p = 0.03; OR — 2.91 (95% CI: 1.12‒7.59), p = 0.03. Conclusion: The single-pill triple combination has significant advantage compared to multi-pill regimen in hard-totreat hypertensive patients with comorbid T2DM and obesity. Fixed-dose triple combination leads to significantly faster achievement of blood pressure control.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76181908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emiliya Keledzhyyeva, Vitalii B. Kaliberdenko, M. Shterenshis, Shanmugaraj Kulanthaivel, K. Balasundaram
Calcium is the most common cation in the human body. An abnormal distribution of intracellular and extracellular ionized Ca plays a significant role in the formation of arterial hypertension. The purpose of the study is to study the fractional composition of calcium in blood serum and urinary calcium excretion in patients with hypertension, as well as to identify the features of the distribution of these indicators depending on the severity of the course of hypertension. Materials and methods - The research consists of eighty patients with symptomatic arterial hypertension who were examined. Which consists of 60 patients with varying degree of hypertension (38 women and 22 men) aged from 65 to 74 years old and the control group consist of 20 patients (12 men and 8 women) in the same age group without signs of hypertension. The patients with clinically expressed coronary heart disease requiring specific therapy, heart defects, and impaired liver function and impaired kidney function were excluded from this study. Patients were divided into three groups, according to the WHO classification of Arterial Hypertension. Indicators of calcium concentration in blood and urine were determined using test kits for determining calcium with glyoxal bis-2 hydroxyanil from LACHEMA. To determine the ionized calcium, a standard technique of ion-selective electrode was used. Results and conclusion - 1. In patients with arterial hypertension, a redistribution of the calcium pool in the blood is noted due to a decrease in the concentration of ionized calcium and an increase in the bound, depending on the severity of the disease. 2. An increase in urinary calcium excretion in patients with arterial hypertension is characteristic of moderate and severe forms of arterial hypertension, with given the age of patients, may be one of the causes of osteoporosis. 3. The increase in the level of intracellular calcium with the progression of arterial hypertension is a kind of example of pathophysiological reactions that occur at the body level, the result of which can be not only banal muscle constriction but also a violation of the synthesis and production of biologically active substances that regulate blood pressure.
{"title":"Characteristics of calcium homeostasis in patients with different degrees of arterial hypertension","authors":"Emiliya Keledzhyyeva, Vitalii B. Kaliberdenko, M. Shterenshis, Shanmugaraj Kulanthaivel, K. Balasundaram","doi":"10.5603/ah.a2020.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/ah.a2020.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium is the most common cation in the human body. An abnormal distribution of intracellular and extracellular ionized Ca plays a significant role in the formation of arterial hypertension. The purpose of the study is to study the fractional composition of calcium in blood serum and urinary calcium excretion in patients with hypertension, as well as to identify the features of the distribution of these indicators depending on the severity of the course of hypertension. Materials and methods - The research consists of eighty patients with symptomatic arterial hypertension who were examined. Which consists of 60 patients with varying degree of hypertension (38 women and 22 men) aged from 65 to 74 years old and the control group consist of 20 patients (12 men and 8 women) in the same age group without signs of hypertension. The patients with clinically expressed coronary heart disease requiring specific therapy, heart defects, and impaired liver function and impaired kidney function were excluded from this study. Patients were divided into three groups, according to the WHO classification of Arterial Hypertension. Indicators of calcium concentration in blood and urine were determined using test kits for determining calcium with glyoxal bis-2 hydroxyanil from LACHEMA. To determine the ionized calcium, a standard technique of ion-selective electrode was used. \u0000Results and conclusion - 1. In patients with arterial hypertension, a redistribution of the calcium pool in the blood is noted due to a decrease in the concentration of ionized calcium and an increase in the bound, depending on the severity of the disease. \u00002. An increase in urinary calcium excretion in patients with arterial hypertension is characteristic of moderate and severe forms of arterial hypertension, with given the age of patients, may be one of the causes of osteoporosis. \u00003. The increase in the level of intracellular calcium with the progression of arterial hypertension is a kind of example of pathophysiological reactions that occur at the body level, the result of which can be not only banal muscle constriction but also a violation of the synthesis and production of biologically active substances that regulate blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73685930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Ryś-Czaporowska, K. Widecka, Karolina Semczuk-Kaczmarek, Anna E. Platek, Waldemar Cisło, F. Szymanski
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) spreads rapidly and has been announced a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 especially affects cardiovascular system, mostly by leading to the dysfunction of endothelium and its consequences . On the other hand, patients with a history of chronic disease are believed to have a more severe course of COVID-19. Furthermore, apart from an undoubted influence on morbidity and mortality, COVID-19 results in changes in many aspects of human life. It is worth noting that pandemic will also affect people who did not suffer from disease. Nevertheless, due to constantly elevated stress level, COVID-19 may have influence on mental health. Paradoxically, in dealing with stress and COVID-related problems, faith and religiosity can play a leading role. In this review, attention was paid not only to possible cardiac complications of infection but also to the impact of the pandemic on psychological and spiritual effects of the pandemic.
