Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185847
J. Deckert
It is suggested that TCAS-II (Traffic Alert/Collision Avoidance System II) will evolve from its limited collision-avoidance-only role to become an integral part of the airspace management system. Benefits will be cooperative air traffic procedures, reduced separations, and independent routings.<>
{"title":"Integrating TCAS into the airspace management system","authors":"J. Deckert","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185847","url":null,"abstract":"It is suggested that TCAS-II (Traffic Alert/Collision Avoidance System II) will evolve from its limited collision-avoidance-only role to become an integral part of the airspace management system. Benefits will be cooperative air traffic procedures, reduced separations, and independent routings.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114072005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185911
P. Kim, L. Glaros
Summary form only given. The authors present an application of attitude velocity match algorithms useful for attitude keeping of an interceptor navigation and target acquisition system. It operates by comparing computed attitude and velocity from a high-quality launch vehicle inertial measurement unit (IMU) with the attitude and velocity computed using a strapdown payload IMU. The residual attitude and velocity differences measured during launcher boost, divert manuevers to shape the launcher trajectory, and/or freefall are a direct indication of mechanical misalignments, interceptor initial attitude error, and IMU uncertainties, and are used in a Kalman filter to estimate those quantities. A detailed analysis of a transfer alignment and instrument calibration filter for a payload IMU has been carried out. Also obtained was a complete derivation of the attitude/velocity match algorithms. A filter sizing study was carried out, and the sensitivity of the suboptimal filter to the unmodeled error states and the incorrectly modeled measurement noise and errors are evaluated.<>
{"title":"Concepts for payload to launch vehicle transfer alignment during boost and freefall","authors":"P. Kim, L. Glaros","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185911","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The authors present an application of attitude velocity match algorithms useful for attitude keeping of an interceptor navigation and target acquisition system. It operates by comparing computed attitude and velocity from a high-quality launch vehicle inertial measurement unit (IMU) with the attitude and velocity computed using a strapdown payload IMU. The residual attitude and velocity differences measured during launcher boost, divert manuevers to shape the launcher trajectory, and/or freefall are a direct indication of mechanical misalignments, interceptor initial attitude error, and IMU uncertainties, and are used in a Kalman filter to estimate those quantities. A detailed analysis of a transfer alignment and instrument calibration filter for a payload IMU has been carried out. Also obtained was a complete derivation of the attitude/velocity match algorithms. A filter sizing study was carried out, and the sensitivity of the suboptimal filter to the unmodeled error states and the incorrectly modeled measurement noise and errors are evaluated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"257 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116420027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185893
M. Ueno, S. Hayashi, M. Ide
The authors examine the dynamic accuracy in position provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS), since most operations are conducted while moving. Thus, what is required in this case is not statically, but dynamically, high accuracy. However, few systems are available to get a fixed position at high accuracy for dynamic maneuvering, and the analysis of the dynamic data requires a position-by-position comparison. A dead reckoning system with excellent accuracy has been used for the comparison to GPS position. The value of the results derived using this approach depends heavily on careful synchronization of time during the tests carried out. The results obtained through the latest dynamic tests and applications for future navigation are discussed.<>
{"title":"Land-based evaluation on dynamic accuracy in position provided by Global Positioning System","authors":"M. Ueno, S. Hayashi, M. Ide","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185893","url":null,"abstract":"The authors examine the dynamic accuracy in position provided by the Global Positioning System (GPS), since most operations are conducted while moving. Thus, what is required in this case is not statically, but dynamically, high accuracy. However, few systems are available to get a fixed position at high accuracy for dynamic maneuvering, and the analysis of the dynamic data requires a position-by-position comparison. A dead reckoning system with excellent accuracy has been used for the comparison to GPS position. The value of the results derived using this approach depends heavily on careful synchronization of time during the tests carried out. The results obtained through the latest dynamic tests and applications for future navigation are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127725603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185853
M. Celenk, M. Dibenedetto, J. Rajendran
The authors discuss research whose objective is to optimize the simulation process required for development of the precision distance measuring equipment (DME/P) critical area guidance material. This material is developed from the analysis of error contour plots, which provide the guidance system errors along the desired approach path due to signal scattering from a surface vehicle. The contour data are generated by executing the microwave landing system (MLS) mathematical model considering an interfering surface vehicle positioned at selected locations on an M*N grid and analyzing the model data as described. Optimal grid spacing is necessary to accurately describe the errors as a function of surface vehicle location while minimizing the simulation time required. A method based on the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform is described to estimate the spatial frequency spectrum of the contour data. Once spectral estimates become available, the optimal grid spacing is obtained using the Nyquist sampling theorem. To further reduce the overall processing time of this task, parallel processing is desired. A technique for parallel implementation on a Symult S-2010 message passing system is presented.<>
