Fatemeh Samiee-Rad, S. Oveisi, H. Javadi, A. Barikani, M. Sofiabadi
Backgrounds and Objectives: High blood pressure increases the probability of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Also, insulin resistance can be defined as a risk factor for hypertension. The present study was investigated the relationship between hypertension and insulin resistance in non-diabetic participants who referred to Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Center. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 1103 participants (111 non diabetic with newly diagnosed hypertension and 992 normotensive subjects aged ≥20 years) were enrolled from September 2014 to April 2016 in Qazvin (Iran). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Insulin resistance, waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides ,cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, FBS were measured. Fasting triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) was used as a surrogate of insulin resistance. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and P < 0.05 were assumed as significant level. Results: 10% of all participants had hypertension. TG/HDL-C was 3.78 ±3.28 in non-HTN and 5.76±5.35 in HTN participants, respectively(P < 0.001). The frequency of all cardio-metabolic risk factors (except HDL cholesterol level) was higher than others after adjusting of age and gender in hypertensive group(P < 0.001). Discussion: Based these results, essential hypertension is associated with a higher prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the non-diabetic community in Iran.
{"title":"Association between hypertension and insulin resistance in non-diabetic adult populations: a community-based study from the Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Samiee-Rad, S. Oveisi, H. Javadi, A. Barikani, M. Sofiabadi","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds and Objectives: High blood pressure increases the probability of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Also, insulin resistance can be defined as a risk factor for hypertension. The present study was investigated the relationship between hypertension and insulin resistance in non-diabetic participants who referred to Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Center. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 1103 participants (111 non diabetic with newly diagnosed hypertension and 992 normotensive subjects aged ≥20 years) were enrolled from September 2014 to April 2016 in Qazvin (Iran). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Insulin resistance, waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides ,cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, FBS were measured. Fasting triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) was used as a surrogate of insulin resistance. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and P < 0.05 were assumed as significant level. Results: 10% of all participants had hypertension. TG/HDL-C was 3.78 ±3.28 in non-HTN and 5.76±5.35 in HTN participants, respectively(P < 0.001). The frequency of all cardio-metabolic risk factors (except HDL cholesterol level) was higher than others after adjusting of age and gender in hypertensive group(P < 0.001). Discussion: Based these results, essential hypertension is associated with a higher prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the non-diabetic community in Iran.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84619367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Orlov, O. Rotar, M. Vigl, A. Konradi, H. Boeing
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) experts listed physical inactivity in leading risk factors for global mortality. Current research shows that only objective measurement of physical activity may provide accurate information on this parameter. The aim of our study was to assess the 7-day physical activity monitoring using triaxial accelerometers in a random sample of Saint-Petersburg inhabitants. Material and methods: As a part of all-Russian epidemiology survey ESSE-RF there was involved random sampling of 1600 Saint-Petersburg inhabitants (25–65 years) stratified by age and sex. After that a random sub-population of 100 subjects was selected. All subjects filled in questionnaire regarding physical activity, occupation, education and nutrition. Anthropometry (weight, height with body-mass index calculation, waist circumference) was performed. Actigraph GT3X+ (Actigraph LLC, USA) accelerometer and physical activity diary were used in order to evaluate physical activity monitoring for 7 days. Adequate levels of physical activity (PA) were defined as more than 10 000 steps/day and at least 150 minutes/week of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in bouts of 10 minutes or more. Results: 1/2 of subjects were physically active according to steps, and 1/3 according to MVPA time criteria. No gender, occupation or body composition differences were revealed in physically active and inactive subjects. Almost 50% of physically active subjects had balanced workweek-weekend PA profile, and the same criterion is true only for 13% of subjects in inactive group. In both groups the same peaks of MVPA were revealed — at 8.00–9.00 and 18.00–19.00, which are typical transportation time, but in active group these peaks were significantly higher. According to PA diaries, in most of cases physical inactivity was related to the usage of private or public transport. Conclusion: Triaxial PA-monitoring shows, that 40–60% of subjects were physically inactive, and 150-min MVPA goal can easily be achieved by only increasing walking time during transportation peaks. The physical inactivity was not determined by the type of occupation, sex or age, instead it was mainly influenced by the usage of cars in the morning and evening transportation time, rather than walking.
