Pub Date : 2020-11-29DOI: 10.21608/agro.2020.43329.1230
A. Rabti, Radhia Mekaoussi, Z. Fellahi, A. Hannachi, A. Benbelkacem, A. Benmahammed, H. Bouzerzour
This work reports on the characterization of 58 old and modern durum wheat grown under south Mediterranean conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at two locations (ITGC-AES of Setif and Khroub, Algeria) and during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 cropping seasons. The results indicated that, averaged across seasons and locations, modern varieties outperformed the old ones in terms of grain yield, spike number, spike weight, number of kernels per square meter, harvest index, spike fertility and stay green. Old varieties outperformed the modern ones in terms of straw yield, lateness, tallness and flag leaf area. Modern varieties were stress tolerant and more responsive to improved growth conditions, showing agronomic stability type. Old varieties were characterized by a minimal responsiveness to improved environmental conditions, stress tolerance, and biological stability type. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and path analyses indicated that, in both sources of germoplasm, the strong influence of biomass, spike number, spike fertility and harvest index on grain yield. Physiological traits had negligible direct effects and small indirect effects via biomass, spike number and harvest index. Principal component analysis revealed that the old varieties are genetically far from the improved ones suggesting that old varieties represent an important gene pool for important traits among which plant height and straw yield. Differences between both sources of germoplasm are suggested to be used usefully in breeding to enhance yield potential, stability and resilience to changing climate of the future varieties.
{"title":"Characterization of Old And Recent Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum (L.) Tell. convar. Durum (Desf.) Mackey] Varieties Assessed under South Mediterranean Conditions","authors":"A. Rabti, Radhia Mekaoussi, Z. Fellahi, A. Hannachi, A. Benbelkacem, A. Benmahammed, H. Bouzerzour","doi":"10.21608/agro.2020.43329.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2020.43329.1230","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports on the characterization of 58 old and modern durum wheat grown under south Mediterranean conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at two locations (ITGC-AES of Setif and Khroub, Algeria) and during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 cropping seasons. The results indicated that, averaged across seasons and locations, modern varieties outperformed the old ones in terms of grain yield, spike number, spike weight, number of kernels per square meter, harvest index, spike fertility and stay green. Old varieties outperformed the modern ones in terms of straw yield, lateness, tallness and flag leaf area. Modern varieties were stress tolerant and more responsive to improved growth conditions, showing agronomic stability type. Old varieties were characterized by a minimal responsiveness to improved environmental conditions, stress tolerance, and biological stability type. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and path analyses indicated that, in both sources of germoplasm, the strong influence of biomass, spike number, spike fertility and harvest index on grain yield. Physiological traits had negligible direct effects and small indirect effects via biomass, spike number and harvest index. Principal component analysis revealed that the old varieties are genetically far from the improved ones suggesting that old varieties represent an important gene pool for important traits among which plant height and straw yield. Differences between both sources of germoplasm are suggested to be used usefully in breeding to enhance yield potential, stability and resilience to changing climate of the future varieties.","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49203095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.21608/agro.2020.43465.1231
W. El-Orabey, Shaimaa M. Ahmed, A. Hamweih, O. Mabrouk
Genetic diversity among plant species is important for improving plant traits. Its estimation is very essential to help selection of genetic resources in breeding programmes. Moreover, it is the base for effective and successful crop enhancement and can be assessed by several methods i.e. using morphological trait (resistance to leaf rust) and molecular markers. In this study, the pathogenicity of 53 wheat varieties was assessed by using 15 leaf rust pathotypes under greenhouse condition at seedling stage. In addition, the genetic diversity was analyzed using 10 molecular markers (microsatellite markers) linked to rust resistant genes. The cluster analysis indicated three sub-clusters based on phenotypic and molecular data. In general, low level (r=0.15) of correlation was obtained between the phenotypic and the genotypic data, however, the molecular analysis is probably more efficient for estimating genetic diversity. Molecular analysis is an efficient method because it’s not affected by environment is plentiful and don’t need earlier pedigree information which can improve the efficacy of molecular breeding practices.
