Abstract Vera Proca-Ciortea was a leading expressionist and structuralist choreographer in Romania and, at the same time, an internationally renowned researcher in ethnochoreology and dance theoretician. This study is an attempt at revealing some significant philosophical implications of dance while following her ideas from the manuscript entitled The Choreographic Training of the Actor, which can be found as a typed document in the library of The National University of Theatrical Art and Cinematography „Ion Luca Caragialeˮ from Bucharest. The metaphysical importance of dance springs from its necessary bondage with corporality and movement, thus being relatable to contemporary philosophical orientations like Martin Heidegger’s ontology from Being and Time (1927) or Alfred North Whitehead’s process metaphysics from Process and Reality (1929). Yet, my text will focus on theoretical implications that modern – and, implicitly, contemporary – dance techniques and principles have regarding issues such as: space-construction in movement; the dynamic-qualitative effects of movement; the (re)discovery of organicity; the (e)motional exploration of the body through dance. With this aim, I will use Vera Proca-Ciortea’s six principles of modern and contemporary dance and Rudolf Laban’s insights from his 1966 Choreutics.
Vera Proca-Ciortea是罗马尼亚杰出的表现主义和结构主义编舞家，同时也是国际知名的民族舞蹈学研究者和舞蹈理论家。这项研究试图揭示舞蹈的一些重要的哲学含义，同时遵循她的手稿，题为“演员的舞蹈训练”，这可以在布加勒斯特国立戏剧艺术和电影大学图书馆找到一份打印文件“Ion Luca Caragiale”。舞蹈的形而上学重要性源于它与形体和运动的必然联系，因此与当代哲学取向相关，如马丁·海德格尔的本体论《存在与时间》(1927)或阿尔弗雷德·诺斯·怀特海的过程形而上学《过程与现实》(1929)。然而，我的文章将侧重于现代——以及隐含的当代——舞蹈技术和原则在以下问题上的理论含义:运动中的空间构建;运动的动态定性效应;有机物的(再)发现;(e)通过舞蹈对身体的情感探索。为了达到这个目的，我将使用Vera Proca-Ciortea的现代和当代舞蹈的六个原则以及鲁道夫·拉班在1966年编舞中的见解。
{"title":"About Dance and Philosophy, Following the Manuscript The Choreographic Training of the Actor Signed by Vera Proca-Ciortea","authors":"Andreea Stoicescu","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vera Proca-Ciortea was a leading expressionist and structuralist choreographer in Romania and, at the same time, an internationally renowned researcher in ethnochoreology and dance theoretician. This study is an attempt at revealing some significant philosophical implications of dance while following her ideas from the manuscript entitled The Choreographic Training of the Actor, which can be found as a typed document in the library of The National University of Theatrical Art and Cinematography „Ion Luca Caragialeˮ from Bucharest. The metaphysical importance of dance springs from its necessary bondage with corporality and movement, thus being relatable to contemporary philosophical orientations like Martin Heidegger’s ontology from Being and Time (1927) or Alfred North Whitehead’s process metaphysics from Process and Reality (1929). Yet, my text will focus on theoretical implications that modern – and, implicitly, contemporary – dance techniques and principles have regarding issues such as: space-construction in movement; the dynamic-qualitative effects of movement; the (re)discovery of organicity; the (e)motional exploration of the body through dance. With this aim, I will use Vera Proca-Ciortea’s six principles of modern and contemporary dance and Rudolf Laban’s insights from his 1966 Choreutics.","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"77 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Through non-linguistic communication we mean any communication act where the elements of messages are from outside of language. The non-linguistic expressions can be classified in icons and symbols. We can understand the non-linguistic expressions just using linguistic means. Hence, the non-linguistic communication is secondary relatively to the linguistic form of communication. In fact, people can understand each other only through language.
