The political and economic crisis of Europe and the austerity programs within EU countries have brought back to center the issues of inequality and social justice in Europe that during the Twentieth century have been addressed through the institutionalization of social citizenship. Europeanization and globalization challenge social cohesion and alters the basic institutions on which social citizenship was constructed in welfare societies. Starting from the results of an empirical study, the aim of this article is to give new impulses to the theoretical reflection on social citizenship as a distinct issue, although related with the concept of citizenship. The focus of the analysis is on members of transnational civil society organizations and their ideas and practices enhancing new forms of a more inclusive and sustainable social citizenship. Conclusions discuss how social bonds and solidarity are reframed transnationally across national, regional, European and global borders, and the implications of this process for the reformulation of the concept of social citizenship.
{"title":"Social Citizenship in the Context of Europeanization and Growing Inequalities: An Empirical Contribution to the Theoretical Debate","authors":"L. Leonardi, Gemma Scalise","doi":"10.13128/SMP-18282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-18282","url":null,"abstract":"The political and economic crisis of Europe and the austerity programs within EU countries have brought back to center the issues of inequality and social justice in Europe that during the Twentieth century have been addressed through the institutionalization of social citizenship. Europeanization and globalization challenge social cohesion and alters the basic institutions on which social citizenship was constructed in welfare societies. Starting from the results of an empirical study, the aim of this article is to give new impulses to the theoretical reflection on social citizenship as a distinct issue, although related with the concept of citizenship. The focus of the analysis is on members of transnational civil society organizations and their ideas and practices enhancing new forms of a more inclusive and sustainable social citizenship. Conclusions discuss how social bonds and solidarity are reframed transnationally across national, regional, European and global borders, and the implications of this process for the reformulation of the concept of social citizenship.","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66179227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The crisis of the welfare state has been a widely discussed topic since at least the 1970s both in the social sciences and in political debate. It is not my intention to readdress it or to analyze the many diagnoses of the meaning and scope of the crisis: there is a huge amount of literature on this and I do not aim to add another contribution. Rather I would like to investigate the reasons that led to the wide acceptance among the public in Western Europe (and probably elsewhere) of the dismantling of certain features of the welfare state. To this end, I shall focus on the discourses that justified this process and that have provided a major shift in the political vocabulary from the grammar of (social) rights to the grammar of performance and (state) services. In other words, I shall concentrate on the paradigm change from a Keynesian model of welfare state to a ‘neoliberal’ model of personal responsibility. This change of paradigm threatens the very idea of citizenship as we have known it for centuries.
{"title":"Farewell to Welfare: An End to Citizenship as We Know It","authors":"A. Pinzani","doi":"10.13128/SMP-18286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-18286","url":null,"abstract":"The crisis of the welfare state has been a widely discussed topic since at least the 1970s both in the social sciences and in political debate. It is not my intention to readdress it or to analyze the many diagnoses of the meaning and scope of the crisis: there is a huge amount of literature on this and I do not aim to add another contribution. Rather I would like to investigate the reasons that led to the wide acceptance among the public in Western Europe (and probably elsewhere) of the dismantling of certain features of the welfare state. To this end, I shall focus on the discourses that justified this process and that have provided a major shift in the political vocabulary from the grammar of (social) rights to the grammar of performance and (state) services. In other words, I shall concentrate on the paradigm change from a Keynesian model of welfare state to a ‘neoliberal’ model of personal responsibility. This change of paradigm threatens the very idea of citizenship as we have known it for centuries.","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66178774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper explores forms of arbitrariness in relation to citizenship and migration policies. Non-national disenfranchisement follows from certain migration policies, and these may be cast as an arbitrary form of domination, that may undermine political legitimacy. Political exclusion is the vertex of a chain of other forms of exclusion: the denizenship of the politically powerless is particularly bothersome because liberal-democratic systems lack incentives to promote their rights. We have singled out the specificity and quaintness of the argumentative strategy employed to sustain non-national disenfranchisement. It differs from other argumentations in favour of disenfranchisement because it is not framed in derogatory terms and shifts the burden of proof from the state over to the individual.
