Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185839
T. Piotrowski
Summary form only given. The author discusses the methodology of AT&T's approach to synchronization of its telecommunication network using Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) receivers in its Primary Reference Clock (PRC) systems. Each PRC utilizes a triad of GPS and rubidium references along with special analysis software. The result is an ultrastable, verifiable, digital timing signal which is typically one hundred times better than the CCITT G.811 requirements. This system provides timing signals without having a track satellites continuously. Statistical processing of data using a triple point array of GPS and dual disciplineable rubidiums ensures stable output signals. The AT&T synchronization network thus operates plesiochronously, considering the multiple PRC sites located throughout the continental United States. However, these PRCs are all operating synchronously via the GPS satellite system.<>
{"title":"Synchronization of telecommunication network using a Global Positioning Satellite","authors":"T. Piotrowski","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185839","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The author discusses the methodology of AT&T's approach to synchronization of its telecommunication network using Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) receivers in its Primary Reference Clock (PRC) systems. Each PRC utilizes a triad of GPS and rubidium references along with special analysis software. The result is an ultrastable, verifiable, digital timing signal which is typically one hundred times better than the CCITT G.811 requirements. This system provides timing signals without having a track satellites continuously. Statistical processing of data using a triple point array of GPS and dual disciplineable rubidiums ensures stable output signals. The AT&T synchronization network thus operates plesiochronously, considering the multiple PRC sites located throughout the continental United States. However, these PRCs are all operating synchronously via the GPS satellite system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"2371 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130430997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185864
S. Kohli
Summary form only given. The author considers the use of a massively parallel signal processing architecture in GPS (Global Positioning System)/inertial sensors to acquire satellite signals in fractions of a second (vs. tens of seconds today), as well as the GPS-inertial synchronization and mechanization required to extend the current application of Kalman filtering to estimating and eliminating continuous-wave jammer has also been explored. Satellite signal acquisition results based on analyses, verified by simulation and live data, have been obtained for both C/A and P-code acquisition in the presence of jammer. Similar data have been obtained for tracking in a high jamming environment. All results are with the Honeywell GG1308 RLG-based IRU and an IEC GPS sensor.<>
{"title":"Application of massively parallel signal processing architectures to GPS/inertial systems","authors":"S. Kohli","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185864","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The author considers the use of a massively parallel signal processing architecture in GPS (Global Positioning System)/inertial sensors to acquire satellite signals in fractions of a second (vs. tens of seconds today), as well as the GPS-inertial synchronization and mechanization required to extend the current application of Kalman filtering to estimating and eliminating continuous-wave jammer has also been explored. Satellite signal acquisition results based on analyses, verified by simulation and live data, have been obtained for both C/A and P-code acquisition in the presence of jammer. Similar data have been obtained for tracking in a high jamming environment. All results are with the Honeywell GG1308 RLG-based IRU and an IEC GPS sensor.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128307330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185829
W. S. Watson
The common north-seeking gyroscope (NSG) is a free gyroscope with damped precession such that it will align itself parallel to the Earth's spin axis. The author presents an improved NSG which still uses the Earth's spin to sense north but, instead of physical displacement, the orientation to north is determined by sensing the Earth spin rate vector through scanning horizontally with an angular rate sensor and using electronic filtering with digital signal processing to then refine the accuracy. Underlying theoretical limits of accuracy and a discussion of the primary applications are presented.<>
{"title":"Improved north seeking gyro","authors":"W. S. Watson","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185829","url":null,"abstract":"The common north-seeking gyroscope (NSG) is a free gyroscope with damped precession such that it will align itself parallel to the Earth's spin axis. The author presents an improved NSG which still uses the Earth's spin to sense north but, instead of physical displacement, the orientation to north is determined by sensing the Earth spin rate vector through scanning horizontally with an angular rate sensor and using electronic filtering with digital signal processing to then refine the accuracy. Underlying theoretical limits of accuracy and a discussion of the primary applications are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130416768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185841
K. Pflieger, P. Enge, K. Clements
Modern electrical power networks use control techniques in order to ensure the security of the network, where the security of a power network is its ability to withstand failures. Currently, an estimate of the state is computed using the method of least squares on data consisting of network structural data and a sufficient set of bus voltage magnitude and power flow measurements. It is shown that, using GPS (Global Positioning System) time to synchronize measurements, the measurement data set can be augmented with accurate voltage phase measurements. By incorporating accurate phase measurements from buses at major substations in the power network, more accurate state estimates can be computed. More importantly, however, bad measurements can be isolated more easily and removed from the estimation process altogether, yielding an even more accurate state-estimate. Accuracies of 1 mu s are easily achieved for synchronization via GPS time, giving relative phase measurement accuracies of sigma =282 mu rad. A GPS receiver and synchronization system would be very small and potentially inexpensive, as the prices of GPS receivers are decreasing rapidly.<>
