A. A. Nugraha, D. Sumarsono, M. Adhitya, R. Siregar, Nazaruddin, F. Zainuri
MEV 02 UI is a city car-type vehicle as a program for converting the conventional vehicle into the electric vehicleat the Universitas Indonesia. In the brake system, the booster component still uses the Vacum Brake Booster. Vacuum type booster brakes require air vacuum generated by the engine intake manifold. Electric vehicles do not have anengine to create a vacuum in the intake manifold because they usean electric motor. Type of vacuum brake booster on electric vehicles used, it is necessary to have an additional vacuum pump component. The use of a vacuum pump requires an additional electric power of 1200 Wh. The existence of a vacuum pump requires an additional space of 0.25 m × 0.15 m × 0.15 m. This study aims to design a new mechanism for a booster type Solenoid Brake Booster as a substitute for a type of vacuum brake booster mechanism. The method used in this research is to analyze the related braking force on the City Car MEV-02. Furthermore, analyzing the force generated by the type of vacuum brake booster as an initial reference for designing the Solenoid Brake Booster design. The design of the Solenoid Brake Booster construction mechanism is designed using CAD software. Solenoid brake booster design uses a magnetic force generated by the solenoid coil, which pulls the lever rod connected to the brake master. The brake pedal that is stepped on by the driver activates the flow of electricity in the solenoid and activates a magnetic force so that the solenoid brake booster mechanism will assist the driver force in stepping on the brake pedal. Unlike the previous research, this research resulted in a solenoid brake booster design with only 94.07 Wh of battery power.
MEV 02 UI是一款城市汽车，是印尼大学将传统汽车转换为电动汽车的项目。在制动系统中，助力部件仍采用真空制动助力器。真空式助力制动器需要由发动机进气歧管产生的空气真空。电动汽车没有发动机在进气歧管中产生真空，因为它们使用电动机。在电动汽车上使用的真空制动助力器类型，必须要有额外的真空泵部件。使用真空泵需要额外1200瓦时的电力。真空泵的存在需要额外的0.25 m × 0.15 m × 0.15 m的空间。本研究旨在设计一种新的助力式电磁制动助力器机构，以替代真空制动助力机构。本研究采用的方法是对城市轿车MEV-02的相关制动力进行分析。进一步分析了真空制动助力器所产生的力，为电磁制动助力器的设计提供了初步参考。利用CAD软件对电磁制动助力器结构机构进行了设计。电磁制动助力器设计利用电磁线圈产生的磁力，拉动连接到制动主控杆上的杠杆杆。驾驶员踩下的制动踏板激活电磁阀内的电流流动并激活磁力，使电磁阀制动助力机构辅助驾驶员踩下制动踏板。与之前的研究不同，这项研究的结果是电磁制动助力器的设计只有94.07 Wh的电池功率。
{"title":"Development of the MEV 02 UI brake model into a Solenoid Brake Booster system to support the converting program of conventional vehicles to electric vehicles","authors":"A. A. Nugraha, D. Sumarsono, M. Adhitya, R. Siregar, Nazaruddin, F. Zainuri","doi":"10.1063/5.0064489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0064489","url":null,"abstract":"MEV 02 UI is a city car-type vehicle as a program for converting the conventional vehicle into the electric vehicleat the Universitas Indonesia. In the brake system, the booster component still uses the Vacum Brake Booster. Vacuum type booster brakes require air vacuum generated by the engine intake manifold. Electric vehicles do not have anengine to create a vacuum in the intake manifold because they usean electric motor. Type of vacuum brake booster on electric vehicles used, it is necessary to have an additional vacuum pump component. The use of a vacuum pump requires an additional electric power of 1200 Wh. The existence of a vacuum pump requires an additional space of 0.25 m × 0.15 m × 0.15 m. This study aims to design a new mechanism for a booster type Solenoid Brake Booster as a substitute for a type of vacuum brake booster mechanism. The method used in this research is to analyze the related braking force on the City Car MEV-02. Furthermore, analyzing the force generated by the type of vacuum brake booster as an initial reference for designing the Solenoid Brake Booster design. The design of the Solenoid Brake Booster construction mechanism is designed using CAD software. Solenoid brake booster design uses a magnetic force generated by the solenoid coil, which pulls the lever rod connected to the brake master. The brake pedal that is stepped on by the driver activates the flow of electricity in the solenoid and activates a magnetic force so that the solenoid brake booster mechanism will assist the driver force in stepping on the brake pedal. Unlike the previous research, this research resulted in a solenoid brake booster design with only 94.07 Wh of battery power.","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127055936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigates the rising utilisations of open domestic spaces for living activities during the COVID-19 outbreak. As a living machine, the house is constituted by elements through a particular organisation for the wellbeing of the users, which includes its open spaces. The study points out that the discussion of the role and utilisations of domestic open spaces has been limited, focusing on simple activities and its performances on aiding building comforts. Based on observations and interviews on fifteen households in greater Jakarta, Indonesia, the paper maps different utilisations of open spaces, addressing them as fluid spatial strategies that support the health and wellbeing of the overall domestic spaces. The study highlights three important roles of domestic open spaces in a tropical context, demonstrating their transitional, hygiene enhancing, and productive capacities. It is argued that these capacities embrace and encourage the often-fluid relationship between architecture and its surrounding environment, as a part of a healthy machine of living, particularly in the times of a pandemic.