{"title":"Phenotypic and Molecular Assessment for Genetic Diversity of Egyptian Wheat Varieties","authors":"W. El-Orabey, Shaimaa M. Ahmed, A. Hamweih, O. Mabrouk","doi":"10.21608/agro.2020.43465.1231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2020.43465.1231","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic diversity among plant species is important for improving plant traits. Its estimation is very essential to help selection of genetic resources in breeding programmes. Moreover, it is the base for effective and successful crop enhancement and can be assessed by several methods i.e. using morphological trait (resistance to leaf rust) and molecular markers. In this study, the pathogenicity of 53 wheat varieties was assessed by using 15 leaf rust pathotypes under greenhouse condition at seedling stage. In addition, the genetic diversity was analyzed using 10 molecular markers (microsatellite markers) linked to rust resistant genes. The cluster analysis indicated three sub-clusters based on phenotypic and molecular data. In general, low level (r=0.15) of correlation was obtained between the phenotypic and the genotypic data, however, the molecular analysis is probably more efficient for estimating genetic diversity. Molecular analysis is an efficient method because it’s not affected by environment is plentiful and don’t need earlier pedigree information which can improve the efficacy of molecular breeding practices.","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44577199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-15DOI: 10.21608/agro.2020.40803.1228
Mona M. Hemeid, M. Zeid
SUNFLOWER is an important oil crop that has received great attention by the Egyptian agricultural sector in the early nineties, when a boom in oil extraction from the crop was observed. Since then and for more than two decades now, sunflower for oil purpose was neglected, hybrids are no longer on the market and confectionery sunflower became more profitable for Egyptian farmers. Recently, the registration of the single hybrid Sirena and its promotion based on contract basis with farmers, may present a new comeback to oil sunflower in Egypt. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of sowing date (April vs. August) and preceding crop (maize vs. sunflower) in a double cropping system, under varying nitrogen fertilization levels (36, 72, 108 and 144kg N/ha), on growth and productivity of the newly introduced sunflower hybrid Sirena. Results from the two-year experiments, indicated that April sowing, at a prevailing average temperature of 20-24oC later rising to about 28oC at harvest time, was suitable to secure maximum seed yield of 4.39ton/ha. In a double cropping system, where sowing was performed in August, the hybrid yielded an average of 3.4 ton/ha, whether preceded by maize or sunflower. Seed oil percentage amounted to an average of 42.8% and was affected by the year, rather than sowing date or preceding crop. Effects of the nitrogen fertilization rates were masked by the soil available nitrogen, however, based on the regression analysis and equations for estimating the nitrogen requirements based on the hybrid seed yield, 72-108kg N/ha were necessary to achieve the maximum seed yield while sustaining an oil percentage above the 42%.
{"title":"Effect of Sowing Date and Preceding Crop, on Growth and Productivity of the Sunflower Hybrid Sirena, Under Varying Nitrogen Fertilization Levels","authors":"Mona M. Hemeid, M. Zeid","doi":"10.21608/agro.2020.40803.1228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2020.40803.1228","url":null,"abstract":"SUNFLOWER is an important oil crop that has received great attention by the Egyptian agricultural sector in the early nineties, when a boom in oil extraction from the crop was observed. Since then and for more than two decades now, sunflower for oil purpose was neglected, hybrids are no longer on the market and confectionery sunflower became more profitable for Egyptian farmers. Recently, the registration of the single hybrid Sirena and its promotion based on contract basis with farmers, may present a new comeback to oil sunflower in Egypt. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of sowing date (April vs. August) and preceding crop (maize vs. sunflower) in a double cropping system, under varying nitrogen fertilization levels (36, 72, 108 and 144kg N/ha), on growth and productivity of the newly introduced sunflower hybrid Sirena. Results from the two-year experiments, indicated that April sowing, at a prevailing average temperature of 20-24oC later rising to about 28oC at harvest time, was suitable to secure maximum seed yield of 4.39ton/ha. In a double cropping system, where sowing was performed in August, the hybrid yielded an average of 3.4 ton/ha, whether preceded by maize or sunflower. Seed oil percentage amounted to an average of 42.8% and was affected by the year, rather than sowing date or preceding crop. Effects of the nitrogen fertilization rates were masked by the soil available nitrogen, however, based on the regression analysis and equations for estimating the nitrogen requirements based on the hybrid seed yield, 72-108kg N/ha were necessary to achieve the maximum seed yield while sustaining an oil percentage above the 42%.","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42120786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.21608/agro.2020.30089.1226