{"title":"Objective measurement of physical activity in a random sample of Saint-Petersburg inhabitants","authors":"A. Orlov, O. Rotar, M. Vigl, A. Konradi, H. Boeing","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: World Health Organization (WHO) experts listed physical inactivity in leading risk factors for global mortality. Current research shows that only objective measurement of physical activity may provide accurate information on this parameter. The aim of our study was to assess the 7-day physical activity monitoring using triaxial accelerometers in a random sample of Saint-Petersburg inhabitants. Material and methods: As a part of all-Russian epidemiology survey ESSE-RF there was involved random sampling of 1600 Saint-Petersburg inhabitants (25–65 years) stratified by age and sex. After that a random sub-population of 100 subjects was selected. All subjects filled in questionnaire regarding physical activity, occupation, education and nutrition. Anthropometry (weight, height with body-mass index calculation, waist circumference) was performed. Actigraph GT3X+ (Actigraph LLC, USA) accelerometer and physical activity diary were used in order to evaluate physical activity monitoring for 7 days. Adequate levels of physical activity (PA) were defined as more than 10 000 steps/day and at least 150 minutes/week of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in bouts of 10 minutes or more. Results: 1/2 of subjects were physically active according to steps, and 1/3 according to MVPA time criteria. No gender, occupation or body composition differences were revealed in physically active and inactive subjects. Almost 50% of physically active subjects had balanced workweek-weekend PA profile, and the same criterion is true only for 13% of subjects in inactive group. In both groups the same peaks of MVPA were revealed — at 8.00–9.00 and 18.00–19.00, which are typical transportation time, but in active group these peaks were significantly higher. According to PA diaries, in most of cases physical inactivity was related to the usage of private or public transport. Conclusion: Triaxial PA-monitoring shows, that 40–60% of subjects were physically inactive, and 150-min MVPA goal can easily be achieved by only increasing walking time during transportation peaks. The physical inactivity was not determined by the type of occupation, sex or age, instead it was mainly influenced by the usage of cars in the morning and evening transportation time, rather than walking.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78231890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Oscanoa, X. Vidal, A. Carvajal, J. Amado, R. Romero-Ortuño
Background: The mechanism of entry of SARS-COV-2 into the human host cell is through the ACE2 receptor. During the pandemic, a hypothesis has been proposed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) could be risk factors for the development of severe SARS-COV-2 infection. The objective of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the association between ACEI or ARB use and SARS-COV-2 infection severity or mortality. Material and methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for observational studies published between December 2019 and August 4, 2020 Studies were included if they contained data on ACEI or ARB use and SARS-COV-2 infection severity or mortality. Effect statistics were pooled using random-effects models. The quality of included studies was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data on study design, study location, year of publication, number of participants, sex, age at baseline, outcome definition, exposure definition, effect estimates and 95% CIs were extracted. Results: Twenty-six studies (21 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies) were identified for inclusion, combining to a total sample of 361467 participants. Mean age was 61.48 (SD 8.26) years and 51.63 % were men. The mean NOS score of included studies was 7.85 (range: 7–9). Results suggested that ACEI or ARB use did not increase the risk of severe disease or mortality from SARS-COV-2 infection (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75–1.02, p > 0.05). Conclusions: At present, the evidence available does not support the hypothesis of increased SARS-COV-2 risk with ACEI or ARB drugs.