{"title":"Improving power network state estimation using GPS time transfer","authors":"K. Pflieger, P. Enge, K. Clements","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185841","url":null,"abstract":"Modern electrical power networks use control techniques in order to ensure the security of the network, where the security of a power network is its ability to withstand failures. Currently, an estimate of the state is computed using the method of least squares on data consisting of network structural data and a sufficient set of bus voltage magnitude and power flow measurements. It is shown that, using GPS (Global Positioning System) time to synchronize measurements, the measurement data set can be augmented with accurate voltage phase measurements. By incorporating accurate phase measurements from buses at major substations in the power network, more accurate state estimates can be computed. More importantly, however, bad measurements can be isolated more easily and removed from the estimation process altogether, yielding an even more accurate state-estimate. Accuracies of 1 mu s are easily achieved for synchronization via GPS time, giving relative phase measurement accuracies of sigma =282 mu rad. A GPS receiver and synchronization system would be very small and potentially inexpensive, as the prices of GPS receivers are decreasing rapidly.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127732294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185814
S. Wu, W. Melbourne
A formula is derived to optimally combine dual-frequency GPS (Global Positioning System) pseudorange and carrier phase data streams into a single equivalent data stream, reducing the data volume and computing time in the filtering process for parameter estimation by a factor of four. The resulting single data stream is that of carrier phase measurements with both data noise and bias uncertainty strictly defined. With this analytical formula the single stream of equivalent GPS measurements can be efficiently formed by simple numerical calculations without any degradation in data strength. The formulation for the optimally combined GPS data and their covariances are given in closed form. Carrier phase ambiguity resolution, when feasible, is improved due to the preservation of the full data strength with the optimal data combining process.<>
{"title":"An optimal GPS data processing technique","authors":"S. Wu, W. Melbourne","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185814","url":null,"abstract":"A formula is derived to optimally combine dual-frequency GPS (Global Positioning System) pseudorange and carrier phase data streams into a single equivalent data stream, reducing the data volume and computing time in the filtering process for parameter estimation by a factor of four. The resulting single data stream is that of carrier phase measurements with both data noise and bias uncertainty strictly defined. With this analytical formula the single stream of equivalent GPS measurements can be efficiently formed by simple numerical calculations without any degradation in data strength. The formulation for the optimally combined GPS data and their covariances are given in closed form. Carrier phase ambiguity resolution, when feasible, is improved due to the preservation of the full data strength with the optimal data combining process.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128134388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185846
K. Koremura
Summary form only given. The author describes a flight test performed in Japan using a GPS (Global Positioning System) navigation system. A low-cost C/A code GPS navigation system (Pioneer AVIC-1) which consists of a three-channel sequential receiver and map display was installed on an experimental aircraft together with VOR/DME airborne experiment and a baro-altimeter. The data collected are position, velocity vector, and DOP derived from GPS and bearing, distance, altitude from VOR/DME/ALT during the entire flight. Fixed-point continuous observation on GPS data was also performed for 24 hours. The flight test results obtained show very high accuracy and smooth track trajectory compared with VOR/DME position data during approach and departure. The continuous observation results indicate that the two-dimensional position fix error and height error of GPS are 25 to 30 m (2* rms) and 70 to 90 m (2* rms), respectively.<>
只提供摘要形式。作者介绍了在日本使用GPS(全球定位系统)导航系统进行的飞行试验。一套低成本C/A代码GPS导航系统(先锋AVIC-1)由一个三通道顺序接收器和地图显示器组成，与VOR/DME机载实验和气压高度表一起安装在一架实验飞机上。收集的数据是整个飞行过程中从GPS和方位、距离、VOR/DME/ALT获得的位置、速度矢量和DOP。还对GPS数据进行了24小时的定点连续观测。所获得的飞行试验结果与VOR/DME在进近和离场过程中的位置数据相比，具有很高的精度和平滑的航迹轨迹。连续观测结果表明，GPS的二维定位误差和高度误差分别为25 ~ 30 m (2* rms)和70 ~ 90 m (2* rms)。
{"title":"Flight test on GPS navigation performance using low cost GPS navigation system","authors":"K. Koremura","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185846","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The author describes a flight test performed in Japan using a GPS (Global Positioning System) navigation system. A low-cost C/A code GPS navigation system (Pioneer AVIC-1) which consists of a three-channel sequential receiver and map display was installed on an experimental aircraft together with VOR/DME airborne experiment and a baro-altimeter. The data collected are position, velocity vector, and DOP derived from GPS and bearing, distance, altitude from VOR/DME/ALT during the entire flight. Fixed-point continuous observation on GPS data was also performed for 24 hours. The flight test results obtained show very high accuracy and smooth track trajectory compared with VOR/DME position data during approach and departure. The continuous observation results indicate that the two-dimensional position fix error and height error of GPS are 25 to 30 m (2* rms) and 70 to 90 m (2* rms), respectively.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129381423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185813
J. Chaffee, J. Abel
The authors explore the possibility of both improved navigation accuracy and computational simplification by using nonlinear filters based on direct solutions to the GPS (Global Positioning System) equations. After reviewing results concerning the existence of sufficient statistics for the nonlinear GPS filtering problem, they introduce the notion of a two-stage estimator in which a direct solution is combined with a time-series smoothing algorithm, such as a constant-gain Kalman filter. This method provides a means for decoupling, in a sense, the spatial and temporal aspects of the GPS filtering problem. Experiments using real data suggest that the method has advantages over the extended filter, in terms of both computational burden and accuracy.<>
