Pub Date : 2018-10-05DOI: 10.31031/cjmi.2018.02.000534
Y. Shih
Marine aquaculture may also cause environmental degradation from feces, uneaten feed and use of chemicals if the local carrying capacity is exceeded [1]. The most important benthic impact relates to the formation of anoxic sediments [2-4] which can be easily monitored. Both sediment condition and waste accumulation are good indicators for detecting the environmental condition at aquaculture sites. Beveridge [5] revealed that environmental deterioration because of high organic matter concentrations in the sediments may affect the health of farmed fish and hence profitability. Waste and waste-makes quality management for marine aquaculture in other countries has not only focused on the release limitations of organic matter, and nutrients [6-8] but also on chemicals [9] used on the farms regardless wherever into estuaries or nearshore coastal waters [10,11]. This investigation uses an environmental monitoring program to understand and assess the environmental impact of marine farming.
{"title":"Established the Environmental Monitoring Program Indicators to Prevent Disease Infection and Promote Sustainable Development","authors":"Y. Shih","doi":"10.31031/cjmi.2018.02.000534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/cjmi.2018.02.000534","url":null,"abstract":"Marine aquaculture may also cause environmental degradation from feces, uneaten feed and use of chemicals if the local carrying capacity is exceeded [1]. The most important benthic impact relates to the formation of anoxic sediments [2-4] which can be easily monitored. Both sediment condition and waste accumulation are good indicators for detecting the environmental condition at aquaculture sites. Beveridge [5] revealed that environmental deterioration because of high organic matter concentrations in the sediments may affect the health of farmed fish and hence profitability. Waste and waste-makes quality management for marine aquaculture in other countries has not only focused on the release limitations of organic matter, and nutrients [6-8] but also on chemicals [9] used on the farms regardless wherever into estuaries or nearshore coastal waters [10,11]. This investigation uses an environmental monitoring program to understand and assess the environmental impact of marine farming.","PeriodicalId":422893,"journal":{"name":"Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117315761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000536
A. Alimov
Individual particularities of resistance to pathogens have been the focus of clinicians and researchers for centuries. Several theories and concepts were formulated to explain this phenomenon. They include the immunological theory of infectious diseases, the genetic theory of infectious diseases, the concept of latent and asymptomatic infection, monogenic and polygenic type of inheritance of resistance to pathogens and a number of others [1]. Nowadays, most of these concepts are reflected in the modern theory called “A Unified Genetic theory of infection disease”. The theory assumes that at an early age susceptibility to pathogenic microorganisms is caused by inherited variants of genes, while in adults features of a disease course depend on the total action of several genetic loci. In elderly people, a special role in the initiation and development of infectious disease plays somatic mutations [2]. In this regard, recently developed methodological approaches to wide genome analysis allow us to hope for a significant expansion of our understanding of genetic resistance to infectious diseases at both individual and population levels.