W. El-Orabey, Dalia M. Shaheen, O. Mabrouk, A. Elkot, S. Esmail
Wheat leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks., is a destructive disease found throughout common wheat production areas worldwide. Fifty wheat leaf rust monogenic lines were tested with five of Puccinia triticina pathotypes i.e. BJPPQ, LQFDS, PHFPG, PTPDN, TRFDJ at four stable temperatures (30 0C, 25 0C, 20 0C and 15 0C). The wheat monogenic lines viz. Lr 16, Lr 17 and Lr 23 were more resistant at 25 0C, while these genes were found susceptible at 15 0C, 20 0C and 30 0C to all tested races. Eight monogenic lines i.e. Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr47, Lr50 and Lr68 displayed temperature sensitivity which were completely resistant at 15 0C and 20 0C. Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr47, Lr50 and Lr68 were completely susceptible at 25 0C and 30 0C to all races of Puccinia triticina. Lr 34 showed temperature sensitivity to three of the tested races (LQFDS, PHFPG and PTPDN) which was resistant at 15 0C and 20 0C to, but was susceptible at 25 0C and 30 0C. Genes like Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3ka, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr10+27+31, Lr19, Lr24, Lr28, Lr33, Lr36, Lr39, Lr42, Lr51 and Lr67 were slightly resistant at all temperatures to some races and were susceptible to other races. The other tested monogenic lines were susceptible at all temperatures to all tested races. Further, this study will be helpful to develop resistant cultivars against leaf rust of wheat.
{"title":"Effect of Temperature on Monogenic Lines of Wheat Leaf Rust Caused by Puccinia triticina","authors":"W. El-Orabey, Dalia M. Shaheen, O. Mabrouk, A. Elkot, S. Esmail","doi":"10.21608/agro.2020.30089.1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2020.30089.1226","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks., is a destructive disease found throughout common wheat production areas worldwide. Fifty wheat leaf rust monogenic lines were tested with five of Puccinia triticina pathotypes i.e. BJPPQ, LQFDS, PHFPG, PTPDN, TRFDJ at four stable temperatures (30 0C, 25 0C, 20 0C and 15 0C). The wheat monogenic lines viz. Lr 16, Lr 17 and Lr 23 were more resistant at 25 0C, while these genes were found susceptible at 15 0C, 20 0C and 30 0C to all tested races. Eight monogenic lines i.e. Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr47, Lr50 and Lr68 displayed temperature sensitivity which were completely resistant at 15 0C and 20 0C. Lr11, Lr12, Lr13, Lr14a, Lr18, Lr47, Lr50 and Lr68 were completely susceptible at 25 0C and 30 0C to all races of Puccinia triticina. Lr 34 showed temperature sensitivity to three of the tested races (LQFDS, PHFPG and PTPDN) which was resistant at 15 0C and 20 0C to, but was susceptible at 25 0C and 30 0C. Genes like Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3ka, Lr3, Lr9, Lr10, Lr14b, Lr15, Lr10+27+31, Lr19, Lr24, Lr28, Lr33, Lr36, Lr39, Lr42, Lr51 and Lr67 were slightly resistant at all temperatures to some races and were susceptible to other races. The other tested monogenic lines were susceptible at all temperatures to all tested races. Further, this study will be helpful to develop resistant cultivars against leaf rust of wheat.","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41691156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.21608/agro.2020.39840.1225
K. Ragab, A. Shahin, S. Abdelkhalik
A filed and greenhouse study was conducted at Sakha Station during 2015-2020 wheat seasons to enhance stripe rust resistance of the two Egyptian wheat cultivars Sids12 and Gemmeiza11 using the four monogenic lines Yr5, 10, 15 and Sp. The two wheat cultivars were crossed to the four monogenic lines to obtain eight F1 hybrids then selfed to produce F2 populations and selected F3 families. In the field, parents, F1, F2, F3, were inoculated with a mixture of the dominating stripe rust pathotypes (Pst). Evaluation of the monogenic lines indicated that wheat genotypes carrying stripe rust resistance genes Yr5 and Yr15, at both seedling and adult plant stages exhibited high resistance to Pst pathotypes. More than 75% of lines in both mapping populations showed susceptibility reaction indicating that both cultivars having similar genetic constitution against the tested stripe rust races. F1 field response confirmed that the four tested Yr genes are effective against the tested stripe rust races and resistant reaction is dominating over susceptibility. Segregation ratios of the eight F2 crosses indicated that the cultivars differ in three, two, or one genes with the monogenic lines. Average coefficient of infection recorded the lowest mean values for F2 crosses with Yr5 and Yr15 in both cultivars indicating that the two genes shifted the F2 population means toward resistance more than Yr10 and YrSp. Efficiency of the four genes can be arranged in the following order Yr5 ˃Yr15 ˃YrSp ˃Yr10 with Sids12 background and Yr5 ˃Yr15 ˃Yr10 ˃YrSp with Gemmeiza11 background.