{"title":"DME/P critical area determination on message passing processors (microwave landing system mathematical model)","authors":"M. Celenk, M. Dibenedetto, J. Rajendran","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185853","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss research whose objective is to optimize the simulation process required for development of the precision distance measuring equipment (DME/P) critical area guidance material. This material is developed from the analysis of error contour plots, which provide the guidance system errors along the desired approach path due to signal scattering from a surface vehicle. The contour data are generated by executing the microwave landing system (MLS) mathematical model considering an interfering surface vehicle positioned at selected locations on an M*N grid and analyzing the model data as described. Optimal grid spacing is necessary to accurately describe the errors as a function of surface vehicle location while minimizing the simulation time required. A method based on the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform is described to estimate the spatial frequency spectrum of the contour data. Once spectral estimates become available, the optimal grid spacing is obtained using the Nyquist sampling theorem. To further reduce the overall processing time of this task, parallel processing is desired. A technique for parallel implementation on a Symult S-2010 message passing system is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127617600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185850
S. Mohleji
A goal of the future air traffic control (ATC) system is to permit aircraft to fly according to their preferences (e.g., direct routes and optimum altitudes). Towards this goal, advanced automated en route ATC (AERA) concepts are currently in the research and development phase to provide a gradual evolution of ATC automation capabilities. The airborne flight management systems (FMSs) can provide accurate information on aircraft states needed to meet the automation objectives of advanced AERA concepts. The impact of user-preferred flight paths and altitudes on future ATC operations is analyzed. The results highlight potential fuel savings for the airspace users. Air/ground functional integration and information flow are discussed to minimize data ambiguities, and to reduce duplication of data in the airborne and ground computers. Computer/human interface requirements are also addressed. Key technical issues which must be addressed in order for the ground system to support flexible use of airspace, and increase system capacity in a diverse mix of aircraft operations are identified. The results presented show that FMS-equipped aircraft could realize significant fuel savings if permitted to fly preferred altitudes using step climbs.<>
{"title":"Flight management systems information exchange with AERA to support future air traffic control concepts","authors":"S. Mohleji","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185850","url":null,"abstract":"A goal of the future air traffic control (ATC) system is to permit aircraft to fly according to their preferences (e.g., direct routes and optimum altitudes). Towards this goal, advanced automated en route ATC (AERA) concepts are currently in the research and development phase to provide a gradual evolution of ATC automation capabilities. The airborne flight management systems (FMSs) can provide accurate information on aircraft states needed to meet the automation objectives of advanced AERA concepts. The impact of user-preferred flight paths and altitudes on future ATC operations is analyzed. The results highlight potential fuel savings for the airspace users. Air/ground functional integration and information flow are discussed to minimize data ambiguities, and to reduce duplication of data in the airborne and ground computers. Computer/human interface requirements are also addressed. Key technical issues which must be addressed in order for the ground system to support flexible use of airspace, and increase system capacity in a diverse mix of aircraft operations are identified. The results presented show that FMS-equipped aircraft could realize significant fuel savings if permitted to fly preferred altitudes using step climbs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124494901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185898
A. Kirson
The author describes a modular approach to the design of an in-vehicle navigation and route guidance system that supports a phased implementation of the technology, and anticipates expected differences in implementation in different parts of the world and for different makes and models of vehicle. A series of sensors in the vehicle are used to determine the vehicle's position by dead reckoning and map-matching. The system then calculates the best route to the selected destination, taking into account the real-time traffic information received from a traffic management center, and presents route guidance instructions to the user as the route is traversed. Attention is given to modularity considerations, vehicle positioning, driver support, vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, and the role of standards.<>
{"title":"ATIS-a modular approach (Advanced Traveler Information Systems)","authors":"A. Kirson","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185898","url":null,"abstract":"The author describes a modular approach to the design of an in-vehicle navigation and route guidance system that supports a phased implementation of the technology, and anticipates expected differences in implementation in different parts of the world and for different makes and models of vehicle. A series of sensors in the vehicle are used to determine the vehicle's position by dead reckoning and map-matching. The system then calculates the best route to the selected destination, taking into account the real-time traffic information received from a traffic management center, and presents route guidance instructions to the user as the route is traversed. Attention is given to modularity considerations, vehicle positioning, driver support, vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, and the role of standards.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129340755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185872
B. Falkenberg, P. Fenton, M. Cannon, G. Lachapelle
Summary form only given. A series of tests involving NovAtel's GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor and a NovAtel CRM (cellular radio module) in a differential kinematic setting was conducted in mid 1991 to assess the accuracies of kinematic GPS positioning. NovAtel has recently developed a GPS receiver. This receiver, available initially for OEM applications, has ten dedicated channels and is capable of extremely accurate and high rate measurements of both the C/A code and the L1 carrier phase of the GPS system.<>