{"title":"Severity of SARS-COV-2 infection and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: a meta-analysis","authors":"T. Oscanoa, X. Vidal, A. Carvajal, J. Amado, R. Romero-Ortuño","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The mechanism of entry of SARS-COV-2 into the human host cell is through the ACE2 receptor. During the pandemic, a hypothesis has been proposed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) could be risk factors for the development of severe SARS-COV-2 infection. The objective of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the association between ACEI or ARB use and SARS-COV-2 infection severity or mortality. Material and methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google scholar and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for observational studies published between December 2019 and August 4, 2020 Studies were included if they contained data on ACEI or ARB use and SARS-COV-2 infection severity or mortality. Effect statistics were pooled using random-effects models. The quality of included studies was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data on study design, study location, year of publication, number of participants, sex, age at baseline, outcome definition, exposure definition, effect estimates and 95% CIs were extracted. Results: Twenty-six studies (21 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies) were identified for inclusion, combining to a total sample of 361467 participants. Mean age was 61.48 (SD 8.26) years and 51.63 % were men. The mean NOS score of included studies was 7.85 (range: 7–9). Results suggested that ACEI or ARB use did not increase the risk of severe disease or mortality from SARS-COV-2 infection (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75–1.02, p > 0.05). Conclusions: At present, the evidence available does not support the hypothesis of increased SARS-COV-2 risk with ACEI or ARB drugs.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82788295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehmet Eyuboglu, Metin Karayakalı, Kayıhan Karaman, A. Arısoy, A. Çelik
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality in hypertensive patients. Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) is the preferred scoring system to predict future fatal cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. However, the relationship between SCORE and coronary atherosclerosis is not well described. We aimed to investigate whether SCORE has a relationship with CAD severity in hypertensive patients, even in the absence of high risk features. Material and methods: Four hundred and fifty-two hypertensive patients who underwent elective coronary angiography and defined as low or moderate risk according to SCORE were included into the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients with a SCORE < 1% were defined as low risk group, and patients with a SCORE ≥ 1% and < 5% were defined as moderate risk group. The groups were compared regarding CAD severity. Results: The frequency of stenotic CAD and multivessel disease, and mean SYNTAX score, were significantly higher in SCORE ≥ 1%, and 22 with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 86.5% (AUC: 0.879, p 22. (OR: 1.817, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that SCORE is associated with CAD severity in hypertensive patients even in the absence of high risk features. The SCORE system may be useful in further risk stratification of hypertensive patients with moderate risk features and suspected CAD.
背景:冠状动脉疾病(CAD)是高血压患者死亡的主要原因。系统冠状动脉风险评价(SCORE)是预测高血压患者未来致死性心血管事件的首选评分系统。然而，SCORE与冠状动脉粥样硬化之间的关系尚未得到很好的描述。我们的目的是研究即使在没有高风险特征的情况下，高血压患者的SCORE是否与CAD严重程度有关。材料和方法:452例接受择期冠状动脉造影并根据SCORE定义为低或中度风险的高血压患者纳入研究。患者分为两组。评分< 1%定义为低危组，评分≥1%和< 5%定义为中危组。比较各组CAD的严重程度。结果:狭窄性CAD和多血管疾病的发生频率和SYNTAX平均评分在评分≥1%和22时显著增高，敏感性为75%，特异性为86.5% (AUC: 0.879, p 22)。(OR: 1.817, p < 0.001)。结论:我们的研究结果表明，即使在没有高危特征的高血压患者中，SCORE也与CAD严重程度相关。SCORE系统可能有助于对具有中度危险特征和疑似冠心病的高血压患者进行进一步的风险分层。
{"title":"Utility of Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) system to predict coronary artery disease severity in low to moderate risk hypertensive patients undergoing elective coronary angiography","authors":"Mehmet Eyuboglu, Metin Karayakalı, Kayıhan Karaman, A. Arısoy, A. Çelik","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality in hypertensive patients. Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) is the preferred scoring system to predict future fatal cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. However, the relationship between SCORE and coronary atherosclerosis is not well described. We aimed to investigate whether SCORE has a relationship with CAD severity in hypertensive patients, even in the absence of high risk features. Material and methods: Four hundred and fifty-two hypertensive patients who underwent elective coronary angiography and defined as low or moderate risk according to SCORE were included into the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients with a SCORE < 1% were defined as low risk group, and patients with a SCORE ≥ 1% and < 5% were defined as moderate risk group. The groups were compared regarding CAD severity. Results: The frequency of stenotic CAD and multivessel disease, and mean SYNTAX score, were significantly higher in SCORE ≥ 1%, and 22 with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 86.5% (AUC: 0.879, p 22. (OR: 1.817, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that SCORE is associated with CAD severity in hypertensive patients even in the absence of high risk features. The SCORE system may be useful in further risk stratification of hypertensive patients with moderate risk features and suspected CAD.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"26 1","pages":"128-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84118586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glucose metabolism disorders in adolescent patients have a diverse background. The most common cause is Type 1 diabetes. Persistently elevated blood glucose initiates many processes that lead to blood vessel and nerve damage. Early detection and treatment of these abnormalities can help prevent the development of many complications.