{"title":"Non-Linguistic Communication","authors":"I. Narița","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Through non-linguistic communication we mean any communication act where the elements of messages are from outside of language. The non-linguistic expressions can be classified in icons and symbols. We can understand the non-linguistic expressions just using linguistic means. Hence, the non-linguistic communication is secondary relatively to the linguistic form of communication. In fact, people can understand each other only through language.","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"5 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42123902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study deals with the way in which the Revolution of December 1989 was recorded in the pages of the journal „Mitropolia Ardealului”, the official magazine of the Archdiocese of Sibiu, the Archdiocese of Vad, Cluj and Feleac, the Diocese of Alba Iulia and the Diocese of Oradea. I analyzed the evolution of the religious discourse during january - december 1990, from the texts published in issues 1 - 6 of the theological journal „Mitropolia Ardealului”, regarding the Revolution of December 1989
{"title":"December ‘89 Revolution through “eyes” of the journal „Mitropolia Ardealului” from Sibiu (II)","authors":"Silviu-Constantin Nedelcu","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study deals with the way in which the Revolution of December 1989 was recorded in the pages of the journal „Mitropolia Ardealului”, the official magazine of the Archdiocese of Sibiu, the Archdiocese of Vad, Cluj and Feleac, the Diocese of Alba Iulia and the Diocese of Oradea. I analyzed the evolution of the religious discourse during january - december 1990, from the texts published in issues 1 - 6 of the theological journal „Mitropolia Ardealului”, regarding the Revolution of December 1989","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"116 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47944303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Jan Saudek’s photographic work is crossed by a series of leitmotifs identified and dissected by the scalpel of the critics, although the most recurring of them seems to have been neglected: mirroring, in the form of reflection and juxtaposition. This stylistic effect has consequences which often exceed his creation, being visible even in the photographs of his disciple Sára Saudková. Affected by the atrocities of the war, unrecognized as an artist by the Czechoslovak communist regime and deprived of the understanding of his ex-wives and children, he remains true to his visions, fighting the kitsch that always haunted him. Paradoxically, in the self-critical sincerity of the octogenarian Jan Saudek, the recognition of his artistic value is obviously mirrored.
Jan Saudek的摄影作品被一系列的主题所交叉，这些主题被评论家们的手术刀所识别和剖析，尽管其中最反复出现的主题似乎被忽视了:以反射和并列的形式镜像。这种风格效果的后果往往超过了他的创作，是可见的，甚至在他的弟子Sára saudkov的照片。受战争暴行的影响，捷克斯洛伐克共产主义政权不承认他是艺术家，也失去了前妻和孩子的理解，他仍然忠于自己的愿景，与一直困扰他的媚俗作斗争。矛盾的是，在八十多岁的扬·索戴克自我批判的真诚中，明显反映了对他艺术价值的认可。
{"title":"Saudek’s Mirrors","authors":"Radu Stănese","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Jan Saudek’s photographic work is crossed by a series of leitmotifs identified and dissected by the scalpel of the critics, although the most recurring of them seems to have been neglected: mirroring, in the form of reflection and juxtaposition. This stylistic effect has consequences which often exceed his creation, being visible even in the photographs of his disciple Sára Saudková. Affected by the atrocities of the war, unrecognized as an artist by the Czechoslovak communist regime and deprived of the understanding of his ex-wives and children, he remains true to his visions, fighting the kitsch that always haunted him. Paradoxically, in the self-critical sincerity of the octogenarian Jan Saudek, the recognition of his artistic value is obviously mirrored.","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"127 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43188517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Caused by the lack of ecological education and the precariousness of knowledge and documentation from scientific sources, in the field of environment and conservation, but also given the context of intensely publicized episodes of the human-bear conflict, a significant part of the Romanian media covers such topics in a sensational-ist and unilateral manner, amplifying the idea of imminent danger and implicitly inducing emotions and feelings of fear, panic and hostility in relation to the brown bear (Ursus arctos), a wild species protected by law in Romania and in Europe. At another level of professionalism, the Romanian media outlets that practice quality journalism, cover the events in which brown bears are involved from a more equidistant view, with more responsibility, using data, reports, scientific studies and / or experts in the field of Environmental Science and Conservation. Unfortunately, the category of reactive, sensationalist, superficial approaches, with emphasis on the emotional side, clearly exceeds quantitatively the category of professional, factual, balanced approaches, which provide context and perspectives of specialists, constructively problematizing the situation of brown bears.
{"title":"Reflections on Journalism Education for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Conservation. Approaches and Narratives of the Romanian Media about Brown Bears","authors":"Minodora Salcudean","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Caused by the lack of ecological education and the precariousness of knowledge and documentation from scientific sources, in the field of environment and conservation, but also given the context of intensely publicized episodes of the human-bear conflict, a significant part of the Romanian media covers such topics in a sensational-ist and unilateral manner, amplifying the idea of imminent danger and implicitly inducing emotions and feelings of fear, panic and hostility in relation to the brown bear (Ursus arctos), a wild species protected by law in Romania and in Europe. At another level of professionalism, the Romanian media outlets that practice quality journalism, cover the events in which brown bears are involved from a more equidistant view, with more responsibility, using data, reports, scientific studies and / or experts in the field of Environmental Science and Conservation. Unfortunately, the category of reactive, sensationalist, superficial approaches, with emphasis on the emotional side, clearly exceeds quantitatively the category of professional, factual, balanced approaches, which provide context and perspectives of specialists, constructively problematizing the situation of brown bears.","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"36 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46733198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract José Donoso described, in his novel The Obscene Bird of Night (1970), the particular way in which an old and noble family, Azcoitía, gradually decays and eventually dies out. Of course, allusions to the progressive degradation of the contemporary Chilean society, to interpersonal relations in a world living exclusively under the sign of social conventions are the constant concerns of the Chilean author and all these are illustrated through the story of Jerónimo and the Azcoitía family, tentatively written by Humberto Peñaloza. The text of this amazing and great Latin American novel is dominated by two strongly interconnected essential issues: the monster and power. The monster might represent, according to the opinions formulated by Michel Foucault (in his famous study entitled History of Madness), a threat to all the general accepted social conventions, offering to the reader another type of literary discourse, which undermines the pre-existing aesthetic order and reveals some new and original potentialities of contemporary literature itself.