{"title":"Efficiency of Yellow Rust Resistance Genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and Yrsp in Improving the Two Egyptian Bread Wheat Cultivars Sids 12 and Gemmeiza 11","authors":"K. Ragab, A. Shahin, S. Abdelkhalik","doi":"10.21608/agro.2020.39840.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2020.39840.1225","url":null,"abstract":"A filed and greenhouse study was conducted at Sakha Station during 2015-2020 wheat seasons to enhance stripe rust resistance of the two Egyptian wheat cultivars Sids12 and Gemmeiza11 using the four monogenic lines Yr5, 10, 15 and Sp. The two wheat cultivars were crossed to the four monogenic lines to obtain eight F1 hybrids then selfed to produce F2 populations and selected F3 families. In the field, parents, F1, F2, F3, were inoculated with a mixture of the dominating stripe rust pathotypes (Pst). Evaluation of the monogenic lines indicated that wheat genotypes carrying stripe rust resistance genes Yr5 and Yr15, at both seedling and adult plant stages exhibited high resistance to Pst pathotypes. More than 75% of lines in both mapping populations showed susceptibility reaction indicating that both cultivars having similar genetic constitution against the tested stripe rust races. F1 field response confirmed that the four tested Yr genes are effective against the tested stripe rust races and resistant reaction is dominating over susceptibility. Segregation ratios of the eight F2 crosses indicated that the cultivars differ in three, two, or one genes with the monogenic lines. Average coefficient of infection recorded the lowest mean values for F2 crosses with Yr5 and Yr15 in both cultivars indicating that the two genes shifted the F2 population means toward resistance more than Yr10 and YrSp. Efficiency of the four genes can be arranged in the following order Yr5 ˃Yr15 ˃YrSp ˃Yr10 with Sids12 background and Yr5 ˃Yr15 ˃Yr10 ˃YrSp with Gemmeiza11 background.","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43847130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.21608/agro.2020.37407.1222
S. Khalil, B. Makhlouf, Khadiga I. M. El-Gabry
Two field experiments were conducted in a sandy soil at Al-Hossein Agricultural Farm located, Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Egypt, in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons, to check the possibility of using cane vinasse as a source of potassium fertilization for sugar beet, and its effect as an amendment on some properties of soil. A randomized complete block design was used. The present work included 13 treatments as follows: - 100% K2O: 48 kg K2O/fed as K2SO4 "48% K2O" (control). - Three treatments represent the sole application of 100% equivalent to 48 kg K2O/fed, in the form of raw (V1), photo-chemically (V2) and biologically (V3) treated vinasse, i.e. 708.0 l/fed, 708.0 l/fed and 817.7 l/fed, respectively. - Nine treatments, using 75, 50 and 25 % of the recommended rate as K2SO4 combined with 25, 50 and 75 %, successively, equivalent to 48 kg K2O/fed from each of V1, V2 and V3. The lowest value of HMF was recorded with V3,and phenolic compounds with V2. The maximum activity of dehydrogenase enzyme was found with adding (50% K2O+50% V3)/fed. Adding (50% K2O+50% V3) significantly increased root yield/fed. The different treatments including V3 markedly increased sugar yield/fed, as compared to that gained with 100% K2O/fed, in both seasons. In the final, the addition of [50% of the recommended rate of K-fertilizer (24 kg K2O) as K2SO4+50% of the biologically treated vinasse (408.85 liters)/fed] could be recommended to get economical root and sugar yields, which means saving 50% of mineral potassium sulphate required for sugar beet crop.