{"title":"Genetic Resistance to Infectious Diseases in the Era of Personalized Medicine","authors":"A. Alimov","doi":"10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000536","url":null,"abstract":"Individual particularities of resistance to pathogens have been the focus of clinicians and researchers for centuries. Several theories and concepts were formulated to explain this phenomenon. They include the immunological theory of infectious diseases, the genetic theory of infectious diseases, the concept of latent and asymptomatic infection, monogenic and polygenic type of inheritance of resistance to pathogens and a number of others [1]. Nowadays, most of these concepts are reflected in the modern theory called “A Unified Genetic theory of infection disease”. The theory assumes that at an early age susceptibility to pathogenic microorganisms is caused by inherited variants of genes, while in adults features of a disease course depend on the total action of several genetic loci. In elderly people, a special role in the initiation and development of infectious disease plays somatic mutations [2]. In this regard, recently developed methodological approaches to wide genome analysis allow us to hope for a significant expansion of our understanding of genetic resistance to infectious diseases at both individual and population levels.","PeriodicalId":422893,"journal":{"name":"Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123883635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-24DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000533
G. Tarhan, İ. Ceyhan, H. Simsek, O. Kisa, Yusuf Ozay
Speed-oligo® Mycobacteria is an oligochromatographic test for the qualitative detection of Mycobacterium genus and the species of M. tuberculosis complex, directly in clinical samples. It is based on polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA regions and double-reverse hybridization on a dipstick using probes bound to colloidal gold and to the membrane. In this study, we evaluated 25 type reference strains of mycobacteria (18 non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. tuberculosis H37Ra), 60 sputum samples (40 smear positive, 20 smear negative) collected from patient with suspected TB. All results were compared with microscopy, Löwenstein Jensen culture and Inno-Lipa (GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS; Hain Lifescience, Germany). All smear positive sputum samples were positive with microscopy, culture and Speed-oligo® Mycobacteria. Of 20 smear negative sputum samples, 7 were culture positive. Of 7 culture positive samples, 3 were positive with microscopy and Speedoligo® Mycobacteria. It is not effective to identify for M. intermedium, M. kansasii and M. xenopi.
{"title":"The Evaluation of the Speed-Oligo® Mycobacteria Assay for Identification of Mycobacterium spp. from Smear Positive and Negative Sputum Samples","authors":"G. Tarhan, İ. Ceyhan, H. Simsek, O. Kisa, Yusuf Ozay","doi":"10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000533","url":null,"abstract":"Speed-oligo® Mycobacteria is an oligochromatographic test for the qualitative detection of Mycobacterium genus and the species of M. tuberculosis complex, directly in clinical samples. It is based on polymerase chain reaction targeting 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA regions and double-reverse hybridization on a dipstick using probes bound to colloidal gold and to the membrane. In this study, we evaluated 25 type reference strains of mycobacteria (18 non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. tuberculosis H37Ra), 60 sputum samples (40 smear positive, 20 smear negative) collected from patient with suspected TB. All results were compared with microscopy, Löwenstein Jensen culture and Inno-Lipa (GenoType Mycobacterium CM/AS; Hain Lifescience, Germany). All smear positive sputum samples were positive with microscopy, culture and Speed-oligo® Mycobacteria. Of 20 smear negative sputum samples, 7 were culture positive. Of 7 culture positive samples, 3 were positive with microscopy and Speedoligo® Mycobacteria. It is not effective to identify for M. intermedium, M. kansasii and M. xenopi.","PeriodicalId":422893,"journal":{"name":"Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128185820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-11DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000532
G. Tarhan
The definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is dependent on the isolation, identification and drug susceptibility testing of the causal agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis by cultivation. Smear microscopy has poor sensitivity and culture is slow to yield results. The resurgence of tuberculosis worldwide has been accompanied by an increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis on all continents. At the same time, a number of other nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) species are emerging as causes of disease. A quick and correct diagnosis of symptomatic tuberculosis is critical for the control of this serious disease. The nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) and other molecular biology methods (i DNA hybridization, DNA sequencing, etc.) are essential in today’s laboratory practices for detection and characterization of mycobacteria. The use of NAATs in the routine detection of mycobacteria allowed a fast and accurate detection of the Mycobacterium species within 24 hours. The methods are widely used for the identification of mycobacteria, detection of the mutations in the resistance genes as well as the molecular epidemiological studies. The availability of new kits, and accumulated experience with nucleic acid amplification techniques for M. tuberculosis detection in most laboratories, have yielded improved sensitivity and specificity of these tests.