{"title":"José Donoso, The Obscene Bird of Night. Monsters, Power, Violence","authors":"Rodica Grigore","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract José Donoso described, in his novel The Obscene Bird of Night (1970), the particular way in which an old and noble family, Azcoitía, gradually decays and eventually dies out. Of course, allusions to the progressive degradation of the contemporary Chilean society, to interpersonal relations in a world living exclusively under the sign of social conventions are the constant concerns of the Chilean author and all these are illustrated through the story of Jerónimo and the Azcoitía family, tentatively written by Humberto Peñaloza. The text of this amazing and great Latin American novel is dominated by two strongly interconnected essential issues: the monster and power. The monster might represent, according to the opinions formulated by Michel Foucault (in his famous study entitled History of Madness), a threat to all the general accepted social conventions, offering to the reader another type of literary discourse, which undermines the pre-existing aesthetic order and reveals some new and original potentialities of contemporary literature itself.","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"45 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48940973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper continues the analyses developed in the article “To Come or Not to Come: A Content Analysis of the Refugee Crisis in the Romanian Mass Media,” published by Saeculum (Number 50, Issue 2, 2020). Based on a sample consisting of 94 news stories and press materials published in a range of Romanian online newspapers, this study explores the mass media discourse focused on the refugee crisis in the European Union. The content analysis performed on this dataset is structured along four dimensions: (1) firstly, it examines how the Romanian media discourse framed the refugee crisis in terms of “international solidarity” versus “national interest”; (2) secondly, it looks at the root causes that are attributed by the media discourse to explain the refugee crisis; (3) thirdly, the analysis evaluates the presence of stereotypes embedded in the media discourse by investigating if connections are made between the refugees’ religious identity and a presumable terrorist threat; (4) and fourthly, the paper examines the ethnicities on which the media discourse is focused in these reports on the refugee crisis.
{"title":"To Be or Not to Be a Refugee: Content Analyzing the Mass Media Discourse of the Refugee Crisis in Romania","authors":"Fawzia G. Rehejeh","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper continues the analyses developed in the article “To Come or Not to Come: A Content Analysis of the Refugee Crisis in the Romanian Mass Media,” published by Saeculum (Number 50, Issue 2, 2020). Based on a sample consisting of 94 news stories and press materials published in a range of Romanian online newspapers, this study explores the mass media discourse focused on the refugee crisis in the European Union. The content analysis performed on this dataset is structured along four dimensions: (1) firstly, it examines how the Romanian media discourse framed the refugee crisis in terms of “international solidarity” versus “national interest”; (2) secondly, it looks at the root causes that are attributed by the media discourse to explain the refugee crisis; (3) thirdly, the analysis evaluates the presence of stereotypes embedded in the media discourse by investigating if connections are made between the refugees’ religious identity and a presumable terrorist threat; (4) and fourthly, the paper examines the ethnicities on which the media discourse is focused in these reports on the refugee crisis.","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"66 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44059826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In visual anthropology there are three different directions, overlapping but also competing with each other at the same time: there is the visual anthropology itself, which focuses mainly on the production of ethnographic and folklore film, for promotion and teaching; another kind of visual anthropology aims at the study of pictorial means usually represented by television and film; and the third subcategory is the anthropology of visual communication (anthropology of the visual), the most ambitious of the three, which includes the anthropological study of all forms of cultural visuality, as well as the production of visual media for anthropological purposes. An overview on the epistemological and methodological implications of visual anthropology reveals a whole new direction of research, in which the role of the scientific text must be rethought in the light of nonverbal means.