2017/2018年和2018/2019年，在埃及开罗-亚历山大沙漠路Al Hossein农业农场的沙质土壤中进行了两次田间试验，以检查使用甘蔗汁作为甜菜钾肥来源的可能性，以及其作为改良剂对土壤某些性质的影响。采用随机完全区组设计。目前的工作包括13个处理，如下：-100%K2O:48kg K2O/以K2SO4“48%K2O”（对照）的形式进料三种处理代表了以原料（V1）、光化学（V2）和生物（V3）处理的酒糟形式单独施用100%相当于48 kg K2O/饲料，即分别为708.0 l/饲料、708.0 l//饲料和817.7 l/饲料九个处理，使用推荐速率的75%、50%和25%作为K2SO4，依次与25%、50%和75%相结合，相当于48 kg K2O/从V1、V2和V3中的每一个进料。HMF的最低值记录为V3，酚类化合物记录为V2。添加（50%K2O+50%V3）/日粮的脱氢酶活性最高。添加（50%K2O+50%V3）显著提高了根产量/日粮。在两个季节，与100%K2O/饲料相比，包括V3在内的不同处理显著提高了糖产量/饲料。最后，可以建议添加[50%的推荐钾肥（24kg K2O）作为K2SO4+50%的生物处理过的酒糟（408.85升）/饲料]，以获得经济的根产量和糖产量，这意味着节省甜菜作物所需的50%的矿物硫酸钾。
{"title":"Using Vinasse as a Source of Potassium Fertilization for Sugar Beet and a Sandy Soil Amendment","authors":"S. Khalil, B. Makhlouf, Khadiga I. M. El-Gabry","doi":"10.21608/agro.2020.37407.1222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2020.37407.1222","url":null,"abstract":"Two field experiments were conducted in a sandy soil at Al-Hossein Agricultural Farm located, Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Egypt, in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons, to check the possibility of using cane vinasse as a source of potassium fertilization for sugar beet, and its effect as an amendment on some properties of soil. A randomized complete block design was used. The present work included 13 treatments as follows: - 100% K2O: 48 kg K2O/fed as K2SO4 \"48% K2O\" (control). - Three treatments represent the sole application of 100% equivalent to 48 kg K2O/fed, in the form of raw (V1), photo-chemically (V2) and biologically (V3) treated vinasse, i.e. 708.0 l/fed, 708.0 l/fed and 817.7 l/fed, respectively. - Nine treatments, using 75, 50 and 25 % of the recommended rate as K2SO4 combined with 25, 50 and 75 %, successively, equivalent to 48 kg K2O/fed from each of V1, V2 and V3. The lowest value of HMF was recorded with V3,and phenolic compounds with V2. The maximum activity of dehydrogenase enzyme was found with adding (50% K2O+50% V3)/fed. Adding (50% K2O+50% V3) significantly increased root yield/fed. The different treatments including V3 markedly increased sugar yield/fed, as compared to that gained with 100% K2O/fed, in both seasons. In the final, the addition of [50% of the recommended rate of K-fertilizer (24 kg K2O) as K2SO4+50% of the biologically treated vinasse (408.85 liters)/fed] could be recommended to get economical root and sugar yields, which means saving 50% of mineral potassium sulphate required for sugar beet crop.","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49513632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-15DOI: 10.21608/AGRO.2020.17373.1183
Mohamed G. M. Abou El-azaim, Nagwa El Agroudy, F. Shafiq, T. Mansour
Dissemination of dialogue values such as justice, tolerance, freedom, humility and other positive dialogue values should not be viewed unilaterally, but should be viewed through a broad system of vision and thought. It represents about 57.3% of the total population in Egyptian society. This means the importance of attention to the problems facing the dissemination of dialogue values in rural society and ways to address them. The most important of these problems are the increase of illiteracy among the rural population, the high rate of poverty, the lack of renewal of religious discourse, the multiplicity of obstacles that hinder the ability of rural NGOs to achieve their goals, increase the divorce rate, the ineffectiveness of political party work, the phenomenon of revenge and retaliation in the rural community, and the phenomenon of smoking, and addiction. The study recommended activating the efforts exerted to confront the problem of illiteracy in the rural society, pushing more investments by the state, businessmen and the rural civil society, renewing the religious and emphasizing the decision of Al-Azhar and the Ministry of Endowments to establish two international academies to prepare an enlightened religious preacher capable of confronting terrorism and extremism in modern ways that are compatible with Variables of our contemporary reality, Speeding up the issuance of the new law of the Egyptian civil work, activating the role of family and community counseling before marriage to reduce the phenomenon of increasing the divorce rate, raising social awareness of the importance of political party work to establish the rules of democracy in Egypt, and the development of integrated rural development as a main entry to face the phenomenon of revenge, and activating the role of work And volunteer in rural areas to face the problem of smoking and abuse and addiction.