{"title":"Risk factors and potential outcomes of COVID-2019 — a narrative review with focus on cardiovascular health","authors":"Anna Ryś-Czaporowska, K. Widecka, Karolina Semczuk-Kaczmarek, Anna E. Platek, Waldemar Cisło, F. Szymanski","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) spreads rapidly and has been announced a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 especially affects cardiovascular system, mostly by leading to the dysfunction of endothelium and its consequences . On the other hand, patients with a history of chronic disease are believed to have a more severe course of COVID-19. Furthermore, apart from an undoubted influence on morbidity and mortality, COVID-19 results in changes in many aspects of human life. It is worth noting that pandemic will also affect people who did not suffer from disease. Nevertheless, due to constantly elevated stress level, COVID-19 may have influence on mental health. Paradoxically, in dealing with stress and COVID-related problems, faith and religiosity can play a leading role. In this review, attention was paid not only to possible cardiac complications of infection but also to the impact of the pandemic on psychological and spiritual effects of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74807391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. The aim of the study was to assess the association between antihypertensive therapy and the manifestations of insomnia in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2 type). Material and methods. The study included 120 hypertensive patients with and without DM 2 type (among them there were 60 patients with insomnia). The study consisted of three stages. The first stage was conducted as a cross-sectional study, during which an association was established between different antihypertensive products and the presence of insomnia in the study population. The second and third stages were a prospective study, during which a modification of the therapy to reduce the manifestations of insomnia was performed. Results: It was found that patients receiving amlodipine in the combination antihypertensive therapy had insomnia manifestations much less frequently as compared to indapamide. A statically significant decrease in blood pressure (BP) and a higher proportion of patients with target BP were observed in both groups. Replacement of indapamide with amlodipine was shown to improve sleep quality. Thus, the number of patients with insomnia significantly decreased in both groups. After correction of antihypertensive therapy after 12 months, all patients were assessed for sleep disorders. The incidence of insomnia was found to be significantly reduced in both groups after changing therapy from indapamide to amlodipine. Conclusions: Correction of antihypertensive therapy, namely the replacement of indapamide with amlodipine, contributes to an improvement in BP, quality of life, and a reduction in the proportion of patients with insomnia.
{"title":"Effect of amlodipine on the manifestations of chronic insomnia in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"G. Isayeva, O. Buriakovska, A. Shalimova","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The aim of the study was to assess the association between antihypertensive therapy and the manifestations of insomnia in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2 type). \u0000Material and methods. The study included 120 hypertensive patients with and without DM 2 type (among them there were 60 patients with insomnia). The study consisted of three stages. The first stage was conducted as a cross-sectional study, during which an association was established between different antihypertensive products and the presence of insomnia in the study population. The second and third stages were a prospective study, during which a modification of the therapy to reduce the manifestations of insomnia was performed. \u0000Results: It was found that patients receiving amlodipine in the combination antihypertensive therapy had insomnia manifestations much less frequently as compared to indapamide. A statically significant decrease in blood pressure (BP) and a higher proportion of patients with target BP were observed in both groups. Replacement of indapamide with amlodipine was shown to improve sleep quality. Thus, the number of patients with insomnia significantly decreased in both groups. After correction of antihypertensive therapy after 12 months, all patients were assessed for sleep disorders. The incidence of insomnia was found to be significantly reduced in both groups after changing therapy from indapamide to amlodipine. \u0000Conclusions: Correction of antihypertensive therapy, namely the replacement of indapamide with amlodipine, contributes to an improvement in BP, quality of life, and a reduction in the proportion of patients with insomnia.