{"title":"Cardiovascular diseases in youth patients with glucose metabolism impairment","authors":"A. Pilśniak, A. Chwalba, E. Otto-Buczkowska","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Glucose metabolism disorders in adolescent patients have a diverse background. The most common cause is Type 1 diabetes. Persistently elevated blood glucose initiates many processes that lead to blood vessel and nerve damage. Early detection and treatment of these abnormalities can help prevent the development of many complications.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83549715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ö. Güler, Hakan Hakkoymaz, S. Köroğlu, Muhammed Seyithanoğlu, Hakan Güneş
Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, congestive heart disease and renal failure. Primary hypertension is a multi-factorial complex disease and its exact etiology still remains unknown. In this study we aimed to compare serum amphiregulin and cerebellin-1 levels of primary hypertension patients with healthy subjects. Material and methods: Forty-four hypertensive patients and 44 healthy people were included. Patients with systolic blood pressure measurements ≥ 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure measurements ≥ 90 mm Hg were evaluated as hypertensive. Serum amphiregulin and cerebellin 1 levels were measured using ELISA method. Results: Mean amphiregulin level was 32.1 (10.2–72.5) pg/mL in hypertension group and 36.9 (15.9–109.5) pg/mL in control group (p = 0.002). Mean cerebellin 1 levels were comparable in both groups, 82.1 (23.9–286.1) pg/mL in hypertensive group and 95.1 (60.2–293) pg/mL in control group (p = 0.261). Serum amphiregulin to predict hypertension was found to be ≤ 23 pg/mL with specificity of 97% and sensitivity of 48.5% (AUC = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62–0.86; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Hypertension is associated with lower serum amphiregulin concentrations.
{"title":"Serum amphiregulin and cerebellin 1 levels in primary hypertension patients","authors":"Ö. Güler, Hakan Hakkoymaz, S. Köroğlu, Muhammed Seyithanoğlu, Hakan Güneş","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, congestive heart disease and renal failure. Primary hypertension is a multi-factorial complex disease and its exact etiology still remains unknown. In this study we aimed to compare serum amphiregulin and cerebellin-1 levels of primary hypertension patients with healthy subjects. Material and methods: Forty-four hypertensive patients and 44 healthy people were included. Patients with systolic blood pressure measurements ≥ 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure measurements ≥ 90 mm Hg were evaluated as hypertensive. Serum amphiregulin and cerebellin 1 levels were measured using ELISA method. Results: Mean amphiregulin level was 32.1 (10.2–72.5) pg/mL in hypertension group and 36.9 (15.9–109.5) pg/mL in control group (p = 0.002). Mean cerebellin 1 levels were comparable in both groups, 82.1 (23.9–286.1) pg/mL in hypertensive group and 95.1 (60.2–293) pg/mL in control group (p = 0.261). Serum amphiregulin to predict hypertension was found to be ≤ 23 pg/mL with specificity of 97% and sensitivity of 48.5% (AUC = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62–0.86; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Hypertension is associated with lower serum amphiregulin concentrations.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78839190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Backgrounds and Objectives: High blood pressure increases the probability of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Also, insulin resistance can be defined as a risk factor for hypertension. The present study was investigated the relationship between hypertension and insulin resistance in non-diabetic participants who referred to Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Center. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 1103 participants (111 non diabetic with newly diagnosed hypertension and 992 normotensive subjects aged ≥20 years) were enrolled from September 2014 to April 2016 in Qazvin (Iran). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Insulin resistance, waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides ,cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, FBS were measured. Fasting triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) was used as a surrogate of insulin resistance. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and P < 0.05 were assumed as significant level. Results: 10% of all participants had hypertension. TG/HDL-C was 3.78 ±3.28 in non-HTN and 5.76±5.35 in HTN participants, respectively(P < 0.001). The frequency of all cardio-metabolic risk factors (except HDL cholesterol level) was higher than others after adjusting of age and gender in hypertensive group(P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based these results, essential hypertension is associated with a higher prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the non-diabetic community in Iran.
