Based on previous fieldwork research we compare two generations of owner-managers of large and medium-size Hungarian privately owned companies. Members of the first group started business after the collapse of the socialist economy in 1989–1990. This group consists mainly of “privatisers” or successful players in the secondary economy. The members of the second group are successful younger entrepreneurs who started private businesses in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Concerning their managerial skills, business strategy, and cultural-political preferences we found remarkable differences between the two groups. Description and careful analysis of these differences may help us to explore the expected behavior of the new generation of entrepreneurs. A characteristic business strategy is a mixture of conflict avoidance and soft cooperation with the government. It remains an open question whether these behavioral modifications will be sufficient for survival and development or whether the autocratic system will force further changes in business behavior.
{"title":"Generational Change in the Society of Hungarian Large Entrepreneurs: Expected Developments","authors":"M. Laki","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Based on previous fieldwork research we compare two generations of owner-managers of large and medium-size Hungarian privately owned companies. Members of the first group started business after the collapse of the socialist economy in 1989–1990. This group consists mainly of “privatisers” or successful players in the secondary economy. The members of the second group are successful younger entrepreneurs who started private businesses in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Concerning their managerial skills, business strategy, and cultural-political preferences we found remarkable differences between the two groups. Description and careful analysis of these differences may help us to explore the expected behavior of the new generation of entrepreneurs. A characteristic business strategy is a mixture of conflict avoidance and soft cooperation with the government. It remains an open question whether these behavioral modifications will be sufficient for survival and development or whether the autocratic system will force further changes in business behavior.","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43139129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Lithuanian context of an increased need for care in old age is framed by the demographic trends, such as population aging, the intense emigration of younger generations, and a significant proportion of older people living alone on the one hand, and on the other the strong support represented by filial duties in respect of care and insufficiently developed social services. How do older people experience and handle the situation? This paper uses qualitative interviews (N=27) to analyze the preferences and experiences of care among older people living alone in Lithuania. Based on the study findings, older people seek to maintain their agency under all circumstances related to care, and informal support is appreciated as providing more such options. Formal social services are rejected for reasons including distrust, the lack of social skills, or the cost and insufficient accessibility of such services.
{"title":"The Approach to Care Among Older People Living Alone in Lithuania","authors":"G. Rapolienė, Margarita Gedvilaitė- Kordušienė","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Lithuanian context of an increased need for care in old age is framed by the demographic trends, such as population aging, the intense emigration of younger generations, and a significant proportion of older people living alone on the one hand, and on the other the strong support represented by filial duties in respect of care and insufficiently developed social services. How do older people experience and handle the situation? This paper uses qualitative interviews (N=27) to analyze the preferences and experiences of care among older people living alone in Lithuania. Based on the study findings, older people seek to maintain their agency under all circumstances related to care, and informal support is appreciated as providing more such options. Formal social services are rejected for reasons including distrust, the lack of social skills, or the cost and insufficient accessibility of such services.","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49193490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents the concept of capitals developed by Pierre Bourdieu in the light of the problems of competition between public entities, in particular local government units, and entrepreneurs outside the public utility sphere. The presented analysis sheds a new light on the multi-faceted competition between public and private entities in the field of economy, in particular on the cultural and social aspects of such competition. Pierre Bourdieu’s universal theory of the sociology of law may be successfully used in studying various aspects of the presented issues, which are often erroneously considered to be only economic factors in the common belief.
{"title":"The Competition Between Local Government and Entrepreneurs in the View of Pierre Bourdieu’s Concept of Capitals","authors":"Przemyslaw Brzozowski","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the concept of capitals developed by Pierre Bourdieu in the light of the problems of competition between public entities, in particular local government units, and entrepreneurs outside the public utility sphere. The presented analysis sheds a new light on the multi-faceted competition between public and private entities in the field of economy, in particular on the cultural and social aspects of such competition. Pierre Bourdieu’s universal theory of the sociology of law may be successfully used in studying various aspects of the presented issues, which are often erroneously considered to be only economic factors in the common belief.","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46332972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research examined factors predicting the financial well-being of older people and how financial well-being was associated with life satisfaction among older adults in Vietnam using a national survey. We found that income, assets, health status, and demographic factors were significantly associated with older adults’ financial well-being. The results also revealed that, for older adults, subjective financial well-being was positively associated with life satisfaction, but among the objective financial well-being indicators only the number of assets was directly related to life satisfaction. On the other hand, income might be indirectly related to life satisfaction through subjective financial well-being. The results were consistent across various measures of subjective financial well-being.
