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Design your life: user-initiated design of technology to empower autistic young adults 设计你的生活:用户主导的技术设计,赋予自闭症的年轻人权力
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-04 DOI: 10.1108/jet-11-2021-0064
T. Waardenburg, Niels van Huizen, J. V. van Dijk, K. Dortmans, M. Magnée, Wouter Staal, J. Teunisse, M. van der Voort
PurposeThis article describes the development and initial experiences of Design Your Life, a new design approach implementing user-initiated design of technological environments that support autistic young adults to live independently.Design/methodology/approach This article makes use of a phenomenological Research-through-Design approach. Investigation of possible ways in which a set of four guiding principles could be applied into a design toolkit for autistic young adults and their caregivers by means of three design case studies was conducted. Promising methods from the design practice and literature were applied and contrasted with the lived experiences and practical contexts of autistic young adults and their caregivers.FindingsThis exploratory research yielded several important insights for the design direction of Design Your Life. Reflecting on how the guiding principles played out in practice it was noted that: the case studies showed that stakeholders appreciate the approach. The design principles applied cannot be used without the help of a sparring partner. This suggests that caregivers may be trained in design-thinking to fulfil this role. The Design Your Life method will be iteratively developed, refined and validated in practice.Originality/valueThe presented approach puts design tools in the hands of the people who will use the technology. Furthermore, the approach sees technologies as empowering interventions by which a person can strengthen their own living environment. According to this article, this approach is new for this application. It provides valuable perspectives and considerations for autistic people, caregivers, researchers and policy makers.
目的本文描述了“设计你的生活”的发展和最初体验,这是一种新的设计方法,实现了用户自主设计的技术环境,支持自闭症年轻人独立生活。设计/方法论/方法这篇文章使用了一种现象学研究通过设计方法。通过三个设计案例研究,研究了将一套四项指导原则应用于自闭症年轻人及其照顾者设计工具包的可能方法。应用设计实践和文献中有希望的方法,并与自闭症年轻人及其照顾者的生活经历和实践背景进行对比。发现这项探索性研究为“设计你的生活”的设计方向提供了一些重要见解。在反思指导原则在实践中的作用时,有人指出:案例研究表明,利益攸关方赞赏这种做法。如果没有陪练伙伴的帮助,就无法使用所应用的设计原则。这表明,护理人员可能会接受设计思维方面的培训,以发挥这一作用。“设计你的生活”方法将在实践中不断发展、完善和验证。独创性/价值所提出的方法将设计工具交到将使用该技术的人手中。此外,该方法将技术视为赋权干预措施,通过这些干预措施,一个人可以加强自己的生活环境。根据本文,这种方法对于这个应用程序来说是新的。它为自闭症患者、护理人员、研究人员和政策制定者提供了宝贵的视角和考虑。
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引用次数: 1
Immersive robotic telepresence system to support a person with intellectual and motor disabilities perform a daily task: a case study 支持智力和运动障碍者执行日常任务的沉浸式机器人远程呈现系统:一个案例研究
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.1108/jet-05-2022-0042
L. Desideri, Lisa Cesario, Chiara Sidoti, Massimiliano Malavasi
PurposeIn this proof-of-concept study, the authors assessed the feasibility of using a humanoid robot controlled remotely via an immersive telepresence system to support a person with intellectual and motor disabilities performing a daily task (i.e. setting a table for lunch).Design/methodology/approachThe system involved a head-mounted display and two joysticks. A teleoperator was able to see through the video cameras of the robot and deliver the instructions verbally to the participant located in a different room. To assess the system, a baseline phase (A) was followed by an intervention (i.e. tele-operated support) phase (B) and a return to a baseline phase (A).FindingsData showed a marked increase in the average frequency of task steps correctly performed from baseline (M = 15%) to intervention (M = 93%). Accuracy reached 100% in the return to baseline.Originality/valueThese preliminary findings, along with qualitative feedback from users, suggest that an immersive telepresence system may be used to provide remote support to people with intellectual and motor disabilities.