{"title":"Visual Anthropology vs. Anthropology of Visual Communication","authors":"Radu Stănese","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In visual anthropology there are three different directions, overlapping but also competing with each other at the same time: there is the visual anthropology itself, which focuses mainly on the production of ethnographic and folklore film, for promotion and teaching; another kind of visual anthropology aims at the study of pictorial means usually represented by television and film; and the third subcategory is the anthropology of visual communication (anthropology of the visual), the most ambitious of the three, which includes the anthropological study of all forms of cultural visuality, as well as the production of visual media for anthropological purposes. An overview on the epistemological and methodological implications of visual anthropology reveals a whole new direction of research, in which the role of the scientific text must be rethought in the light of nonverbal means.","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"17 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43549742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In the Romanian language, there are differences in the assessment of prepositions based on the linguistic knowledge. For the analyzed structures of the Romanian language, the article uses the competence theory of Coseriu (1980, 1988). In his theory there are three forms of judgment used as criteria to distinguish between the different types of knowledge: the first type refers to the general language competence, the ability of the speaker to speak congruently, the second type refers to the ability to use a single language correctly and the third rated the ability to speak appropriately corresponding to the matter, to the listeners and to the situation. The structures like: pahar de apă / pahar cu apă (water glass/ glass (with) water) are for many linguists - including Coseriu – a very confusing example of language use. Since the reasons for that (and the solutions) have not been so clearly presented in the research as in the case of the regional varieties, the aim of the article is to present more precisely - based on Coseriu’s competence theory - the nature of the deviations in the use of language and the circumstances under which mistakes are accepted.
摘要在罗马尼亚语中，根据语言学知识对介词的评价存在差异。对于罗马尼亚语的结构分析，本文采用了Coseriu（19801988）的能力理论。在他的理论中，有三种形式的判断被用作区分不同类型知识的标准：第一类是指一般语言能力，即说话者说话连贯的能力，第二类是指正确使用单一语言的能力，听众和情况。像pahar de apă/pahar cu apă（水玻璃/水玻璃）这样的结构对许多语言学家来说都是一个非常令人困惑的语言使用例子，包括Coseriu。由于研究中没有像区域变体那样清楚地说明原因（以及解决方案），因此本文的目的是基于Coseriu的能力理论，更准确地说明语言使用偏差的性质以及接受错误的情况。
{"title":"Some Observations concerning the Communication Competence in Romanian","authors":"I. Cretu","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the Romanian language, there are differences in the assessment of prepositions based on the linguistic knowledge. For the analyzed structures of the Romanian language, the article uses the competence theory of Coseriu (1980, 1988). In his theory there are three forms of judgment used as criteria to distinguish between the different types of knowledge: the first type refers to the general language competence, the ability of the speaker to speak congruently, the second type refers to the ability to use a single language correctly and the third rated the ability to speak appropriately corresponding to the matter, to the listeners and to the situation. The structures like: pahar de apă / pahar cu apă (water glass/ glass (with) water) are for many linguists - including Coseriu – a very confusing example of language use. Since the reasons for that (and the solutions) have not been so clearly presented in the research as in the case of the regional varieties, the aim of the article is to present more precisely - based on Coseriu’s competence theory - the nature of the deviations in the use of language and the circumstances under which mistakes are accepted.","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"56 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49298867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The wisdom expressed by the great epic Hindu story is for one to do his own duty, even partially, than doing better someone else’s duty. Even partial, the fulfillment of his own duty makes possible the connection of individuals and communities to the larger, greater universal harmony. This is dharma. Obeying dharma, fulfilling the inherent duty, means taking part to the greater plan set up besides individual petty interests and selfish actions. Whenever dharma is in danger, no longer praised by humans, the world is on the brink of chaos. There is the moment when the avatar of the Great Lord Vishnu is taking his humanly aspect, teaching the lesson of dharma, destroying the world and even the whole humanity if needed, in order to restore universal harmony, as depicted in the epic story of Mahābhārata.
{"title":"The archetype of the pathetic man, between objectivation and objectification","authors":"D. Dragoman","doi":"10.2478/saec-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The wisdom expressed by the great epic Hindu story is for one to do his own duty, even partially, than doing better someone else’s duty. Even partial, the fulfillment of his own duty makes possible the connection of individuals and communities to the larger, greater universal harmony. This is dharma. Obeying dharma, fulfilling the inherent duty, means taking part to the greater plan set up besides individual petty interests and selfish actions. Whenever dharma is in danger, no longer praised by humans, the world is on the brink of chaos. There is the moment when the avatar of the Great Lord Vishnu is taking his humanly aspect, teaching the lesson of dharma, destroying the world and even the whole humanity if needed, in order to restore universal harmony, as depicted in the epic story of Mahābhārata.","PeriodicalId":42120,"journal":{"name":"SAECULUM","volume":"51 1","pages":"104 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43562914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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