{"title":"An Empirical Investigation on Subjective Financial Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Older Adults in Vietnam","authors":"Long Thanh Giang, Tuen Nguyen","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This research examined factors predicting the financial well-being of older people and how financial well-being was associated with life satisfaction among older adults in Vietnam using a national survey. We found that income, assets, health status, and demographic factors were significantly associated with older adults’ financial well-being. The results also revealed that, for older adults, subjective financial well-being was positively associated with life satisfaction, but among the objective financial well-being indicators only the number of assets was directly related to life satisfaction. On the other hand, income might be indirectly related to life satisfaction through subjective financial well-being. The results were consistent across various measures of subjective financial well-being.","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43652626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A couple of studies in Ethiopia have explored the impacts of social capital on measles vaccinations. However, the basic relationship between social capital and measles vaccination remains unexplained. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of caregivers’ structural social capital on measles vaccinations among nine-month-old infants in Ethiopia. The 2011 first round worldwide Young Lives Survey dataset for Ethiopia was utilized, and the situation of 1652 children living with a mother/father was analyzed through the clustered sample and logistic regression. Results show that caregivers’ social interaction and membership (professional union, political, religious and funeral/credit groups), social support (from political pioneers, government officials, charitable NGOs, family/relatives, and friends), and collective activities (which they join along with other family units, and talk to local authorities) were significantly positively associated with measles vaccination at a 0.05 significance level after adjusting for covariates. Any future attempts to advance measles vaccination status in Ethiopia without understanding caregivers’ social group enrolment, social support, and collective activity are likely to be unsuccessful.
{"title":"Social Capital and Vaccination: A Case Study of Measles Vaccination Among Nine–Months–Old Children in Ethiopia","authors":"Endrias Liranso, Fangru Yang","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"A couple of studies in Ethiopia have explored the impacts of social capital on measles vaccinations. However, the basic relationship between social capital and measles vaccination remains unexplained. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of caregivers’ structural social capital on measles vaccinations among nine-month-old infants in Ethiopia. The 2011 first round worldwide Young Lives Survey dataset for Ethiopia was utilized, and the situation of 1652 children living with a mother/father was analyzed through the clustered sample and logistic regression. Results show that caregivers’ social interaction and membership (professional union, political, religious and funeral/credit groups), social support (from political pioneers, government officials, charitable NGOs, family/relatives, and friends), and collective activities (which they join along with other family units, and talk to local authorities) were significantly positively associated with measles vaccination at a 0.05 significance level after adjusting for covariates. Any future attempts to advance measles vaccination status in Ethiopia without understanding caregivers’ social group enrolment, social support, and collective activity are likely to be unsuccessful.","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47825631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.10
{"title":"Thank You to Reviewers of Previous Years","authors":"","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48148780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The literature on second-hand consumption contends that such practices started to become more and more popular and their spread can be linked both to austerity and reflexive, ethical consumption. The purpose of this descriptive-exploratory qualitative investigation was to study the motivations of shopping for second-hand clothes and how such practice is structured among interviewees who described their clothes shopping behaviour as being centred around second-hand shops (i.e. they usually buy their clothes from second-hand settings). Interviewees are residing in Covasna and Harghita counties of Romania (alsko known as Szeklerland), i.e. in a relatively disadvantaged region of the country. The narratives showed that the interviewees prefer to shop in second-hand settings due to economic, hedonistic, and, to a lesser extent, ethical-environmental motivations. Thus, second-hand consumption seems to be a matter of indulging contexts and affordable opportunities. The results confirm those previous findings of the literature according to which even in economically disadvantaged contexts second-hand consumption can have more diverse explanations than austerity. Other results showed that extrinsic cues, i.e. quality, price, shopping atmosphere count a lot, while conspicuous cues such as brand are less important. Interviewees differ in whether they prefer to visit second-hand shops alone or in groups, but in each of the cases hedonist motivations are equally accentuated.
{"title":"“There’s More to It Than Buying Cheap Clothes…” A Qualitative Study of Second-Hand Clothes Shopping in the Szeklerland Region (Transylvania, Romania)","authors":"L. Nistor","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on second-hand consumption contends that such practices started to become more and more popular and their spread can be linked both to austerity and reflexive, ethical consumption. The purpose of this descriptive-exploratory qualitative investigation was to study the motivations of shopping for second-hand clothes and how such practice is structured among interviewees who described their clothes shopping behaviour as being centred around second-hand shops (i.e. they usually buy their clothes from second-hand settings). Interviewees are residing in Covasna and Harghita counties of Romania (alsko known as Szeklerland), i.e. in a relatively disadvantaged region of the country. The narratives showed that the interviewees prefer to shop in second-hand settings due to economic, hedonistic, and, to a lesser extent, ethical-environmental motivations. Thus, second-hand consumption seems to be a matter of indulging contexts and affordable opportunities. The results confirm those previous findings of the literature according to which even in economically disadvantaged contexts second-hand consumption can have more diverse explanations than austerity. Other results showed that extrinsic cues, i.e. quality, price, shopping atmosphere count a lot, while conspicuous cues such as brand are less important. Interviewees differ in whether they prefer to visit second-hand shops alone or in groups, but in each of the cases hedonist motivations are equally accentuated.","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46802320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to determine whether son preference exists in Bangladesh and to identify different sociodemographic factors that affected women's movement from one parity to another parity. The analysis was carried out on 17006 women selected from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health survey of 2017-18 who at the time of interview met the criteria of being married and had at least one living child. The probability of women's movement from one parity to another was assessed using the binary logistic regression method. The effect of variables such as the education of women and their partner education, work status of woman, partner profession, age at first marriage, place of residence, religion, access to mass media, wealth index, and the administrative division was played important determinants of parity progression of women. The study found that parity movement is also associated with the number of living sons. At parity 2 and parity 3, women with no sons were more likely to move to the next parity than those with at least one son. Moreover, women who had higher education, living in the urban area, and have access to mass media were found significant factors to decrease the odds of movement from one parity to another. Besides, respondents from Chittagong and Sylhet divisions were more likely to have subsequent birth than other divisions.