目的在这项概念验证研究中,作者评估了使用通过沉浸式远程呈现系统远程控制的人形机器人来支持智力和运动障碍者执行日常任务(即为午餐摆桌子)的可行性。设计/方法/方法该系统包括一个头戴式显示器和两个操纵杆。远程操作员能够透过机器人的摄像机看到,并将指令口头传达给位于不同房间的参与者。为了评估该系统,基线阶段(a)之后是干预(即远程操作支持)阶段(B),然后返回基线阶段(a)。发现数据显示,从基线(M=15%)到干预(M=93%),正确执行任务步骤的平均频率显著增加。在返回基线时,准确率达到100%。原创性/价值这些初步发现,加上用户的定性反馈,表明沉浸式远程呈现系统可以用于为智力和运动障碍者提供远程支持。
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引用次数: 0
3D printed children's prostheses as enabling technology? The experience of children with upper limb body differences 3D打印儿童义肢成为赋能技术?小儿上肢体表经验差异
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.1108/jet-02-2022-0017
Melike Şahinol
PurposeThis paper examines the extent to which 3D printed children's prostheses function as enabling technology. The focus lies on the experiences of children with upper limb body differences using 3D printed prostheses in the context of (posthuman) cyborg theories.Design/methodology/approachThis article is based on several years of field research applying a grounded theory approach. (Health) technology and the body are examined with special regard to the vulnerability of the technology user who is, also, the technology designer. Taking these children's particular vulnerability and sensitivity into account, the method of “cultural probes” was further developed applying distributed socio-(bio-)technical probes, which conceive soma design as the matter of a socio-material world.FindingsIt was shown that the e-NABLE device is not only a socially enabling somatechnic but can itself be limiting, vulnerable and painful for children due to its materiality. The somatechnical construction of children's bodies and identities are presented as heroic figures, which, in part, produces and experiences a corporeal being that is based on and identifies with these heroes and heroines – but may not always be in the interests of children with disabilities. In order to meet these children's needs, the author argues in line with crip technoscience that 3D printed prostheses should be co-developed with (and specifically for) them.Originality/valueThis paper is the first of its kind to consider the daily lives of children with 3D printed prostheses and their experiences as knowers and makers of such. This paper adds to the body of knowledge in the field of crip technoscience and enabling technologies.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon 10.1108/JET-02-2022-0017
目的研究3D打印的儿童假肢在多大程度上起到了使能技术的作用。重点是在(后人类)半机械人理论的背景下,有上肢身体差异的儿童使用3D打印假肢的经历。设计/方法论/方法这篇文章是基于几年的实地研究,采用了扎根的理论方法。(健康)技术和身体的检查要特别注意技术用户的脆弱性,技术用户也是技术设计者。考虑到这些儿童的特殊脆弱性和敏感性,应用分布式社会(生物)技术探针进一步发展了“文化探针”的方法,将躯体设计视为社会物质世界的问题。研究结果表明,e-NABLE设备不仅是一种社交性的躯体技术,而且由于其物质性,它本身对儿童来说可能是有限的、脆弱的和痛苦的。儿童身体和身份的身体技术构建被呈现为英雄形象,在一定程度上,英雄形象产生并体验了一种基于这些英雄并认同这些英雄的物质存在,但可能并不总是符合残疾儿童的利益。为了满足这些儿童的需求,作者认为,根据crip技术科学,3D打印假肢应该与他们共同开发(并专门为他们开发)。独创性/价值这篇论文首次考虑了使用3D打印假肢的儿童的日常生活,以及他们作为了解和制造假肢的人的经历。本文补充了crip技术科学和使能技术领域的知识。同行评审本文的同行评审历史记录可访问:https://publons.com/publon10.1108/JET-02-2022-0017
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引用次数: 0
Design opportunities for future development of crisis communication technologies for marginalised groups – Co-designing with Swedish disability organisations 面向边缘群体的危机沟通技术未来发展的设计机会——与瑞典残疾组织共同设计
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-06 DOI: 10.1108/jet-01-2022-0006
Elisabet M. Nilsson, J. Lundälv, Magnus Eriksson
PurposeThe purpose is to firstly, provide an example of how voices of people with various disabilities (motor, visual, hearing, and neuropsychiatric impairments) can be listened to and involved in the initial phases of a co-design process (Discover, Define). Secondly, to present the outcome of the joint explorations as design opportunities pointing out directions for future development of crisis communication technologies supporting people with disabilities in building crisis preparedness. The study was conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study assumes a design research approach including a literature review, focus group interviews, a national online survey and collaborative (co-)design workshops involving crisis communicators and representatives of disability organisations in Sweden. The research- and design process was organised in line with the Double Diamond design process model