{"title":"A healthy machine for living: Investigating the fluidity of open spaces in the domestic environment during the pandemic","authors":"R. Suryantini, K. D. Paramita, Y. Yatmo","doi":"10.1063/5.0063938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0063938","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates the rising utilisations of open domestic spaces for living activities during the COVID-19 outbreak. As a living machine, the house is constituted by elements through a particular organisation for the wellbeing of the users, which includes its open spaces. The study points out that the discussion of the role and utilisations of domestic open spaces has been limited, focusing on simple activities and its performances on aiding building comforts. Based on observations and interviews on fifteen households in greater Jakarta, Indonesia, the paper maps different utilisations of open spaces, addressing them as fluid spatial strategies that support the health and wellbeing of the overall domestic spaces. The study highlights three important roles of domestic open spaces in a tropical context, demonstrating their transitional, hygiene enhancing, and productive capacities. It is argued that these capacities embrace and encourage the often-fluid relationship between architecture and its surrounding environment, as a part of a healthy machine of living, particularly in the times of a pandemic.","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125512704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lipids are an inexpensive and high-quality biodiesel raw material. They can be extracted fromspent coffee grounds. The purpose of this study is to obtain the effect of process parameters on the lipid extraction from spent coffee grounds using supercritical carbon dioxide. The hot sphere diffusion model with desorption as the limiting step of releasing solutes to the fluid phase has been used to obtain those parameter effects. The lipid yield increases with increasing pressure at the same temperature, and decreases with increasing temperature at the same pressure. An increase in the extractor height from 0.32 m to 1.5 m gives an increase in the yield from 1.52 grams to 8.32 grams at the same duration of the extraction. When the extractor height is doubled from 1,5 m, the yield reaches 12.28 grams. At the extraction with the particle size of 0.27 mm, the yield produced at 111th minute is 11.83%. The yield decreases to 8.39% when the particle size enlarges to 0.75 mm. The increase in the solvent flowrate from 0.0018 kg/min to 0.005 kg/min, then to 0.01 kg/min causes the lipid yield to increase continuously.
{"title":"Simulation of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of lipid from spent coffee grounds","authors":"Y. Muharam, Muhammad Audry Ramadhany","doi":"10.1063/5.0063913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0063913","url":null,"abstract":"Lipids are an inexpensive and high-quality biodiesel raw material. They can be extracted fromspent coffee grounds. The purpose of this study is to obtain the effect of process parameters on the lipid extraction from spent coffee grounds using supercritical carbon dioxide. The hot sphere diffusion model with desorption as the limiting step of releasing solutes to the fluid phase has been used to obtain those parameter effects. The lipid yield increases with increasing pressure at the same temperature, and decreases with increasing temperature at the same pressure. An increase in the extractor height from 0.32 m to 1.5 m gives an increase in the yield from 1.52 grams to 8.32 grams at the same duration of the extraction. When the extractor height is doubled from 1,5 m, the yield reaches 12.28 grams. At the extraction with the particle size of 0.27 mm, the yield produced at 111th minute is 11.83%. The yield decreases to 8.39% when the particle size enlarges to 0.75 mm. The increase in the solvent flowrate from 0.0018 kg/min to 0.005 kg/min, then to 0.01 kg/min causes the lipid yield to increase continuously.","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116911468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of process industries, including chemical, petrochemical and oleochemical needed catalysts for processing. Catalyst has an important role to accelerate the reaction process of final product. Zeolite can also have an active role in the conversion of raw material as catalysts providing the required selectivity towards base chemicals. Among the catalysts for hydrocarbon catalytic cracking, ZSM-5 zeolite is the most widely used since its acidity, special pore structure and it has more than five Si/Al ratios. Indonesia has abundant mineral resources used as natural zeolites for some important industries application. The natural zeolites contain some impurities and its normally was activated to open the pore, remove the organic impurities and increase the Si/Al ratio. This research studied the activation of the Sukabumi's zeolite as catalyst candidate for petrochemical purpose compared to the commercial catalyst ZSM-5 with Si/Al ratio of 23. The produced samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX, and BET. Both of activated zeolites show an increasing trend in crystallite size, crystallinity degree, Si/Al ratio, and surface area in range of 30-40% compared to the natural zeolite-parent. While the infrared spectrum indicates the 70% similarities to the specific peaks of H-ZSM5.