{"title":"Citizenship and Arbitrary Law-Making : On the Quaintness of Non-national Disenfranchisement","authors":"P. Mindus","doi":"10.13128/SMP-18287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-18287","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores forms of arbitrariness in relation to citizenship and migration policies. Non-national disenfranchisement follows from certain migration policies, and these may be cast as an arbitrary form of domination, that may undermine political legitimacy. Political exclusion is the vertex of a chain of other forms of exclusion: the denizenship of the politically powerless is particularly bothersome because liberal-democratic systems lack incentives to promote their rights. We have singled out the specificity and quaintness of the argumentative strategy employed to sustain non-national disenfranchisement. It differs from other argumentations in favour of disenfranchisement because it is not framed in derogatory terms and shifts the burden of proof from the state over to the individual.","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66178784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Los resultados del presente trabajo estan integrados en el proyecto de investigacion “Civil Engagement in Social Work: Developing Global Models”, subvencionado por el 7o Programa Marco UE. FP7 PEOPLE-2012-IRSES. Grant Agreement Number 318938.
{"title":"Antiausteridad y protesta en el contexto de la crisis económica y política en España e Italia","authors":"Luca Raffini, Clemente Penalva, Antonio Alaminos","doi":"10.13128/SMP-16399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-16399","url":null,"abstract":"Los resultados del presente trabajo estan integrados en el proyecto de investigacion “Civil Engagement in Social Work: Developing Global Models”, subvencionado por el 7o Programa Marco UE. FP7 PEOPLE-2012-IRSES. Grant Agreement Number 318938.","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66178364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mutamento sociale e mutamento politico nella Spagna e nell’Italia di oggi. Intervista a Salvador Giner de San Julián","authors":"L. Raffini","doi":"10.13128/SMP-16408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-16408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66178418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this contribution is to develop several lines of investigations on the subject of political participation of migrants, namely: the possible heuristic value deriving from the understanding of migrants as a category, the connection between political participation and exclusion and the plurality of ways in which migrants actively express themselves.
{"title":"La partecipazione politica dei migranti. Dall’esclusione alle diverse forme di mobilitazione","authors":"Marta Lotto","doi":"10.13128/SMP-16410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-16410","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this contribution is to develop several lines of investigations on the subject of political participation of migrants, namely: the possible heuristic value deriving from the understanding of migrants as a category, the connection between political participation and exclusion and the plurality of ways in which migrants actively express themselves.","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66178433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to highlight different interpretations of the fundamental characteristics of the natural attitude, as formulated by Berger and Luckmann, and Alfred Schutz respectively. The first part of the paper explores the notion of taken-for-granted in the everyday life-world in The Social Construction of Reality by Berger and Luckmann and The Problem of Multiple Realities: Alfred Schutz and Robert Musil by Berger. The two essays show the presence of a articulated vision based on the same theoretical matrix. The second part of the paper analyses the essential characteristics of the natural attitude in the work of Husserl and Schutz. Although Berger and Luckmann are commonly viewed as being Schutzian scholars, their work actually presents significant differences, not only with respect to Husserl, but also to Schutz himself.
{"title":"Schutz, Berger and Luckmann.The question of the natural attitude","authors":"L. Muzzetto","doi":"10.13128/SMP-17857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-17857","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to highlight different interpretations of the fundamental characteristics of the natural attitude, as formulated by Berger and Luckmann, and Alfred Schutz respectively. The first part of the paper explores the notion of taken-for-granted in the everyday life-world in The Social Construction of Reality by Berger and Luckmann and The Problem of Multiple Realities: Alfred Schutz and Robert Musil by Berger. The two essays show the presence of a articulated vision based on the same theoretical matrix. The second part of the paper analyses the essential characteristics of the natural attitude in the work of Husserl and Schutz. Although Berger and Luckmann are commonly viewed as being Schutzian scholars, their work actually presents significant differences, not only with respect to Husserl, but also to Schutz himself.","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/SMP-17857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66179212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Attention is a critical faculty in contemporary Western societies. What is surprising is the fact that attention has been mainly analyzed as an individual phenomenon. Scientific research that treats attention exclusively on the individual level simplifies an enormously complex situation. Instead, according to the idea defended in this essay, one cannot think of attention and perception without regard for cultural conventions and social norms. This article therefore proposes to investigate attention precisely in its social dimension. In particular, the specific objective is to highlight the contribution Alfred Schutz’s theory of systems of relevance can give to the understanding of the social mechanisms that regulate attention. In order to demonstrate the viability of the Schutzian proposal, here are discussed some recent perspectives that explore the mechanisms of the social regulation of attention. The article will briefly revisit these contributions that explicitly investigate intersubjective and collective attention, and will focus especially on the proposals of Eviatar Zerubavel and Yves Citton. Then is analyzed the role of attention in the theoretical edifice of Schutz, to focus on the relationship between attention and systems of relevance.