consisting of the four phases: Discover, Define, Develop and Deliver, whereof the two first phases are addressed in this paper.FindingsThe analysis of the survey data resulted in a series of challenges, which were presented to and evaluated by crisis communicators and representatives from the disability organisations at the workshops. Seven crisis communication challenges were identified, for example, the lack of understanding and knowledge of needs, conditions and what it means to build crisis preparedness for people with disabilities, the lack of and/or inability to develop digital competencies and the lack of social crisis preparedness. The challenges were translated into design opportunities to be used in the next step of the co-design process (Develop, Deliver).Originality/valueThis research paper offers both a conceptual approach and empirical perspectives of design opportunities in crisis communication. To translate identified challenges into design opportunities starting with a “How Might We”, creates conditions for both researchers, designers and people with disabilities to jointly turn something complex, such as a crisis communication challenge, into something concrete to act upon. That is, their joint explorations do not stop by “knowing”, but also enable them to in the next step take action by developing potential solutions for crisis communication technologies for facing these challenges.
目的首先,提供一个例子,说明如何在联合设计过程的初始阶段(发现、定义)倾听和参与各种残疾(运动、视觉、听力和神经精神障碍)的声音。其次,将联合探索的成果作为设计机会,为未来危机通信技术的发展指明方向,支持残疾人建立危机准备。这项研究是在新冠肺炎大流行期间进行的。设计/方法论/方法本研究采用设计研究方法,包括文献综述、焦点小组访谈、全国在线调查和瑞典危机沟通者和残疾组织代表参加的合作(共同)设计研讨会。研究和设计过程是根据双钻石设计过程模型组织的,该模型由四个阶段组成:发现、定义、开发和交付,本文讨论了第一阶段的两个阶段。调查结果对调查数据的分析产生了一系列挑战,危机传播者和残疾组织的代表在研讨会上向他们介绍了这些挑战并对其进行了评估。确定了七个危机沟通挑战,例如,对残疾人的需求、条件以及建立危机准备意味着什么缺乏理解和了解,缺乏和/或无法发展数字能力,以及缺乏社会危机准备。这些挑战被转化为设计机会,用于联合设计过程的下一步(开发、交付)。独创性/价值这篇研究论文提供了危机沟通中设计机会的概念方法和经验视角。从“我们可能如何”开始,将已确定的挑战转化为设计机会,为研究人员、设计师和残疾人共同将复杂的事情(如危机沟通挑战)转化为具体的行动创造了条件。也就是说,他们的共同探索不仅限于“知道”,还使他们能够在下一步采取行动,开发应对这些挑战的危机通信技术的潜在解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
Structural accessibility barriers and service gaps facing refugees with disabilities in the United States 美国残疾难民面临的结构性无障碍障碍障碍和服务差距
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1108/jet-11-2021-0054
Foad Hamidi, Zulekha Karachiwalla
PurposeThe purpose of the scoping study was to understand the experiences of refugees with disabilities and their families in the US from expert service-provider perspectives, including gaps in resources and services. The authors also investigated challenges and opportunities for technology intervention in this space.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted semi-structured interviews with six experts who serve refugees in the United States. The authors asked them about the experiences of refugees with disabilities and their families and inquired into challenges and opportunities for technology access for this population.FindingsThe authors found that refugees and their families are significantly impacted by disabilities and mental health challenges. Additionally, while refugees have access to resources and services, they face a number of structural barriers, including the need to navigate a complex healthcare system, geographic placements that sometimes make it difficult to access employment or healthcare services, and issues with accessing public transit.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the current study is that the authors did not collect data directly from refugees with disabilities.Practical implicationsThe authors offer several directions for practical improvements based on the findings, including improving structural support for refugees with disabilities and incentivizing health care providers utilizing more culturally aware language services.Originality/valueWhile the number of refugees worldwide has doubled in the past decade and there is consensus that a significant number of refugees experience disabilities and mental health challenges, few projects have looked into the technology needs of refugees with disabilities. The exploratory study provides population-level insights on the experiences and accessibility barriers of refugees with disabilities in the United States.