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84789038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: One of the major health problems, not only in Indonesia but also around the world, hypertension has attracted a great number of concerns. Hypertension is a risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, kidney failure, and stroke. Most people with hypertension do not know that they are hypertensive, so they tend not to get proper treatment. The factors that influence the occurrence of hypertension are divided into two major groups, namely, those that cannot be controlled such as gender, age, genetic properties, and race, and those that can be controlled such as diet, exercise habits, employment, consumption of salt, coffee, alcohol and stress. Aim: The study aims to determine the triggering factors associated with hypertension. Methods: This type of quantitative research using descriptive correlation study method was conducted on individuals aged over 18 years in the city of Kendal, Central Java, amounting to 428 people. The sample was pooled employing purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed univariably in the form of frequency distribution and bivariately using the Chi-square test. Result: The results show that the majority of the respondents with hypertension were those aged 51-60 years, male, and worked as fishermen. In this regard, there are a factor of hypertension, obesity in the moderate category, and stage III hypertension. In addition, there is a relationship between the triggering factors of hypertension (age, gender, employment, heredity, obesity) and the incidence of hypertension (p value <0.005). Conclusion : trigger factors related to hypertension include age, gender, employment, heredity, and obesity level. Keywords: age, gender, employment, heredity, level of obesity, hypertension
{"title":"Triggering factors related to hypertension in the City of Kendal, Indonesia","authors":"Livana Ph, Y. Basthomi","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the major health problems, not only in Indonesia but also around the world, hypertension has attracted a great number of concerns. Hypertension is a risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, kidney failure, and stroke. Most people with hypertension do not know that they are hypertensive, so they tend not to get proper treatment. The factors that influence the occurrence of hypertension are divided into two major groups, namely, those that cannot be controlled such as gender, age, genetic properties, and race, and those that can be controlled such as diet, exercise habits, employment, consumption of salt, coffee, alcohol and stress. \u0000Aim: The study aims to determine the triggering factors associated with hypertension. \u0000Methods: This type of quantitative research using descriptive correlation study method was conducted on individuals aged over 18 years in the city of Kendal, Central Java, amounting to 428 people. The sample was pooled employing purposive sampling technique. The data was collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed univariably in the form of frequency distribution and bivariately using the Chi-square test. \u0000Result: The results show that the majority of the respondents with hypertension were those aged 51-60 years, male, and worked as fishermen. In this regard, there are a factor of hypertension, obesity in the moderate category, and stage III hypertension. In addition, there is a relationship between the triggering factors of hypertension (age, gender, employment, heredity, obesity) and the incidence of hypertension (p value <0.005). \u0000Conclusion : trigger factors related to hypertension include age, gender, employment, heredity, and obesity level. \u0000 \u0000Keywords: age, gender, employment, heredity, level of obesity, hypertension","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77392494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Hypertension is a significant global public health problem and the data suggest a wide health disparity in hypertension prevalence worldwide. Our objective was to assess some epidemiological determinants in individuals ≥50 years influencing blood pressure/hypertension in United States and Croatia and derive some meaningful conclusions and recommendations. Materials and methods: We used American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (N=1,556; 48.9% women) and Croatian Adult Health Cohort Study (CroHort) (N=2,182; 66% women), both taken in 2008. The health indicators compared were anthropometries, blood pressure, socioeconomic and marital status, education and lifestyle, including physical activity, alcohol and coffee consumption, smoking and presence of dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Results: Prevalence of hypertension based either on medication use or blood pressure values was significantly higher in Croatian men and women compared to American (all p<0.001). Waist circumference was main positive predictor and education a negative predictor for blood pressure in CroHort; significance was not reached in NHANES, although the trends were similar. Taking medications for diabetes decreased the odds for hypertension in NHANES, while taking medications for both diabetes and dyslipidemia decreased the odds in CroHort. Conclusions: Croatian people older than 50 years have higher prevalence of hypertension compared to their counterparts in the U.S. The difference in the prevalence of hypertension in two populations cannot be explained by different prevalence of risk factors examined, except education level. Higher prevalence of hypertension diagnosed by medication use than with blood pressure values indicate a relatively good control of the disease in both population.