{"title":"Relevance as Social Matrix of Attention in Alfred Schutz","authors":"Enrico Campo","doi":"10.13128/SMP-17852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-17852","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is a critical faculty in contemporary Western societies. What is surprising is the fact that attention has been mainly analyzed as an individual phenomenon. Scientific research that treats attention exclusively on the individual level simplifies an enormously complex situation. Instead, according to the idea defended in this essay, one cannot think of attention and perception without regard for cultural conventions and social norms. This article therefore proposes to investigate attention precisely in its social dimension. In particular, the specific objective is to highlight the contribution Alfred Schutz’s theory of systems of relevance can give to the understanding of the social mechanisms that regulate attention. In order to demonstrate the viability of the Schutzian proposal, here are discussed some recent perspectives that explore the mechanisms of the social regulation of attention. The article will briefly revisit these contributions that explicitly investigate intersubjective and collective attention, and will focus especially on the proposals of Eviatar Zerubavel and Yves Citton. Then is analyzed the role of attention in the theoretical edifice of Schutz, to focus on the relationship between attention and systems of relevance.","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/SMP-17852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66179204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of ideal type plays an essential role in Max Weber’s social science. Unfortunately Weber failed to explain exactly what an ideal type really is. This question cannot be answered as long as the source of the concept is not identified. We will examine some possible sources and argue that the work of the physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz is the most plausible source. Our purpose is to show that a consideration of several key essays by Helmholtz shows what Weber meant with his concept of ideal type: namely the result of a specific kind of induction.
{"title":"On the Very Idea of an Ideal Type","authors":"G. Wagner, Claudius Härpfer","doi":"10.13128/SMP-14492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-14492","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of ideal type plays an essential role in Max Weber’s social science. Unfortunately Weber failed to explain exactly what an ideal type really is. This question cannot be answered as long as the source of the concept is not identified. We will examine some possible sources and argue that the work of the physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz is the most plausible source. Our purpose is to show that a consideration of several key essays by Helmholtz shows what Weber meant with his concept of ideal type: namely the result of a specific kind of induction.","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.13128/SMP-14492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66178299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In his contribution L. Scaff outlines the reception history of Max Weber’s work from its beginnings down to the present. It highlights the importance of the first translations, including those by prominent American authors and particularly those who had studied in Germany; and then in the post-war years the role of emigrants familiar with Weber’s work. The establishment of Weber texts as compulsory reading in the curricula of American colleges also played a significant role. The striking readiness, even ease, with which Weber was received in America is something Scaff deduces from three “narratives that captured the imagination of the American audience”. The first is the narrative of voluntarism, i.e. “the way in which Weber developed his conception of the sect and its effects on the individual and society”. Next is the narrative of achievement, in the sense of “mastery of the world”, preceded by “mastery of the self”, which “when put into practice entailed the conquest of the New World’s primordial wilderness”. Finally there is the narrative of redemption as “the most potent founding myth of the American experience”: “The quest for salvation that began as a religiously inspired message became transformed into a secularized cultural theme: the search for the possibility of breaking free from constraints in order to create a better life, to renew the self, to gain a second chance by atoning for moral failures, and to find reconciliation with God, humankind, and the world.”
{"title":"Max Weber in the United States","authors":"L. Scaff","doi":"10.13128/SMP-14495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13128/SMP-14495","url":null,"abstract":"In his contribution L. Scaff outlines the reception history of Max Weber’s work from its beginnings down to the present. It highlights the importance of the first translations, including those by prominent American authors and particularly those who had studied in Germany; and then in the post-war years the role of emigrants familiar with Weber’s work. The establishment of Weber texts as compulsory reading in the curricula of American colleges also played a significant role. The striking readiness, even ease, with which Weber was received in America is something Scaff deduces from three “narratives that captured the imagination of the American audience”. The first is the narrative of voluntarism, i.e. “the way in which Weber developed his conception of the sect and its effects on the individual and society”. Next is the narrative of achievement, in the sense of “mastery of the world”, preceded by “mastery of the self”, which “when put into practice entailed the conquest of the New World’s primordial wilderness”. Finally there is the narrative of redemption as “the most potent founding myth of the American experience”: “The quest for salvation that began as a religiously inspired message became transformed into a secularized cultural theme: the search for the possibility of breaking free from constraints in order to create a better life, to renew the self, to gain a second chance by atoning for moral failures, and to find reconciliation with God, humankind, and the world.”","PeriodicalId":42264,"journal":{"name":"SocietaMutamentoPolitica-Rivista Italiana di Sociologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2014-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66178310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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