{"title":"The GPS filtering problem","authors":"J. Chaffee, J. Abel","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185813","url":null,"abstract":"The authors explore the possibility of both improved navigation accuracy and computational simplification by using nonlinear filters based on direct solutions to the GPS (Global Positioning System) equations. After reviewing results concerning the existence of sufficient statistics for the nonlinear GPS filtering problem, they introduce the notion of a two-stage estimator in which a direct solution is combined with a time-series smoothing algorithm, such as a constant-gain Kalman filter. This method provides a means for decoupling, in a sense, the spatial and temporal aspects of the GPS filtering problem. Experiments using real data suggest that the method has advantages over the extended filter, in terms of both computational burden and accuracy.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128709968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185831
C.E. Hagan, C. S. Lofts
The authors present a novel alignment transfer method which uses only accelerometer measurements in the gravitational field. The TRIAD (three-axis attitude development) algorithm is reformulated to use two pairs of gravitational measurements instead of star observations to achieve three-axis attitude determination. A major benefit of the ABAT method is the freedom to choose missile inertial measurement unit gyroscopes based solely on in-flight considerations. An additional benefit is the ability to update the alignment transfer by simply making new measurements of gravity and reprocessing the measurements taken before erection. The proposed alignment transfer method eliminates time to complete alignment transfer from the major contributors of the alignment error. Algorithm development, error analysis, and laboratory results are provided.<>
{"title":"Accelerometer based alignment transfer (ABAT)","authors":"C.E. Hagan, C. S. Lofts","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185831","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a novel alignment transfer method which uses only accelerometer measurements in the gravitational field. The TRIAD (three-axis attitude development) algorithm is reformulated to use two pairs of gravitational measurements instead of star observations to achieve three-axis attitude determination. A major benefit of the ABAT method is the freedom to choose missile inertial measurement unit gyroscopes based solely on in-flight considerations. An additional benefit is the ability to update the alignment transfer by simply making new measurements of gravity and reprocessing the measurements taken before erection. The proposed alignment transfer method eliminates time to complete alignment transfer from the major contributors of the alignment error. Algorithm development, error analysis, and laboratory results are provided.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"53 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128884772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185852
M. Rogoff
Electronic charts are being demonstrated by a project currently underway involving the installation of an integrated system of charts, positioning, radar, and communications. The first of at least four vessels will be headed for sea during the third quarter of 1992, equipped with a powerful graphics workstation and multiple full-color, high-resolution displays, with connections to a digital radar, GPS (Global Positioning System), Loran, and a satellite communications terminal for rapid and automatic updating of the displayed charts. The project, administered by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, is intended to be both a test and demonstration facility. The demonstration system is expected to exploit the power of integration of various navigation sensors and processors. The combination of chart, positioning, and radar will display the ship's situation relative to its sea environment: the bottom, the aids to navigation, the traffic in the harbor, and the path to its destination.<>
{"title":"Electronic charts as the basis for integrated marine navigation","authors":"M. Rogoff","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185852","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic charts are being demonstrated by a project currently underway involving the installation of an integrated system of charts, positioning, radar, and communications. The first of at least four vessels will be headed for sea during the third quarter of 1992, equipped with a powerful graphics workstation and multiple full-color, high-resolution displays, with connections to a digital radar, GPS (Global Positioning System), Loran, and a satellite communications terminal for rapid and automatic updating of the displayed charts. The project, administered by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, is intended to be both a test and demonstration facility. The demonstration system is expected to exploit the power of integration of various navigation sensors and processors. The combination of chart, positioning, and radar will display the ship's situation relative to its sea environment: the bottom, the aids to navigation, the traffic in the harbor, and the path to its destination.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114703192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185913
K. Mcdonald, V. H. Prushan
Summary form only given, as follows. The development and implementation of the GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite constellation has resulted in widespread use of GPS receivers in civil applications. Although the system is not yet fully operational, there are already more than 60 manufacturers of GPS user equipment offering over 150 different models to the marketplace. The author has surveyed developments in GPS receivers, comparing performance, as well as their electrical, physical, and data interface characteristics. Future trends in receiver capabilities, performance, and price have also been examined, including an assessment of user population growth in various markets and applications.<>
{"title":"An assessment of GPS receivers for navigation and a survey of their applications, performance, physical characteristics and trends","authors":"K. Mcdonald, V. H. Prushan","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185913","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given, as follows. The development and implementation of the GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite constellation has resulted in widespread use of GPS receivers in civil applications. Although the system is not yet fully operational, there are already more than 60 manufacturers of GPS user equipment offering over 150 different models to the marketplace. The author has surveyed developments in GPS receivers, comparing performance, as well as their electrical, physical, and data interface characteristics. Future trends in receiver capabilities, performance, and price have also been examined, including an assessment of user population growth in various markets and applications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116506940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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