{"title":"Association between Hypertension and Insulin resistance in non-diabetic adult populations: a community-based study from the Center of Iran","authors":"M. Sofiabadi","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds and Objectives: High blood pressure increases the probability of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Also, insulin resistance can be defined as a risk factor for hypertension. The present study was investigated the relationship between hypertension and insulin resistance in non-diabetic participants who referred to Qazvin Metabolic Diseases Center. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study 1103 participants (111 non diabetic with newly diagnosed hypertension and 992 normotensive subjects aged ≥20 years) were enrolled from September 2014 to April 2016 in Qazvin (Iran). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Insulin resistance, waist circumference, body mass index, triglycerides ,cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, FBS were measured. Fasting triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) was used as a surrogate of insulin resistance. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and P < 0.05 were assumed as significant level. Results: 10% of all participants had hypertension. TG/HDL-C was 3.78 ±3.28 in non-HTN and 5.76±5.35 in HTN participants, respectively(P < 0.001). The frequency of all cardio-metabolic risk factors (except HDL cholesterol level) was higher than others after adjusting of age and gender in hypertensive group(P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based these results, essential hypertension is associated with a higher prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the non-diabetic community in Iran.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76590598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arterial hypertension in majority of cases is the result of a poor lifestyle. The table salt intake level has changed over the centuries. In populations characterized by a low level of daily salt consumption, hypertension was a rarity and cardiovascular diseases were much less common. More and more food is sold in processed form, and thus containing large amounts of salt. The amount of salt delivered with food significantly exceeds the actual body's needs. Limitation of salt intake should apply to both prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases as well as treatment of people suffering from hypertension. High sodium intake leads to increased systolic and diastolic pressure, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as other diseases such as stomach cancer etc. There are many mechanisms triggered by excessive intake of table salt that lead to an increase in blood pressure. Excess salt adversely affects the entire human body, and in particular the kidneys and blood vessels. National and International Scientific Societies have developed many documents in the form of guidelines on the optimal daily sodium intake. Compliance with the recommendations and limitation of salt intake may significantly reduce the incidence of hypertension in the general population.
{"title":"Salt and arterial hypertension — epidemiological, pathophysiological and preventive aspects","authors":"S. Surma, A. Szyndler, K. Narkiewicz","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Arterial hypertension in majority of cases is the result of a poor lifestyle. The table salt intake level has changed over the centuries. In populations characterized by a low level of daily salt consumption, hypertension was a rarity and cardiovascular diseases were much less common. More and more food is sold in processed form, and thus containing large amounts of salt. The amount of salt delivered with food significantly exceeds the actual body's needs. Limitation of salt intake should apply to both prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases as well as treatment of people suffering from hypertension. High sodium intake leads to increased systolic and diastolic pressure, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as other diseases such as stomach cancer etc. There are many mechanisms triggered by excessive intake of table salt that lead to an increase in blood pressure. Excess salt adversely affects the entire human body, and in particular the kidneys and blood vessels. National and International Scientific Societies have developed many documents in the form of guidelines on the optimal daily sodium intake. Compliance with the recommendations and limitation of salt intake may significantly reduce the incidence of hypertension in the general population.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83753534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Oscanoa, E. Cieza, F. Lizaraso-Soto, M. L. Guevara, R. Fujita, R. Romero-Ortuño
Background: Epidemiological studies have shown an association between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism with arterial hypertension, specifically the DD genotype, in different populations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between ACE polymorphisms (Insertion, Deletion or I/D) and essential hypertension in a population of Lima, Peru. Material and methods: This is a study of cases (essential arterial hypertension) and controls, with determination of the ACE I/D genotype. Results: Cases (65) and controls (39) had a mean age (standard deviation) of 74.3 (7.9) and 72.6 (6.5) (p = 0.24). In cases, the genotype frequencies DD, ID, and II were 6 (9.2%), 28 (43.1%) and 31 (47.7%), respectively. In controls, the genotype frequencies DD, ID, and II were 6 (15.4%), 14 (35.9%) and 19 (48.7%). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis in cases and controls was p = 0.93 and p = 0.23, respectively. No significant associations between genotype DD vs. ID + II (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.17–1.87, p = 0.34) or II vs. DD + ID (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.43–2.12, p = 0.92) and essential hypertension were found. Conclusions: The ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with hypertension in our sample.