{"title":"Molecular Dıagnostic Tests Used in the Dıagnosis of Tuberculosis","authors":"G. Tarhan","doi":"10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000532","url":null,"abstract":"The definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is dependent on the isolation, identification and drug susceptibility testing of the causal agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis by cultivation. Smear microscopy has poor sensitivity and culture is slow to yield results. The resurgence of tuberculosis worldwide has been accompanied by an increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis on all continents. At the same time, a number of other nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) species are emerging as causes of disease. A quick and correct diagnosis of symptomatic tuberculosis is critical for the control of this serious disease. The nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) and other molecular biology methods (i DNA hybridization, DNA sequencing, etc.) are essential in today’s laboratory practices for detection and characterization of mycobacteria. The use of NAATs in the routine detection of mycobacteria allowed a fast and accurate detection of the Mycobacterium species within 24 hours. The methods are widely used for the identification of mycobacteria, detection of the mutations in the resistance genes as well as the molecular epidemiological studies. The availability of new kits, and accumulated experience with nucleic acid amplification techniques for M. tuberculosis detection in most laboratories, have yielded improved sensitivity and specificity of these tests.","PeriodicalId":422893,"journal":{"name":"Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130028960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-20DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000531
G. Tarhan
Diagnosing active TB accurately and rapidly is a key challenge for eradicating the TB epidemic.Conventional culture methods are slow and staining methods not sufficiently sensitive. Nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) tend to be costly and in some cases lack sensitivity. Antibody detection tests (serological tests) have a long history and have been used successfully for the rapid diagnosis of many infectious diseases (e.g., HIV, syphilis, and viral hepatitis). TB serological tests almost exclusively rely on antibody recognition of antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the humoral immune response, as opposed to antigen recognition by the cellular immune response (e.g. interferon-gamma release assays. These tests use various modifications of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunochromatographic methods to detect different antibody classes. Cellular immunodiagnostics, including tuberculin skin test (TST) and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) have been used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The TST is the only universally accepted test for the diagnosis of LTBI.
{"title":"The Place Importance of Serologic Techniques in Tuberculosis Dıagnosis","authors":"G. Tarhan","doi":"10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000531","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosing active TB accurately and rapidly is a key challenge for eradicating the TB epidemic.Conventional culture methods are slow and staining methods not sufficiently sensitive. Nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs) tend to be costly and in some cases lack sensitivity. Antibody detection tests (serological tests) have a long history and have been used successfully for the rapid diagnosis of many infectious diseases (e.g., HIV, syphilis, and viral hepatitis). TB serological tests almost exclusively rely on antibody recognition of antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the humoral immune response, as opposed to antigen recognition by the cellular immune response (e.g. interferon-gamma release assays. These tests use various modifications of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunochromatographic methods to detect different antibody classes. Cellular immunodiagnostics, including tuberculin skin test (TST) and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) have been used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The TST is the only universally accepted test for the diagnosis of LTBI.","PeriodicalId":422893,"journal":{"name":"Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129871470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000529
Mohammad Palangar, H. Jamali, Atefahekhosraubak
Leishmaniasis is one the six most important diseases in tropical areas. Study and research on various aspects of it is recommended and supported by the World Health Organization. Broom tail rodents (Rodentia: Muridae: Gerbillinae) are the most important reservoir hosts of parasite causes wet cutaneous leishmaniasis (or Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) disease) means Leishmania major. Different species of rodents from different regions of Iran play role in maintenance of the parasite. The purpose of this research is molecular study of cutaneous leishmaniasis human reservoirs and infections in Bastak County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. Live traps were used to catch rodents. The rodents were anesthetized with chloroform in the field and four slides were prepared from earlobe of each animal by sanding method and their morphometric characteristics were completely measured and recorded. Rodent abdomen was opened with blade and the liver and the spleen of each sample were kept in a numbered container containing 70% ethanol. The prepared slides were examined with microscopic (Giemsa staining) and molecular methods. Finally, using Nested-PCR method, they were evaluated using species-specific primers (LIN R4, LIN 17, LIN 19). A total of 108 rodents from five species of three different genera were collected. Meriones persicus species with 26.9% was the predominant species. A contamination in T.indica species and two cases of contamination in two samples of female M.hurrianae were observed. L. major species was also identified. Broom tail rodents are abundance and have relatively high diversity in Bastak County. They live in proximity to human dwellings. Tatera indica and Meriones hurrianae species are introduced as the disease reservoir hosts in this area and use of molecular and PCR methods provides the possibility of faster diagnosis of parasite species.