{"title":"Lifestyle characteristics influencing hypertension in middle-age to old people: comparison of two populations","authors":"S. Cvijetić, J. Kern, S. Vuletic, J. Ilich","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is a significant global public health problem and the data suggest a wide health disparity in hypertension prevalence worldwide. Our objective was to assess some epidemiological determinants in individuals ≥50 years influencing blood pressure/hypertension in United States and Croatia and derive some meaningful conclusions and recommendations. \u0000Materials and methods: We used American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (N=1,556; 48.9% women) and Croatian Adult Health Cohort Study (CroHort) (N=2,182; 66% women), both taken in 2008. The health indicators compared were anthropometries, blood pressure, socioeconomic and marital status, education and lifestyle, including physical activity, alcohol and coffee consumption, smoking and presence of dyslipidaemia and diabetes. \u0000Results: Prevalence of hypertension based either on medication use or blood pressure values was significantly higher in Croatian men and women compared to American (all p<0.001). Waist circumference was main positive predictor and education a negative predictor for blood pressure in CroHort; significance was not reached in NHANES, although the trends were similar. Taking medications for diabetes decreased the odds for hypertension in NHANES, while taking medications for both diabetes and dyslipidemia decreased the odds in CroHort. \u0000Conclusions: Croatian people older than 50 years have higher prevalence of hypertension compared to their counterparts in the U.S. The difference in the prevalence of hypertension in two populations cannot be explained by different prevalence of risk factors examined, except education level. Higher prevalence of hypertension diagnosed by medication use than with blood pressure values indicate a relatively good control of the disease in both population.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75267519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kidneys produce a number of substances that affect intrarenal blood circulation; however, the key system that regulates blood flow in both general and local circulation (including the renal circulation) is the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Individual elements of the RAA system are synthesized in separate tissues of the body under the influence of specific local factors. The system functions as a whole due to mutual compounds based on feedbacks and it consists of three basic elements: renin, angiotensin and aldosterone. The history of research on the RAA system dates back to the late 19th century. One of the important stages of exploring the mechanisms related to RAA system functioning was the publication (in 1898) of the results of research on the hypertensive effect on blood pressure of rabbit kidney extracts (containing renin)4 obtained by prof. Robert Tigerstedt and his assistant Per Bergman. Goldblatt observations from 1934 were of similar significance. He found a correlation between dog kidney ischaemia and the occurrence of hypertension. In the following years, the enzymatic properties and structure of renin and angiotensin peptides, resulting from the action of renin and the enzyme converting angiotensin I (Ang I) to its active form - angiotensin II (Ang II), were clarified. The latter belongs to the most important regulators of aldosterone secretion (discovered by Simpson, Tait and Wetstein in 1953). In 1939, Braun-Menandez and Page proved that under the influence of renin, peptide pressure compounds are formed. Consequently, it was documented that angiotensin was the cause of hypertension in animals with ischemic kidney, and in 1954 Skeggs described the sequence of angiotensin I and II. In 1960-1961, Davis, Genest, Laragh and others identified systemic RAA occurrences. However, to provide the insight of evolutionary significance of the RAA system for humans, the phylogenetic development of this enzyme-endocrine system in vertebrates should be investigated. The largest database of information regarding this system in the aforementioned group of animals are the research of Hirofumi Sokabe and Hiroko Nishimur, which, among others, are the basis for this manuscript.
{"title":"The evolutionary development of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and its importance for the survival of the human species","authors":"Natalia Butt-Hussaim, J. Manitius","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Kidneys produce a number of substances that affect intrarenal blood circulation; however, the key system that regulates blood flow in both general and local circulation (including the renal circulation) is the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Individual elements of the RAA system are synthesized in separate tissues of the body under the influence of specific local factors. The system functions as a whole due to mutual compounds based on feedbacks and it consists of three basic elements: renin, angiotensin and aldosterone. \u0000 \u0000The history of research on the RAA system dates back to the late 19th century. One of the important stages of exploring the mechanisms related to RAA system functioning was the publication (in 1898) of the results of research on the hypertensive effect on blood pressure of rabbit kidney extracts (containing renin)4 obtained by prof. Robert Tigerstedt and his assistant Per Bergman. Goldblatt observations from 1934 were of similar significance. He found a correlation between dog kidney ischaemia and the occurrence of hypertension. In the following years, the enzymatic properties and structure of renin and angiotensin peptides, resulting from the action of renin and the enzyme converting angiotensin I (Ang I) to its active form - angiotensin II (Ang II), were clarified. The latter belongs to the most important regulators of aldosterone secretion (discovered by Simpson, Tait and Wetstein in 1953). In 1939, Braun-Menandez and Page proved that under the influence of renin, peptide pressure compounds are formed. Consequently, it was documented that angiotensin was the cause of hypertension in animals with ischemic kidney, and in 1954 Skeggs described the sequence of angiotensin I and II. In 1960-1961, Davis, Genest, Laragh and others identified systemic RAA occurrences. \u0000 \u0000However, to provide the insight of evolutionary significance of the RAA system for humans, the phylogenetic development of this enzyme-endocrine system in vertebrates should be investigated. The largest database of information regarding this system in the aforementioned group of animals are the research of Hirofumi Sokabe and Hiroko Nishimur, which, among others, are the basis for this manuscript.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80942733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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