目的范围界定研究的目的是从专家服务提供者的角度了解美国残疾难民及其家人的经历,包括资源和服务方面的差距。作者还调查了这一领域技术干预的挑战和机遇。设计/方法/方法作者对六名在美国为难民服务的专家进行了半结构化访谈。提交人向他们询问了残疾难民及其家人的经历,并询问了这些人在获得技术方面面临的挑战和机遇。研究结果作者发现,难民及其家人受到残疾和心理健康挑战的严重影响。此外,尽管难民可以获得资源和服务,但他们面临着许多结构性障碍,包括需要驾驭复杂的医疗系统、有时难以获得就业或医疗服务的地理位置,以及使用公共交通的问题。研究局限性/含义当前研究的主要局限性是作者没有直接从残疾难民那里收集数据。实际含义作者根据研究结果提供了几个实际改进的方向,包括改善对残疾难民的结构性支持,并激励医疗保健提供者利用更具文化意识的语言服务。独创性/价值尽管在过去十年中,世界各地的难民人数翻了一番,人们一致认为,大量难民面临残疾和心理健康挑战,但很少有项目研究残疾难民的技术需求。这项探索性研究提供了关于美国残疾难民的经历和无障碍障碍障碍的人口层面的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Access and tinkering: designing assistive technologies as political practice–A discussion with Zeynep Karagöz, Thomas Miebach and Daniel Wessolek 获取和修补:将辅助技术设计为政治实践——与Zeynep Karagöz、Thomas Miebach和Daniel Wessolek的讨论
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-30 DOI: 10.1108/jet-01-2022-0005
T. Bieling, Melike Şahinol, Robert Stock, Anna–Lena Wiechern
PurposeThis contribution shows perspectives of experts from different disciplines and professional backgrounds in order to elaborate on maker approaches such as do-it-yourself prosthetics and collaborative tools. As a result, aspects of open source practices related to medical and assistive technologies will be critically reflected upon. In addition, implications of heterogeneous interests, economic implications and everyday achievements of social material assemblages produced through participatory design research are discussed.Design/methodology/approachIn order to address an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspective on the relationships between body (differences) and technology, it is necessary to bring together studies from both Science and Technology Studies (STS) and crip technoscience as well as approaches from participatory design research and practice. This challenge was addressed by a roundtable organized as part of the third network meeting of the Dis/Ability and Digital Media Research Network on 16 September 2020.FindingsAgainst the backdrop of “crip technoscience” DIY and collaborative open source practices are not only understood as valuable alternatives to standardized medical prosthetics and assistive devices. These bottom-up approaches which draw from the expert knowledge of disabled users (Hamraie and Fritsch, 2019) also facilitate devices that defy categories such as “prosthetic” or “medical aid” not only aesthetically but semantically, too.Originality/valueThe Network Dis/Abilities and Digital Media intends to integrate media and technology studies with disability studies on a theoretical level. This round table discussion delivers proof of how – on the practical level – technology and dis/ability need to be thought of as relational and co-constitutive (Mills and Sterne, 2017).
