Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965417
H. Karimipour, V. Dinavahi
Synchronous generators are normally represented in a simplified fashion to reduce computational complexity in dynamic state estimation (DSE). In this paper a dynamic state estimator for a sixth-order synchronous generator model was developed on the massively parallel graphic processing units (GPU) to provide detailed and accurate Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based estimation of the generator states. The estimation results are compared with the time domain simulation results on the CPU to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. Also a speed-up of 10.02 for a 5120 generator system is reported.
{"title":"On detailed synchronous generator modeling for massively parallel dynamic state estimation","authors":"H. Karimipour, V. Dinavahi","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965417","url":null,"abstract":"Synchronous generators are normally represented in a simplified fashion to reduce computational complexity in dynamic state estimation (DSE). In this paper a dynamic state estimator for a sixth-order synchronous generator model was developed on the massively parallel graphic processing units (GPU) to provide detailed and accurate Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based estimation of the generator states. The estimation results are compared with the time domain simulation results on the CPU to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. Also a speed-up of 10.02 for a 5120 generator system is reported.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121344465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965432
Rajes Rangarajan, Zongfei Wang
Financial transmission rights (FTRs) are financial instruments that aid participants in hedging against uncertainty in congestion cost. FTRs are funded by congestion rent from the physical market. ISOs ensure financial revenue adequacy by running a simultaneous feasibility test (SFT) to guarantee that available funds cover FTR payments. However, the ability of SFT to guarantee this revenue adequacy is contingent upon a static system topology. Consequently, topology changes in real time could cause revenue inadequacy. Past literature focuses on addressing this issue by policy modifications to real-time topology control. This paper attempts to resolve the revenue inadequacy issue by proposing modifications directly to the SFT.
{"title":"An improved simultaneous feasibility test to alleviate revenue inadequacy in FTR markets","authors":"Rajes Rangarajan, Zongfei Wang","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965432","url":null,"abstract":"Financial transmission rights (FTRs) are financial instruments that aid participants in hedging against uncertainty in congestion cost. FTRs are funded by congestion rent from the physical market. ISOs ensure financial revenue adequacy by running a simultaneous feasibility test (SFT) to guarantee that available funds cover FTR payments. However, the ability of SFT to guarantee this revenue adequacy is contingent upon a static system topology. Consequently, topology changes in real time could cause revenue inadequacy. Past literature focuses on addressing this issue by policy modifications to real-time topology control. This paper attempts to resolve the revenue inadequacy issue by proposing modifications directly to the SFT.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131232779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965413
M. Faqiry, Rupam Kundu, R. Mukherjee, Sanjoy Das, A. Pahwa
This paper models and analyzes the consumption and trading patterns of electrical energy in islanded microgrids when the generation is restricted to renewable resources such as photovoltaic (PV) panels. With the producers and consumers of the grid represented as agents, the impact of the following two scenarios on the agents' utilities as well as the social welfare are investigated during the islanded period: (i) trading with fixed price; (ii) trading with variable price. In order to reflect real-world behavior, Nash equilibrium (NE) in user (agent) behavior is established by means of evolutionary optimization i.e. Genetic Algorithm (GA), such that each user maximizes its individual utility. The users' utilities consider both income from trade as well as the monetary equivalent of satisfaction derived from energy consumption. The latter is sufficiently generalized as it incorporates fixed loads whose utility curves are modeled as saturating nonlinearities, as well as discrete shiftable loads that can be scheduled over any time interval during the isolation period. Simulation results of this study are expected to have widespread ramifications in designing the future distribution systems.
{"title":"Game theoretic model of energy trading strategies at equilibrium in microgrids","authors":"M. Faqiry, Rupam Kundu, R. Mukherjee, Sanjoy Das, A. Pahwa","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965413","url":null,"abstract":"This paper models and analyzes the consumption and trading patterns of electrical energy in islanded microgrids when the generation is restricted to renewable resources such as photovoltaic (PV) panels. With the producers and consumers of the grid represented as agents, the impact of the following two scenarios on the agents' utilities as well as the social welfare are investigated during the islanded period: (i) trading with fixed price; (ii) trading with variable price. In order to reflect real-world behavior, Nash equilibrium (NE) in user (agent) behavior is established by means of evolutionary optimization i.e. Genetic Algorithm (GA), such that each user maximizes its individual utility. The users' utilities consider both income from trade as well as the monetary equivalent of satisfaction derived from energy consumption. The latter is sufficiently generalized as it incorporates fixed loads whose utility curves are modeled as saturating nonlinearities, as well as discrete shiftable loads that can be scheduled over any time interval during the isolation period. Simulation results of this study are expected to have widespread ramifications in designing the future distribution systems.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130333368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965386
S. H. Elyas, P. Mandal, A. U. Haque, A. Giani, T. Tseng
This paper presents an efficient approach for solving the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem with valve-point effect using a new hybrid optimization algorithm. The main aim for solving ELD problem is to schedule the output of the committed generating units in order to meet the system load under various operating constraints. Since ELD is a non-linear and non-convex problem, stochastic search algorithms are considered as appropriate solutions. In this paper, the proposed new hybrid optimization algorithm is based on Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA) that uses the positive features of two other optimization techniques, Gases Brownian Motion Optimization (GBMO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), for local search and improving the quality of initial population, respectively. To validate the efficiency of the proposed hybrid method, termed as PG-Clonal in this paper, we tested it on two systems considering different constraints, and the obtained results are compared with the results of existing stochastic search algorithms available in the literature. The test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new hybrid PG-Clonal method in solving the ELD problem efficiently.