{"title":"Prospect of Sukabumi natural zeolite for petrochemical industry: Preparation and characterization of natural zeolite","authors":"B. R. Barus, Dianursanti, M. D. Solikhah","doi":"10.1063/5.0064310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0064310","url":null,"abstract":"Most of process industries, including chemical, petrochemical and oleochemical needed catalysts for processing. Catalyst has an important role to accelerate the reaction process of final product. Zeolite can also have an active role in the conversion of raw material as catalysts providing the required selectivity towards base chemicals. Among the catalysts for hydrocarbon catalytic cracking, ZSM-5 zeolite is the most widely used since its acidity, special pore structure and it has more than five Si/Al ratios. Indonesia has abundant mineral resources used as natural zeolites for some important industries application. The natural zeolites contain some impurities and its normally was activated to open the pore, remove the organic impurities and increase the Si/Al ratio. This research studied the activation of the Sukabumi's zeolite as catalyst candidate for petrochemical purpose compared to the commercial catalyst ZSM-5 with Si/Al ratio of 23. The produced samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDX, and BET. Both of activated zeolites show an increasing trend in crystallite size, crystallinity degree, Si/Al ratio, and surface area in range of 30-40% compared to the natural zeolite-parent. While the infrared spectrum indicates the 70% similarities to the specific peaks of H-ZSM5.","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131714689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia as an agricultural country certainly has problems regarding pest attacks and organic waste. One pests that are spread throughout Indonesia is Spodoptera frugiperda which only appeared in March 2019. Organic waste becoming a big problem because of the amount meet 60% of Indonesia’s total waste. One of the many organic wastes found in Indonesia is durian whose peel is estimated to produce around 556,360 tons of waste per year. Durian contains essential oils, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins that are toxic to pests. The bioactive compound of durian peel is extracted using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method which is a maceration using ultrasonic wave with variations of ethanol solvent concentration. The extraction process is carried out at 40°C, 53 kHz, and 20 minutes. The variation of the solvent affects the extract’s yield and mortality percentage of Fall Armyworm. The highest yield is generated by aquadest solvent with 87.05±1.56%. Efficacy test is conducted to all extracts and it proofs that the durian peel extracts have the ability as a bioinsecticide with highest mortality percentage by 27% for 30% ethanol solvent. GC-MS test was carried out for the best extract and Cholecalciferol was obtained as the highest potential compound as pesticide with a peak area of 23.68%. Identified compounds were tested by molecular docking with acetylcholinesterase as insecticidal receptors and the highest docking value of -6.8 kcal/mol was obtained for n- Hexadecanoic Acid and 1-Octadecene compounds. The highest interaction similarity with control ligand was owned by 1- Octadecene with 80% similarity.