利什曼病是热带地区六种最重要的疾病之一。世界卫生组织建议并支持对其各个方面进行研究。帚尾鼠(啮齿目:鼠科:沙billinae)是引起湿性皮肤利什曼病(或人畜共患皮肤利什曼病(ZCL)病)的寄生虫最重要的宿主。来自伊朗不同地区的不同种类的啮齿动物在寄生虫的维持中发挥作用。本研究的目的是对伊朗霍尔木兹甘省Bastak县皮肤利什曼病人类宿主和感染的分子研究。用活捕器捕捉啮齿动物。在野外用氯仿麻醉鼠，用砂磨法从每只鼠耳垂上制备4片载玻片，完整地测量并记录其形态特征。用刀片切开鼠腹，各标本的肝脏和脾脏保存在含有70%乙醇的编号容器中。对制备的载玻片进行显微(吉姆萨染色)和分子检测。最后，采用巢式pcr方法，利用物种特异性引物(LIN R4, LIN 17, LIN 19)对它们进行鉴定。共采集鼠类3属5种108只。优势种为西瓜，占26.9%。在2个样本中分别观察到1个籼稻种和2个雌性胡里奈尔蚊种的污染情况。L.主要种也有鉴定。巴塔克县帚尾鼠数量丰富，多样性较高。它们住在人类住所附近。引进了印度塔塔拉(Tatera indica)和飓风梅里安(Meriones hurrianae)作为该地区的疾病寄主，利用分子和PCR方法为寄生虫种类的快速诊断提供了可能。
{"title":"Molecular Study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Human Reservoirs and Infections in Bastak","authors":"Mohammad Palangar, H. Jamali, Atefahekhosraubak","doi":"10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000529","url":null,"abstract":"Leishmaniasis is one the six most important diseases in tropical areas. Study and research on various aspects of it is recommended and supported by the World Health Organization. Broom tail rodents (Rodentia: Muridae: Gerbillinae) are the most important reservoir hosts of parasite causes wet cutaneous leishmaniasis (or Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) disease) means Leishmania major. Different species of rodents from different regions of Iran play role in maintenance of the parasite. The purpose of this research is molecular study of cutaneous leishmaniasis human reservoirs and infections in Bastak County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. Live traps were used to catch rodents. The rodents were anesthetized with chloroform in the field and four slides were prepared from earlobe of each animal by sanding method and their morphometric characteristics were completely measured and recorded. Rodent abdomen was opened with blade and the liver and the spleen of each sample were kept in a numbered container containing 70% ethanol. The prepared slides were examined with microscopic (Giemsa staining) and molecular methods. Finally, using Nested-PCR method, they were evaluated using species-specific primers (LIN R4, LIN 17, LIN 19). A total of 108 rodents from five species of three different genera were collected. Meriones persicus species with 26.9% was the predominant species. A contamination in T.indica species and two cases of contamination in two samples of female M.hurrianae were observed. L. major species was also identified. Broom tail rodents are abundance and have relatively high diversity in Bastak County. They live in proximity to human dwellings. Tatera indica and Meriones hurrianae species are introduced as the disease reservoir hosts in this area and use of molecular and PCR methods provides the possibility of faster diagnosis of parasite species.","PeriodicalId":422893,"journal":{"name":"Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131281644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-31DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000528
I. Tunçer
From the concept of energy and matter to the magnetic fields in the universe, the relation between macro and micro points of view gives new perspectives for the understanding and management of life. While the discoveries of huge magnetic fields and mapping those are helping about galaxy and space formation [1,2], the magnetic fields of human body give information about the situation of cells, organs and the hole organism [3].