{"title":"Challenges Facing Dissemination of Dialogue Values in the Egyptian Rural Society and Methods of Confrontation","authors":"Mohamed G. M. Abou El-azaim, Nagwa El Agroudy, F. Shafiq, T. Mansour","doi":"10.21608/AGRO.2020.17373.1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/AGRO.2020.17373.1183","url":null,"abstract":"Dissemination of dialogue values such as justice, tolerance, freedom, humility and other positive dialogue values should not be viewed unilaterally, but should be viewed through a broad system of vision and thought. It represents about 57.3% of the total population in Egyptian society. This means the importance of attention to the problems facing the dissemination of dialogue values in rural society and ways to address them. \u0000 The most important of these problems are the increase of illiteracy among the rural population, the high rate of poverty, the lack of renewal of religious discourse, the multiplicity of obstacles that hinder the ability of rural NGOs to achieve their goals, increase the divorce rate, the ineffectiveness of political party work, the phenomenon of revenge and retaliation in the rural community, and the phenomenon of smoking, and addiction. \u0000The study recommended activating the efforts exerted to confront the problem of illiteracy in the rural society, pushing more investments by the state, businessmen and the rural civil society, renewing the religious and emphasizing the decision of Al-Azhar and the Ministry of Endowments to establish two international academies to prepare an enlightened religious preacher capable of confronting terrorism and extremism in modern ways that are compatible with Variables of our contemporary reality, Speeding up the issuance of the new law of the Egyptian civil work, activating the role of family and community counseling before marriage to reduce the phenomenon of increasing the divorce rate, raising social awareness of the importance of political party work to establish the rules of democracy in Egypt, and the development of integrated rural development as a main entry to face the phenomenon of revenge, and activating the role of work And volunteer in rural areas to face the problem of smoking and abuse and addiction.","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44175637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-19DOI: 10.21608/agro.2020.27271.1211
Hafsa Morci, N. Elmulthum, M. Hadid
Using, time series data, this research aimed at studying the role of greenhouses planted with tomatoes in reducing the import trade gap in Saudi Arabia by forecasting the impact of the change in the area of greenhouses of tomatoes on imports and total production in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study adopted Piecewise Linear Regression, ordinary least square and simultaneous multi-equation models, using Seemingly Unrelated Regression model. The results of the study indicated that the area and production of tomatoes in greenhouses showed a decreasing trend during the study period. As a result, there was an import trade gap for tomato crops estimated at 171.1 thousand tons on average for the study period, which represents about 42.2% of the average total tomato production. The most important determinants of the production of tomatoes in greenhouses include the area of greenhouses planted with tomatoes, one year lagged tomato price, and the value of medium-term loans allocated to greenhouses production. The study showed that the effect of temperature change on tomato production is more significant than carbon dioxide emissions. The study estimated forecasted reduction in the Kingdom's imports of tomatoes by 98% if the area of greenhouses is doubled. Hence, to reduce trade deficit of tomatoes and convert the deficit into a trade surplus, the study recommended horizontal expansion in greenhouses planted with tomatoes.