背景:流行病学研究表明，不同人群中ACE基因I/D多态性与动脉性高血压，特别是DD基因型之间存在关联。本研究的目的是评估秘鲁利马人群中ACE多态性(插入、缺失或I/D)与原发性高血压之间的关系。材料和方法:这是一项病例(原发性动脉高血压)和对照组的研究，确定ACE I/D基因型。结果:病例(65)和对照组(39)的平均年龄(标准差)分别为74.3(7.9)和72.6(6.5)，差异有统计学意义(p = 0.24)。DD、ID和II基因型频率分别为6(9.2%)、28(43.1%)和31(47.7%)。对照组DD、ID和II基因型频率分别为6(15.4%)、14(35.9%)和19(48.7%)。病例和对照组的Hardy-Weinberg平衡分析分别为p = 0.93和p = 0.23。基因型DD vs. ID + II (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.17-1.87, p = 0.34)或基因型II vs. DD + ID (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.43-2.12, p = 0.92)与原发性高血压无显著相关性。结论:在我们的样本中，ACE I/D多态性与高血压无关。
{"title":"Lack of association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype and essential hypertension in Peruvian older people","authors":"T. Oscanoa, E. Cieza, F. Lizaraso-Soto, M. L. Guevara, R. Fujita, R. Romero-Ortuño","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epidemiological studies have shown an association between the ACE gene I/D polymorphism with arterial hypertension, specifically the DD genotype, in different populations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between ACE polymorphisms (Insertion, Deletion or I/D) and essential hypertension in a population of Lima, Peru. Material and methods: This is a study of cases (essential arterial hypertension) and controls, with determination of the ACE I/D genotype. Results: Cases (65) and controls (39) had a mean age (standard deviation) of 74.3 (7.9) and 72.6 (6.5) (p = 0.24). In cases, the genotype frequencies DD, ID, and II were 6 (9.2%), 28 (43.1%) and 31 (47.7%), respectively. In controls, the genotype frequencies DD, ID, and II were 6 (15.4%), 14 (35.9%) and 19 (48.7%). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis in cases and controls was p = 0.93 and p = 0.23, respectively. No significant associations between genotype DD vs. ID + II (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.17–1.87, p = 0.34) or II vs. DD + ID (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.43–2.12, p = 0.92) and essential hypertension were found. Conclusions: The ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with hypertension in our sample.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77458496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Only few direct comparative studies evaluated the effectiveness of telemedicine-guided home blood pressure (tele-HBPM) compared to 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in assessing blood pressure (BP) and BP control. Material and methods. This prospective clinical trial included patients with arterial hypertension, with (n = 23) and without (n = 18) chronic kidney disease and normal volunteers (n = 16). All subjects underwent with a 1-month interval twice one-week of BP monitoring with office BP (3 measurements at 2 visits), 24 h-ABPM and tele-HBPM during 7 consecutive days. Results. Mean (SD) BP levels were 128/77 [19/11] mm Hg and 126/75 [14/9] mm Hg for tele-HBPM, 129/78 [17/11] mm Hg and 127/75 [14/9] mm Hg for daytime-ABPM, and 133/77 [23/12] mm Hg and 130/74 [17/11] mm Hg for office BP, all respectively at the first and the second measurement periods. Blood pressure and BP control were comparable between the two out-of-office techniques. Conclusion. Both out-of-office techniques (tele-HBPM and 24h-ABPM) show good agreement for systolic as well as diastolic BP, and are equally effective in assessing BP and BP control, explicitly during daytime.
{"title":"Effectiveness of telemedicine-guided home blood pressure compared to 24 h-ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with and without chronic kidney disease.","authors":"X. Galloo, T. Robberechts, P. Niepen","doi":"10.5603/AH.A2020.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5603/AH.A2020.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Only few direct comparative studies evaluated the effectiveness of telemedicine-guided home blood pressure (tele-HBPM) compared to 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in assessing blood pressure (BP) and BP control. Material and methods. This prospective clinical trial included patients with arterial hypertension, with (n = 23) and without (n = 18) chronic kidney disease and normal volunteers (n = 16). All subjects underwent with a 1-month interval twice one-week of BP monitoring with office BP (3 measurements at 2 visits), 24 h-ABPM and tele-HBPM during 7 consecutive days. Results. Mean (SD) BP levels were 128/77 [19/11] mm Hg and 126/75 [14/9] mm Hg for tele-HBPM, 129/78 [17/11] mm Hg and 127/75 [14/9] mm Hg for daytime-ABPM, and 133/77 [23/12] mm Hg and 130/74 [17/11] mm Hg for office BP, all respectively at the first and the second measurement periods. Blood pressure and BP control were comparable between the two out-of-office techniques. Conclusion. Both out-of-office techniques (tele-HBPM and 24h-ABPM) show good agreement for systolic as well as diastolic BP, and are equally effective in assessing BP and BP control, explicitly during daytime.","PeriodicalId":42110,"journal":{"name":"Arterial Hypertension","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84341389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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