{"title":"A new hybrid optimization algorithm for solving economic load dispatch problem with valve-point effect","authors":"S. H. Elyas, P. Mandal, A. U. Haque, A. Giani, T. Tseng","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965386","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an efficient approach for solving the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem with valve-point effect using a new hybrid optimization algorithm. The main aim for solving ELD problem is to schedule the output of the committed generating units in order to meet the system load under various operating constraints. Since ELD is a non-linear and non-convex problem, stochastic search algorithms are considered as appropriate solutions. In this paper, the proposed new hybrid optimization algorithm is based on Clonal Selection Algorithm (CSA) that uses the positive features of two other optimization techniques, Gases Brownian Motion Optimization (GBMO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), for local search and improving the quality of initial population, respectively. To validate the efficiency of the proposed hybrid method, termed as PG-Clonal in this paper, we tested it on two systems considering different constraints, and the obtained results are compared with the results of existing stochastic search algorithms available in the literature. The test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed new hybrid PG-Clonal method in solving the ELD problem efficiently.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126163358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965467
Qin Yan, Bei Zhang, M. Kezunovic
This paper focuses on the development of computational optimization algorithm to provide energy-based driving guidance for electric vehicle (EV) drivers to use the limited resource efficiently. The proposed efficiency improving strategy that minimizes total energy consumption according to various driving scenarios is demonstrated and analyzed. Several factors such as regenerative energy coefficient, stop-and-go frequency, inclination of ground, wind speed, etc. have been taken into consideration in the case studies.
{"title":"Optimization of electric vehicle movement for efficient energy consumption","authors":"Qin Yan, Bei Zhang, M. Kezunovic","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965467","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the development of computational optimization algorithm to provide energy-based driving guidance for electric vehicle (EV) drivers to use the limited resource efficiently. The proposed efficiency improving strategy that minimizes total energy consumption according to various driving scenarios is demonstrated and analyzed. Several factors such as regenerative energy coefficient, stop-and-go frequency, inclination of ground, wind speed, etc. have been taken into consideration in the case studies.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128521017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965438
M. Vega, J. L. Naredo, O. Ramos-Leaños
Phase-domain line models and, specifically, the Universal Line Model (ULM) are among the most used transmission line and cable representations in electromagnetic transient analysis. It is shown in this paper that these models involve two types of convolution processes; thus, their practical implementation can be done through digital filters. It is shown that the standard implementation of the ULM corresponds to a well-known filter realization: the parallel array of first order filters. Two additional model realizations are reported here that are based on parallel arrays of second order filters: one with canonical structures and the other with lattices. These three realizations are tested on an application example.
{"title":"Digital filter realizations of a phase domain transmission line model for electromagnetic transient analysis","authors":"M. Vega, J. L. Naredo, O. Ramos-Leaños","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965438","url":null,"abstract":"Phase-domain line models and, specifically, the Universal Line Model (ULM) are among the most used transmission line and cable representations in electromagnetic transient analysis. It is shown in this paper that these models involve two types of convolution processes; thus, their practical implementation can be done through digital filters. It is shown that the standard implementation of the ULM corresponds to a well-known filter realization: the parallel array of first order filters. Two additional model realizations are reported here that are based on parallel arrays of second order filters: one with canonical structures and the other with lattices. These three realizations are tested on an application example.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125047868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965358
A. Nagarajan, R. Ayyanar
This paper proposes a network modeling technique using a graph search algorithm for model development of large distribution feeders in an electromagnetic transient program. Large scale penetration of distributed energy resources in the existing distribution feeders impacts the dynamic behavior and pose the motivation to perform a transient analysis on the distribution feeders. This paper proposes a generalized framework to develop the feeder model suitable for transient analysis. A complete model of the distribution feeder will be developed with the purpose to capture the long-term transients such as interaction with other control devices, cloud transients, and voltage flicker. For this purpose a test distribution system is chosen with 738 nodes, 1142 sections, 174 transformers, 107 PV generators, and 287 spot loads. The test feeder has been modeled in MATLAB/Simulink for performing the transient analysis.