{"title":"The Role of Greenhouses in Filling Trade Gap of Tomato Crop in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Hafsa Morci, N. Elmulthum, M. Hadid","doi":"10.21608/agro.2020.27271.1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2020.27271.1211","url":null,"abstract":"Using, time series data, this research aimed at studying the role of greenhouses planted with tomatoes in reducing the import trade gap in Saudi Arabia by forecasting the impact of the change in the area of greenhouses of tomatoes on imports and total production in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study adopted Piecewise Linear Regression, ordinary least square and simultaneous multi-equation models, using Seemingly Unrelated Regression model. The results of the study indicated that the area and production of tomatoes in greenhouses showed a decreasing trend during the study period. As a result, there was an import trade gap for tomato crops estimated at 171.1 thousand tons on average for the study period, which represents about 42.2% of the average total tomato production. The most important determinants of the production of tomatoes in greenhouses include the area of greenhouses planted with tomatoes, one year lagged tomato price, and the value of medium-term loans allocated to greenhouses production. The study showed that the effect of temperature change on tomato production is more significant than carbon dioxide emissions. The study estimated forecasted reduction in the Kingdom's imports of tomatoes by 98% if the area of greenhouses is doubled. Hence, to reduce trade deficit of tomatoes and convert the deficit into a trade surplus, the study recommended horizontal expansion in greenhouses planted with tomatoes.","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43599993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.21608/agro.2020.32961.1218
E. Salem
Drought and salinity are the most limiting factors for crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. Moreover, pearl millet cultivation may be an excellent selection in arid and saline lands. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted at the Desert Research Center, Agriculture Experimental Station at Ras Sudr, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 seasons, to study the effect of seed priming (as seed soaking) using five salicylic acids levels (tap water as a control, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L SA) and fertilizing soil application by five boron rates (without boron, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg boron/fed, as boric acid) on pearl millet yields. The results showed that plant height (cm), panicle length (cm), panicles number/m2, grain weight/panicle (g), seed index (g) and grain protein content percentage as well as biological, grain and protein yields (kg/fed) were significantly increased by salicylic acid (SA) levels in both seasons. Soaking the grains of pearl millet in 200 mg/L SA treatment was the best practice in both seasons as compared to the other treatments. Regarding the effect of boron (B) treatments, all the abovementioned characters were significantly affected by B treatments in the two studied seasons. Adding 3 kg B/fed gave the highest values of all the studied attributes in both seasons. It is clear that from the obtained results pearl millet grain primed in 200 mg/L SA along with B at a rate of 3 kg/fed could be recommended for enhancing pearl millet yields under saline soil conditions.
干旱和盐碱是干旱和半干旱地区作物生产最受限制的因素。此外，在干旱和盐碱地种植珍珠小米可能是一个很好的选择。因此，在2018年和2019年季节，在埃及南西奈省Ras Sudr农业实验站沙漠研究中心进行了两次实地实验，研究了用5种水杨酸水平（自来水作为对照，50、100、150和200mg/L SA）引发种子（作为浸种）和用5种硼量（不含硼，1.0、2.0、3.0和4.0kg硼/日粮，作为硼酸）施肥对珍珠小米产量的影响。结果表明，水杨酸（SA）可显著提高两季的株高（cm）、穗长（cm）和穗数（m2）、粒重（g）、种子指数（g）和籽粒蛋白质含量百分比，并可显著提高生物产量、籽粒产量和蛋白质产量（kg/d）。与其他处理相比，在两个季节用200mg/L SA处理浸泡珍珠小米颗粒是最佳的做法。关于硼（B）处理的效果，在两个研究季节中，硼处理对上述所有性状都有显著影响。在两个季节中，添加3 kg B/日粮的所有研究属性值最高。从所获得的结果中可以清楚地看出，在盐碱地条件下，以200mg/L SA和3kg/日粮的速率处理珍珠小米颗粒可用于提高珍珠小米的产量。
{"title":"Cooperative Effect of Salicylic Acid and Boron on the Productivity of Pearl Millet Crop under the Degraded Saline Soils Conditions","authors":"E. Salem","doi":"10.21608/agro.2020.32961.1218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2020.32961.1218","url":null,"abstract":"Drought and salinity are the most limiting factors for crop production in arid and semi-arid areas. Moreover, pearl millet cultivation may be an excellent selection in arid and saline lands. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted at the Desert Research Center, Agriculture Experimental Station at Ras Sudr, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt during 2018 and 2019 seasons, to study the effect of seed priming (as seed soaking) using five salicylic acids levels (tap water as a control, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L SA) and fertilizing soil application by five boron rates (without boron, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kg boron/fed, as boric acid) on pearl millet yields. The results showed that plant height (cm), panicle length (cm), panicles number/m2, grain weight/panicle (g), seed index (g) and grain protein content percentage as well as biological, grain and protein yields (kg/fed) were significantly increased by salicylic acid (SA) levels in both seasons. Soaking the grains of pearl millet in 200 mg/L SA treatment was the best practice in both seasons as compared to the other treatments. Regarding the effect of boron (B) treatments, all the abovementioned characters were significantly affected by B treatments in the two studied seasons. Adding 3 kg B/fed gave the highest values of all the studied attributes in both seasons. It is clear that from the obtained results pearl millet grain primed in 200 mg/L SA along with B at a rate of 3 kg/fed could be recommended for enhancing pearl millet yields under saline soil conditions.","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41353940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Response, Correlation of Growth Analysis and Shallot Yield under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Dosage and Rhizobacteria Source","authors":"D MariaTheresia","doi":"10.3923/ja.2020.131.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2020.131.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42226,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85278023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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