这篇文章展示了来自不同学科和专业背景的专家的观点,以阐述自制假肢和协作工具等创客方法。因此,与医疗和辅助技术相关的开源实践的各个方面将得到批判性的反思。此外,本文还讨论了参与式设计研究产生的异质利益的影响、经济影响和社会物质组合的日常成就。设计/方法/方法为了解决身体(差异)与技术之间关系的跨学科和跨学科观点,有必要将科学与技术研究(STS)和crip技术科学的研究以及参与式设计研究和实践的方法结合起来。2020年9月16日,作为残疾/能力和数字媒体研究网络第三次网络会议的一部分,组织了一次圆桌会议,讨论了这一挑战。在“蹩脚科技”的背景下,DIY和协作开源实践不仅被认为是标准化医疗假肢和辅助设备的有价值的替代品。这些从残疾用户的专业知识中汲取的自下而上的方法(Hamraie和Fritsch, 2019)也促进了不仅在美学上而且在语义上无视“假肢”或“医疗辅助”等类别的设备。《网络疾病/能力与数字媒体》旨在将媒介和技术研究与残疾研究在理论层面上结合起来。这次圆桌讨论提供了证据,证明了在实践层面上,技术和残疾/能力需要被视为相互关系和共同构成的(Mills和Sterne, 2017)。
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引用次数: 0
Using rhythm for rehabilitation: the acceptability of a novel haptic cueing device in extended stroke rehabilitation 使用节律康复:一种新型触觉提示装置在延长中风康复中的可接受性
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1108/jet-01-2021-0003
J. Tetley, Simon Holland, S. Caton, Glenis Donaldson, Theodoros Georgiou, F. Visi, R. Stockley
PurposeRestoration of walking ability is a key goal to both stroke survivors and their therapists. However, the intensity and duration of rehabilitation available after stroke can be limited by service constraints, despite the potential for improvement which could reduce health service demands in the long run. The purpose of this paper is to present qualitative findings from a study that explored the acceptability of a haptic device aimed at improving walking as part of an extended intervention in stroke rehabilitation.Design/methodology/approachPre-trial focus groups and post-trial interviews to assess the acceptability of Haptic Bracelets were undertaken with seven stroke survivors.FindingsFive themes were identified as impacting on the acceptability of the Haptic Bracelet: potential for improving quality of life; relationships with technology; important features; concerns; response to trial and concentration. Participants were interested in the haptic bracelet and hoped it would provide them with more confidence making them: feel safer when walking; have greater ability to take bigger strides rather than little steps; a way to combat mistakes participants reported making due to tiredness and reduced pain in knees and hips.Originality/valueHaptic Bracelets are an innovative development in the field of rhythmic cueing and stroke rehabilitation. The haptic bracelets also overcome problems encountered with established audio-based cueing, as their use is not affected by external environmental noise.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon 10.1108/JET-01-2021-0003
目的恢复行走能力是中风幸存者及其治疗师的一个关键目标。然而,中风后可获得的康复的强度和持续时间可能受到服务限制的限制,尽管从长远来看,这种改善可能会减少保健服务需求。本文的目的是提出一项研究的定性结果,该研究探讨了一种旨在改善行走的触觉装置作为中风康复扩展干预的一部分的可接受性。设计/方法/方法对7名中风幸存者进行了试验前焦点小组和试验后访谈,以评估触觉手环的可接受性。研究结果确定了影响Haptic手环可接受性的五个主题:提高生活质量的潜力;与技术的关系;重要的特性;担忧;对试验和浓度的反应。参与者对触觉手环很感兴趣,希望它能给他们带来更多自信,让他们:走路时感觉更安全;有更强的能力迈出更大的步伐,而不是小步前进;这是一种对抗参与者因疲劳而犯的错误,减少膝盖和臀部疼痛的方法。原创性/价值触觉手环是节奏提示和中风康复领域的创新发展。这种触觉手环还克服了现有的基于音频的提示所遇到的问题,因为它们的使用不受外部环境噪音的影响。同行评议本文的同行评议历史可在:https://publons.com/publon 10.1108/JET-01-2021-0003
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引用次数: 0
Guest editorial: Applications of virtual reality in autism research 客座编辑:虚拟现实在自闭症研究中的应用
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.1108/jet-06-2022-078
Tammy-Ann Husselman, Sarune Savickaite, Elliot Millington, T. Arthur, Emma Hayashibara, Rebecca Taylor
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引用次数: 0
Everyday technology to support basic communication and leisure of individuals with extensive neuro-motor and speech impairments 支持患有广泛神经运动和言语障碍的个人的基本交流和休闲的日常技术
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-09 DOI: 10.1108/jet-04-2022-0032
Fiora D’amico, Filippo Boscia, Andrea Cannone, Gloria Alberti, G. Lancioni
PurposeThe study was to develop and test a new technology-aided program to support basic communication and leisure of people with extensive neuro-motor and speech impairments.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out according to a non-concurrent multiple baseline design across three participants. During the intervention, the participants used the new program. This relied on a smartphone, a tablet, and radio frequency identification tags, and allowed the participants to make communication and leisure choices via small hand movements. Communication choices involved the possibility of sending messages or making telephone calls to preferred persons. Leisure choices involved the possibility of accessing preferred music, comedy, and sport or television shows.FindingsDuring the intervention, the participants were highly successful in activating communication and leisure events independently. They had mean cumulative engagement times of about 7–8.5 min per 10-min session.Originality/valueThe new program is easily accessible and affordable in terms of the technology components involved and appears highly suitable and friendly for individuals who have only limited hand movement.