{"title":"The production of fall armyworm bioinsecticide from Durian mesocarpium waste using ultrasonic-assisted extraction method","authors":"Dinda Wulan Alindi, R. Arbianti, T. S. Utami","doi":"10.1063/5.0064744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0064744","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia as an agricultural country certainly has problems regarding pest attacks and organic waste. One pests that are spread throughout Indonesia is Spodoptera frugiperda which only appeared in March 2019. Organic waste becoming a big problem because of the amount meet 60% of Indonesia’s total waste. One of the many organic wastes found in Indonesia is durian whose peel is estimated to produce around 556,360 tons of waste per year. Durian contains essential oils, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins that are toxic to pests. The bioactive compound of durian peel is extracted using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method which is a maceration using ultrasonic wave with variations of ethanol solvent concentration. The extraction process is carried out at 40°C, 53 kHz, and 20 minutes. The variation of the solvent affects the extract’s yield and mortality percentage of Fall Armyworm. The highest yield is generated by aquadest solvent with 87.05±1.56%. Efficacy test is conducted to all extracts and it proofs that the durian peel extracts have the ability as a bioinsecticide with highest mortality percentage by 27% for 30% ethanol solvent. GC-MS test was carried out for the best extract and Cholecalciferol was obtained as the highest potential compound as pesticide with a peak area of 23.68%. Identified compounds were tested by molecular docking with acetylcholinesterase as insecticidal receptors and the highest docking value of -6.8 kcal/mol was obtained for n- Hexadecanoic Acid and 1-Octadecene compounds. The highest interaction similarity with control ligand was owned by 1- Octadecene with 80% similarity.","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114197730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The technological development of a highly maneuver aircraft controller is challenging, as the theoretical foundations are difficult to derive and the experiments for developing those methods are expensive. As conventional PID controller could not be a guarantee to work with the same level of accuracy in the entire operating range, a neural network based controller is proposed due to its excellent ability of self-learning and self-adapting, and it could be used to approximate any nonlinear function with strong robustness and fault-tolerant for the nonlinear characteristics of the plant. As the learning mechanism of the neural networks depends on the accurate data from the aircraft, in this research, those data are taken from X-Plane aircraft simulator. Results show that our developed method could acquire the Cessna aircraft's flight data that could be used as system identification and the development of a control system for the aircraft.
{"title":"Data acquisition of X-plane’s aircraft through matlab for neural network based identification system","authors":"M. Fadlian, Maulana Bisyir Azhari, B. Kusumoputro","doi":"10.1063/5.0066213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066213","url":null,"abstract":"The technological development of a highly maneuver aircraft controller is challenging, as the theoretical foundations are difficult to derive and the experiments for developing those methods are expensive. As conventional PID controller could not be a guarantee to work with the same level of accuracy in the entire operating range, a neural network based controller is proposed due to its excellent ability of self-learning and self-adapting, and it could be used to approximate any nonlinear function with strong robustness and fault-tolerant for the nonlinear characteristics of the plant. As the learning mechanism of the neural networks depends on the accurate data from the aircraft, in this research, those data are taken from X-Plane aircraft simulator. Results show that our developed method could acquire the Cessna aircraft's flight data that could be used as system identification and the development of a control system for the aircraft.","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122885484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The blending effect of Sumatran crude oil on wax deposition through flow assurance simulation","authors":"Ferdio Giffary, A. Alimin, B. Susanto","doi":"10.1063/5.0063435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0063435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131826101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasna Aprilia, Jelita Ninda Qorina, R. Arbianti, T. S. Utami
One way to treat oil waste is a seawater desalination system that uses exoelectorgenic bacteria as an agent for the degradation of organic compounds contained in oil waste. Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) is a development of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), a method that can eliminate salt content in seawater using electricity generated by bacteria from wastewater. Stacked Microbial Desalination Cell (SMDC) is an MDC development where SMDC uses many pairs of ion Exchange Membranes (IEMs) where IEMs are placed between the Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) and the Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM). This is intended to increase the efficiency of electron transfer. SMDC can also return more energy than other types of MDC so that the cost is more effectively. In this research, using a 2-SMDC reactor configuration with graphite rods as anode, CFC coated with activated carbon as a cathode, potassium permanganate as catholyte, and adding ion exchange resin to salt chamber. Independent variables used in this research were activated carbon mass variations of 0, 2, and 4 g. Parameters that will be obtained are COD, electrical productivity, and pH. The results obtained in this study indicate that the optimum mass variation of activated carbon is 4 g by adding Ion Exchange resin (ratio Resin Na and Cl 1 : 1) with a COD reduction of 57.808% and produces electrical productivity of 0.000561 W/m3 , and the change in pH by 0.24.