{"title":"The Magnetic Field Therapies in Association with the Relation between Macro and Microcosmos","authors":"I. Tunçer","doi":"10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000528","url":null,"abstract":"From the concept of energy and matter to the magnetic fields in the universe, the relation between macro and micro points of view gives new perspectives for the understanding and management of life. While the discoveries of huge magnetic fields and mapping those are helping about galaxy and space formation [1,2], the magnetic fields of human body give information about the situation of cells, organs and the hole organism [3].","PeriodicalId":422893,"journal":{"name":"Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122306319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-18DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000527
Ahmed Assem
This article addresses a risk based approach to establish a routine monitoring program of viable (I.e. microorganisms) in a controlled environment used to produce pharmaceutical products that are intended to be terminally sterilized. Current applicable quality system regulation & GMP require appropriate environment to be established, maintained and monitored for the manufacturing of the terminally sterilized pharmaceutical meanwhile the appropriate environmental monitoring plan is not clearly specified & a risk based approach will be a valuable tool to design a suitable program Table 1: Variable Very Low Low Normal High Very High Risk factor (A) Amount of microbial contamination on, or in, a source 1-2 (Class A) 3-4 (Class B) 5-6
{"title":"Viable Monitoring During the Filling of a Terminally Sterilized Pharmaceutical Product-Risk Based Approach","authors":"Ahmed Assem","doi":"10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/CJMI.2018.02.000527","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses a risk based approach to establish a routine monitoring program of viable (I.e. microorganisms) in a controlled environment used to produce pharmaceutical products that are intended to be terminally sterilized. Current applicable quality system regulation & GMP require appropriate environment to be established, maintained and monitored for the manufacturing of the terminally sterilized pharmaceutical meanwhile the appropriate environmental monitoring plan is not clearly specified & a risk based approach will be a valuable tool to design a suitable program Table 1: Variable Very Low Low Normal High Very High Risk factor (A) Amount of microbial contamination on, or in, a source 1-2 (Class A) 3-4 (Class B) 5-6","PeriodicalId":422893,"journal":{"name":"Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128841261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-15DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2018.01.000522
P. Birwal
In today’s generation the demand of fresh food with absence of harmful micro-organisms is increasing with world-wide awareness of the health benefits and risks associated with consumption of food. Meeting consumers’ expectation is necessity of the food industry. Food borne illness as a result of either post contamination or inefficient processing of food with pathogenic bacteria is a world-wide concern in this millennium. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reported and documented Salmonella as the most common cause of food-borne outbreaks in the EU 3. Numbers of outbreaks of foodborne diseases due to salmonella spp., L. Monocytogens and E. coli have been reported and documented worldwide which caused loss of many lives in last few decades. United States Centers for disease control and prevention, reported that two-thirds of foodborne illness is caused by human enteric viruses i.e. nor virus (NoV), hepatitis A and E.
{"title":"Non-Thermal Decontamination of Food","authors":"P. Birwal","doi":"10.31031/CJMI.2018.01.000522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/CJMI.2018.01.000522","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s generation the demand of fresh food with absence of harmful micro-organisms is increasing with world-wide awareness of the health benefits and risks associated with consumption of food. Meeting consumers’ expectation is necessity of the food industry. Food borne illness as a result of either post contamination or inefficient processing of food with pathogenic bacteria is a world-wide concern in this millennium. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reported and documented Salmonella as the most common cause of food-borne outbreaks in the EU 3. Numbers of outbreaks of foodborne diseases due to salmonella spp., L. Monocytogens and E. coli have been reported and documented worldwide which caused loss of many lives in last few decades. United States Centers for disease control and prevention, reported that two-thirds of foodborne illness is caused by human enteric viruses i.e. nor virus (NoV), hepatitis A and E.","PeriodicalId":422893,"journal":{"name":"Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131917853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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