{"title":"Precise real-time kinematic differential GPS using a cellular radio modem","authors":"B. Falkenberg, P. Fenton, M. Cannon, G. Lachapelle","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185872","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. A series of tests involving NovAtel's GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor and a NovAtel CRM (cellular radio module) in a differential kinematic setting was conducted in mid 1991 to assess the accuracies of kinematic GPS positioning. NovAtel has recently developed a GPS receiver. This receiver, available initially for OEM applications, has ten dedicated channels and is capable of extremely accurate and high rate measurements of both the C/A code and the L1 carrier phase of the GPS system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115646720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185851
J. Sørensen, C. Hunter, M. Shen
It is pointed out that significant runway throughput is lost due to ineffective control of aircraft spacing during final approach. The solution is to integrate the terminal air traffic management (ATM) automation process with cockpit avionics via data link. Components of the ultimate integrated TM-cockpit design might include an ATM spacing algorithm that accounts for wake vortex and runway occupancy spacing constraints; downlink of desired final approach speed profile; uplink of desired spacing and threshold crossing times; a heads-up traffic display to provide pilot spacing guidance; a flight management system to drive the aircraft to meet timing requirements; and an ATM display to allow close monitoring of the landing process. The research required to develop this integrated ATM-cockpit concept is presented.<>
{"title":"Requirements for integrated flight and traffic management during final approach","authors":"J. Sørensen, C. Hunter, M. Shen","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185851","url":null,"abstract":"It is pointed out that significant runway throughput is lost due to ineffective control of aircraft spacing during final approach. The solution is to integrate the terminal air traffic management (ATM) automation process with cockpit avionics via data link. Components of the ultimate integrated TM-cockpit design might include an ATM spacing algorithm that accounts for wake vortex and runway occupancy spacing constraints; downlink of desired final approach speed profile; uplink of desired spacing and threshold crossing times; a heads-up traffic display to provide pilot spacing guidance; a flight management system to drive the aircraft to meet timing requirements; and an ATM display to allow close monitoring of the landing process. The research required to develop this integrated ATM-cockpit concept is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125062050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185908
L. Caporicci, C. Soddu
The authors propose a monitoring and warning system based on ground stations capable of supporting reliable operations. The same stations can also be used for the implementation of a differential mode of operation, through the transmission of measurement corrections relevant to the tracked GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites. A combined operation of the stations is implemented in this manner. For civil aviation applications, the system operation can be enhanced with the integration of four multistationary satellites within the GPS space segment. The addition of four multistationary satellites will extend the integrity monitoring and system availability worldwide up to very high latitudes. The adoption of multistationary satellites presents valuable advantages over geostationary satellites. The results of some preliminary simulations are presented for the integrity monitoring and the system availability improvement.<>
{"title":"GPS integrity monitoring and system improvement with ground station and multistationary satellite support","authors":"L. Caporicci, C. Soddu","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185908","url":null,"abstract":"The authors propose a monitoring and warning system based on ground stations capable of supporting reliable operations. The same stations can also be used for the implementation of a differential mode of operation, through the transmission of measurement corrections relevant to the tracked GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites. A combined operation of the stations is implemented in this manner. For civil aviation applications, the system operation can be enhanced with the integration of four multistationary satellites within the GPS space segment. The addition of four multistationary satellites will extend the integrity monitoring and system availability worldwide up to very high latitudes. The adoption of multistationary satellites presents valuable advantages over geostationary satellites. The results of some preliminary simulations are presented for the integrity monitoring and the system availability improvement.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124606976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-03-23DOI: 10.1109/PLANS.1992.185830
P.H. LaFond
The author discusses the various performance error sources in vibrating beam accelerometers and how the model used affects those errors. The data given are from Sundstrand Data Control's RBA-500 accelerometer. The design goal in the RBA-500 has been to achieve minimum cost, size, and weight while relying on good symmetry and crystal matching to provide the common mode error rejection necessary to reach acceptable tactical grade performance. Two force crystals are necessary to reduce errors to reasonable levels. It is noted that various models are available with different accuracies and computational demands, but the microprocessors coming on line should have no trouble handling the task at high sample rates. The chosen model can be massaged to reduce selected errors.<>
讨论了振动梁加速度计的各种性能误差来源以及所采用的模型对这些误差的影响。给出的数据来自Sundstrand data Control的RBA-500加速度计。RBA-500的设计目标是实现最小的成本、尺寸和重量，同时依靠良好的对称性和晶体匹配来提供必要的共模误差抑制，以达到可接受的战术级性能。两个力晶体是必要的，以减少误差到合理的水平。值得注意的是，各种模型具有不同的精度和计算要求，但即将上线的微处理器在处理高采样率的任务时应该没有问题。可以对所选模型进行按摩，以减少所选错误
{"title":"Modeling for error reduction in vibrating beam accelerometers","authors":"P.H. LaFond","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1992.185830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1992.185830","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses the various performance error sources in vibrating beam accelerometers and how the model used affects those errors. The data given are from Sundstrand Data Control's RBA-500 accelerometer. The design goal in the RBA-500 has been to achieve minimum cost, size, and weight while relying on good symmetry and crystal matching to provide the common mode error rejection necessary to reach acceptable tactical grade performance. Two force crystals are necessary to reduce errors to reasonable levels. It is noted that various models are available with different accuracies and computational demands, but the microprocessors coming on line should have no trouble handling the task at high sample rates. The chosen model can be massaged to reduce selected errors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":422101,"journal":{"name":"IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133783794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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