{"title":"Improved performance of stacked microbial desalination cell as oil waste model treatment by adding ion exchange resin and activated carbon","authors":"Hasna Aprilia, Jelita Ninda Qorina, R. Arbianti, T. S. Utami","doi":"10.1063/5.0064869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0064869","url":null,"abstract":"One way to treat oil waste is a seawater desalination system that uses exoelectorgenic bacteria as an agent for the degradation of organic compounds contained in oil waste. Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) is a development of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), a method that can eliminate salt content in seawater using electricity generated by bacteria from wastewater. Stacked Microbial Desalination Cell (SMDC) is an MDC development where SMDC uses many pairs of ion Exchange Membranes (IEMs) where IEMs are placed between the Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) and the Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM). This is intended to increase the efficiency of electron transfer. SMDC can also return more energy than other types of MDC so that the cost is more effectively. In this research, using a 2-SMDC reactor configuration with graphite rods as anode, CFC coated with activated carbon as a cathode, potassium permanganate as catholyte, and adding ion exchange resin to salt chamber. Independent variables used in this research were activated carbon mass variations of 0, 2, and 4 g. Parameters that will be obtained are COD, electrical productivity, and pH. The results obtained in this study indicate that the optimum mass variation of activated carbon is 4 g by adding Ion Exchange resin (ratio Resin Na and Cl 1 : 1) with a COD reduction of 57.808% and produces electrical productivity of 0.000561 W/m3 , and the change in pH by 0.24.","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117090157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil obtained from co-pyrolysis of biomass-polypropylene plastic contains alkenes which may cause high ignition delay time and instability when compared to commercial diesel fuel. A hydrogenation reaction is needed to upgrade the characteristics of bio-oil to be close to those of commercial diesel fuel. The present work is aimed to investigate the effect of stirring rotational speed of the impeller in a hydrogenation reactor on the characteristics of biofuels in terms of vinyl content, branching index, viscosity, and heating value. The speed of the stirrer was varied 200 to 500 rpm with an increment of 100 rpm. Within the reactor, hydrogen gas was recirculated from the gas phase above the liquid phase through a line of the hollow impeller shaft into the liquid phase by utilizing pressure difference between the gas phase and liquid phase in the wake of impeller blades. The chemical analysis related to the characteristic were FTIR, GC-MS, and H-NMR spectroscopies. A catalyst of Ni/Al2O3 was used to form hydrogen radicals from hydrogen gas. It was found that increasing the stirring rotational speed from 200 to 400 rpm reduces vinyl content in the bio-oil, and on contrary, increasing further to 500 rpm increases the vinyl content expectedly due to the formation of vortex around the impeller shaft which induces the gas into the impeller. In terms of HHV and viscosity values, the biofuel produced by the hydrogenation at a rotational speed of 400 rpm presents similar values to those of commercial diesel. Meanwhile, biofuel produced by the hydrogenation at a rotational speed of 200 rpm has a branching index closest to that of commercial diesel.
{"title":"Effect of impeller rotational speed on biofuel characteristics in non-oxygenated bio-oil hydrogenation reaction using gas self-inducing impeller","authors":"D. Supramono, Nazrul Rahman","doi":"10.1063/5.0064726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0064726","url":null,"abstract":"The non-oxygenated fraction of bio-oil obtained from co-pyrolysis of biomass-polypropylene plastic contains alkenes which may cause high ignition delay time and instability when compared to commercial diesel fuel. A hydrogenation reaction is needed to upgrade the characteristics of bio-oil to be close to those of commercial diesel fuel. The present work is aimed to investigate the effect of stirring rotational speed of the impeller in a hydrogenation reactor on the characteristics of biofuels in terms of vinyl content, branching index, viscosity, and heating value. The speed of the stirrer was varied 200 to 500 rpm with an increment of 100 rpm. Within the reactor, hydrogen gas was recirculated from the gas phase above the liquid phase through a line of the hollow impeller shaft into the liquid phase by utilizing pressure difference between the gas phase and liquid phase in the wake of impeller blades. The chemical analysis related to the characteristic were FTIR, GC-MS, and H-NMR spectroscopies. A catalyst of Ni/Al2O3 was used to form hydrogen radicals from hydrogen gas. It was found that increasing the stirring rotational speed from 200 to 400 rpm reduces vinyl content in the bio-oil, and on contrary, increasing further to 500 rpm increases the vinyl content expectedly due to the formation of vortex around the impeller shaft which induces the gas into the impeller. In terms of HHV and viscosity values, the biofuel produced by the hydrogenation at a rotational speed of 400 rpm presents similar values to those of commercial diesel. Meanwhile, biofuel produced by the hydrogenation at a rotational speed of 200 rpm has a branching index closest to that of commercial diesel.","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129551436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Berawi, Gerald Reka Risjad Brasali, Gunawan, M. Sari
{"title":"Institutional model development for implementation of track access charge in Indonesia","authors":"M. Berawi, Gerald Reka Risjad Brasali, Gunawan, M. Sari","doi":"10.1063/5.0063869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0063869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":422976,"journal":{"name":"THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL RENEWABLE ENERGY CONFERENCE (THE 5TH iTREC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125433962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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