{"title":"Effects of Son Preference and Sociodemographic Determinants on Parity Progression in Bangladesh","authors":"M. E. Hossain","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine whether son preference exists in Bangladesh and to identify different sociodemographic factors that affected women's movement from one parity to another parity. The analysis was carried out on 17006 women selected from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health survey of 2017-18 who at the time of interview met the criteria of being married and had at least one living child. The probability of women's movement from one parity to another was assessed using the binary logistic regression method. The effect of variables such as the education of women and their partner education, work status of woman, partner profession, age at first marriage, place of residence, religion, access to mass media, wealth index, and the administrative division was played important determinants of parity progression of women. The study found that parity movement is also associated with the number of living sons. At parity 2 and parity 3, women with no sons were more likely to move to the next parity than those with at least one son. Moreover, women who had higher education, living in the urban area, and have access to mass media were found significant factors to decrease the odds of movement from one parity to another. Besides, respondents from Chittagong and Sylhet divisions were more likely to have subsequent birth than other divisions.","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45420171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Research Network on Ageing in Europe (RN01) of the European Sociological Association organised the 6th Midterm Conference of the network in Vienna from 13-15 July 2022. The conference was opened by Liat Ayalon’s keynote speech, which discussed the concept of ageism with illustrations from several fields such as long-term care, the relationship between older people and everyday technology and climate change policy, etc. Ageism is defined as stereotypes, prejudice, or discrimination against people based on their chronological age. Most concern is raised by practices of ageism that discriminate against a specific age group, but ageism can also mean positive discrimination and can be directed towards people of any age. The keynote lecture highlighted that the Covid pandemic has exacerbated ageism. Older people were depicted as vulnerable groups and as a burden to society. In terms of long-term care, research has found that residents’ voices in US nursing homes were excluded in reporting about the pandemic. Ageist practices have also surfaced in the area of health-care triage decisions and vaccination policies.
{"title":"Report From the Conference “Ageing in Europe: Towards More Inclusive Societies, Research and Policy","authors":"Csaba G. Tóth","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2022.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The Research Network on Ageing in Europe (RN01) of the European\u0000Sociological Association organised the 6th Midterm Conference of the network\u0000in Vienna from 13-15 July 2022. The conference was opened by Liat Ayalon’s\u0000keynote speech, which discussed the concept of ageism with illustrations from\u0000several fields such as long-term care, the relationship between older people\u0000and everyday technology and climate change policy, etc. Ageism is defined\u0000as stereotypes, prejudice, or discrimination against people based on their\u0000chronological age. Most concern is raised by practices of ageism that discriminate\u0000against a specific age group, but ageism can also mean positive discrimination\u0000and can be directed towards people of any age. The keynote lecture highlighted\u0000that the Covid pandemic has exacerbated ageism. Older people were depicted\u0000as vulnerable groups and as a burden to society. In terms of long-term care,\u0000research has found that residents’ voices in US nursing homes were excluded in\u0000reporting about the pandemic. Ageist practices have also surfaced in the area of\u0000health-care triage decisions and vaccination policies.","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43731728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper provides an overview of the literature related to peer status and popularity. First, it reviews the theoretical and measurement issues related to the concept of popularity, then a review of the empirical findings with regards to the most important behavioral and personality correlates of status and popularity are presented. The correlates currently inspected are the following: athleticism, aggression, prosocial and risk behavior, academic engagement and performance, leadersip abilities, and other personality traits (e.g. the Big Five). While most of the literature comes from developmental psychology and the quantitative field, the author intends to balance, as much as possible, the sociological, psychological and evolutionary perspectives, as well as the quantitative and qualitative literature. The paper also briefly discusses the effect of peer norms and ethnic and gender differences.
{"title":"Informal Status Among Adolescents: A Literature Review","authors":"Ákos Bocskor","doi":"10.14267/cjssp.2021.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2021.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides an overview of the literature related to peer status and popularity. First, it reviews the theoretical and measurement issues related to the concept of popularity, then a review of the empirical findings with regards to the most important behavioral and personality correlates of status and popularity are presented. The correlates currently inspected are the following: athleticism, aggression, prosocial and risk behavior, academic engagement and performance, leadersip abilities, and other personality traits (e.g. the Big Five). While most of the literature comes from developmental psychology and the quantitative field, the author intends to balance, as much as possible, the sociological, psychological and evolutionary perspectives, as well as the quantitative and qualitative literature. The paper also briefly discusses the effect of peer norms and ethnic and gender differences.","PeriodicalId":42178,"journal":{"name":"Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47020705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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