{"title":"Modeling large distribution feeders for transient analysis using graph search algorithms","authors":"A. Nagarajan, R. Ayyanar","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965358","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a network modeling technique using a graph search algorithm for model development of large distribution feeders in an electromagnetic transient program. Large scale penetration of distributed energy resources in the existing distribution feeders impacts the dynamic behavior and pose the motivation to perform a transient analysis on the distribution feeders. This paper proposes a generalized framework to develop the feeder model suitable for transient analysis. A complete model of the distribution feeder will be developed with the purpose to capture the long-term transients such as interaction with other control devices, cloud transients, and voltage flicker. For this purpose a test distribution system is chosen with 738 nodes, 1142 sections, 174 transformers, 107 PV generators, and 287 spot loads. The test feeder has been modeled in MATLAB/Simulink for performing the transient analysis.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126944303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965421
Wenyue Yang, D. Geiger, S. Halpin
It is of interest to determine if the applicable harmonic distortion limits of customer installations will change after the smart grid reconfigures the power system. There is wide acceptance that the smart grid will improve the power system by making it more efficient, reliable, and secure. However, there may be appreciable changes to the applicable harmonic distortion limits of the customer installations when the smart grid reconfigures the power system bus connections. This phenomenon may be an issue of concern in implementing smart grid technologies. A 30-bus power system will be used as the test system to determine if the customer's harmonic distortion limits will vary based on how the power system is connected. The variations in the harmonic distortion limit for various customers will be collected, analyzed and presented. It will be shown that the smart grid reconfiguration process will change the harmonic distortion limits of some of the customer installations. Future standardization will need to account for this phenomenon so that the power system will continue to operate in an efficient, reliable, and secure manner.
{"title":"A study of harmonic distortion limit changes during the reconfiguration process of the smart grid","authors":"Wenyue Yang, D. Geiger, S. Halpin","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965421","url":null,"abstract":"It is of interest to determine if the applicable harmonic distortion limits of customer installations will change after the smart grid reconfigures the power system. There is wide acceptance that the smart grid will improve the power system by making it more efficient, reliable, and secure. However, there may be appreciable changes to the applicable harmonic distortion limits of the customer installations when the smart grid reconfigures the power system bus connections. This phenomenon may be an issue of concern in implementing smart grid technologies. A 30-bus power system will be used as the test system to determine if the customer's harmonic distortion limits will vary based on how the power system is connected. The variations in the harmonic distortion limit for various customers will be collected, analyzed and presented. It will be shown that the smart grid reconfiguration process will change the harmonic distortion limits of some of the customer installations. Future standardization will need to account for this phenomenon so that the power system will continue to operate in an efficient, reliable, and secure manner.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127900471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965374
Xichen Jiang, A. Domínguez-García
This paper presents a set-theoretic method to capture the effects of uncertainty on the generation side of a power system; this uncertainty arises from the increasing penetration of renewable resources such as wind and solar into existing systems. Using this method, we can determine whether the system state variables are within acceptable ranges as dictated by operational requirements. We bound all possible values that the uncertain generation can take by a zonotope and propagate it through a linearized power flow model, resulting in another zonotope that captures all possible variations in the system static state variables. For verification, we test our proposed method on the IEEE 123-bus distribution system and the IEEE 145-bus, 50-machine transmission system.
{"title":"A zonotope-based method for capturing the effect of variable generation on the power flow","authors":"Xichen Jiang, A. Domínguez-García","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965374","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a set-theoretic method to capture the effects of uncertainty on the generation side of a power system; this uncertainty arises from the increasing penetration of renewable resources such as wind and solar into existing systems. Using this method, we can determine whether the system state variables are within acceptable ranges as dictated by operational requirements. We bound all possible values that the uncertain generation can take by a zonotope and propagate it through a linearized power flow model, resulting in another zonotope that captures all possible variations in the system static state variables. For verification, we test our proposed method on the IEEE 123-bus distribution system and the IEEE 145-bus, 50-machine transmission system.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133631633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-24DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965433
Muhammad Alsadah, F. Mancilla–David
The intent of this paper is to implement a simplified model for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) to be used as an interface between a photovoltaic power plant and the ac grid. MMC-based topologies as well as photovoltaic (PV) arrays feature a large number of components, and therefore difficult to be simulated in detail. Because of this, researchers have developed simplified models for both the MMC and PV arrays to account for their terminal behavior. This paper makes use of terminal behavioral modeling techniques for MMCs and PV arrays proposed in the literature, developing a full model for a single-stage grid-connected PV power plant. The paper demonstrates via computer simulations the ability of the MMC to perform maximum power point tracking while injecting adjustable reactive power, similar to that of conventional two-level voltage source converters.
{"title":"Modeling and control of grid-connected photovoltaic power plants utilizing a simplified model of the modular multilevel converter","authors":"Muhammad Alsadah, F. Mancilla–David","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2014.6965433","url":null,"abstract":"The intent of this paper is to implement a simplified model for a modular multilevel converter (MMC) to be used as an interface between a photovoltaic power plant and the ac grid. MMC-based topologies as well as photovoltaic (PV) arrays feature a large number of components, and therefore difficult to be simulated in detail. Because of this, researchers have developed simplified models for both the MMC and PV arrays to account for their terminal behavior. This paper makes use of terminal behavioral modeling techniques for MMCs and PV arrays proposed in the literature, developing a full model for a single-stage grid-connected PV power plant. The paper demonstrates via computer simulations the ability of the MMC to perform maximum power point tracking while injecting adjustable reactive power, similar to that of conventional two-level voltage source converters.","PeriodicalId":421766,"journal":{"name":"2014 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128155255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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