目的本研究旨在开发和测试一种新的技术辅助程序,以支持患有广泛神经运动和言语障碍的人的基本交流和休闲。设计/方法/方法本研究根据三名参与者的非并发多基线设计进行。在干预过程中,参与者使用了新程序。这依赖于智能手机、平板电脑和射频识别标签,并允许参与者通过小手的动作做出交流和休闲选择。通信选择包括向首选人员发送信息或打电话的可能性。休闲选择包括访问首选音乐、喜剧、体育或电视节目的可能性。发现在干预过程中,参与者在独立激活交流和休闲活动方面非常成功。他们的平均累积参与时间约为每10分钟7-8.5分钟。独创性/价值就所涉及的技术组件而言,新程序易于访问且价格合理,对于手部活动受限的个人来说,它非常适合且友好。
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引用次数: 1
Neurodivergent participatory action research for Virtual Reality (VR) 虚拟现实中的神经发散参与式动作研究
IF 2.2 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-02 DOI: 10.1108/jet-05-2022-0037
Elliot Millington, Emma Hayashibara, T. Arthur, Tammy-Ann Husselman, Sarune Savickaite, Rebecca Taylor
PurposeThis paper aims to raise awareness of and argue for the use of participatory methods for the research and development of Virtual Reality (VR) applications designed for neurodivergent groups. This includes exploring why it is important to meaningfully include neurodivergent groups and the benefits their inclusion provide.Design/methodology/approachVR is becoming increasingly widespread as a consumer product and interventional tool. It is vital for researchers and developers to embrace best practices in these early stages of using the technology, making certain that neurodivergent people have the best possible outcomes.FindingsThe neurodivergent community is dissatisfied with many of the research directions currently being undertaken. This dissatisfaction arises from conflicting priorities between different stakeholders and the lack of input from the community. Participatory research brings neurodivergent people into the research process, whether as members of the research team or as consultants at key steps. Effective participatory research ensures that the priorities of the neurodivergent community are better incorporated in research, as well as enabling the development of more effective applications for VR.Originality/valueParticipatory methods are unutilised in the development of applications aimed for neurodivergent people. By describing their use and utility in other areas, this article aims to encourage other VR researchers to take neurodivergent people on board.
目的本文旨在提高人们对参与式方法的认识,并主张使用参与式方法来研究和开发为神经分化群体设计的虚拟现实(VR)应用程序。这包括探索为什么有意义地纳入神经分化群体很重要,以及它们的纳入所带来的好处。设计/方法论/方法VR作为一种消费产品和介入工具正变得越来越广泛。对于研究人员和开发人员来说,在使用该技术的早期阶段采用最佳实践至关重要,以确保神经分化的人获得尽可能好的结果。发现神经分化群体对目前正在进行的许多研究方向感到不满。这种不满源于不同利益相关者之间的优先事项冲突以及社区缺乏投入。参与式研究将神经分化的人带入研究过程,无论是作为研究团队的成员还是关键步骤的顾问。有效的参与式研究确保神经分化群体的优先事项更好地纳入研究,并有助于开发更有效的VR应用程序。原创/价值参与式方法在开发针对神经分化人群的应用程序时未被使用。通过描述它们在其他领域的用途和效用,本文旨在鼓励其他VR研究人员将神经分化的人纳入其中。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Enabling Technologies
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