Abstract In its resolve for digital banking, the researchers have developed various models like TAM, UTAUT 1 and UTAUT 2 which aim to identify the key drivers of digital banking. This study primarily intends to comprehend the significance of different drivers of digital banking by developing a hierarchical model of key drivers of digital banking. The hierarchical model is done using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM. The study comprises of the drivers that could be directly impacting the adoption of digital banking. These constructs have been categorized and mapped using driving power-dependence diagram.
{"title":"Developing a Hierarchical Model for the Drivers of Digital Banking – an Interpretive Structural Modelling Approach","authors":"M. Albugami","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In its resolve for digital banking, the researchers have developed various models like TAM, UTAUT 1 and UTAUT 2 which aim to identify the key drivers of digital banking. This study primarily intends to comprehend the significance of different drivers of digital banking by developing a hierarchical model of key drivers of digital banking. The hierarchical model is done using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM. The study comprises of the drivers that could be directly impacting the adoption of digital banking. These constructs have been categorized and mapped using driving power-dependence diagram.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"85 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42609731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study intends to investigate the direct and indirect effect of terrorism and corruption on net migration for thirty-eight developing countries, along with other macroeconomic determinants like per capita GDP, globalization, inflation and institutional quality for the time period 1985-2015. Based on the Fixed and Random Effects models, findings show that terrorism and GDP per capita has negative while globalization has positively significant effect on the net migration in selected developing countries. The corruption and terrorism appeared to reinforcing each other in stimulating migration. Particularly, terrorism seeks its ways through corrupt financial activities which distorts the labor market and ultimately results in relatively large out-migration. The study suggests implementation of stiff anti-terrorism policies to improve domestic environment along with promoting globalization in such a way which can offer positive effect of out-migration on the domestic economy in the long run. And that is expected to take place at the onset of return migration of labor with enhanced skills and capabilities.
{"title":"Reinforcing Effect of Terrorism and Corruption Nexus on Net Migration from Developing Countries: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"Mahnoor Nusrat, B. Yasmin","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study intends to investigate the direct and indirect effect of terrorism and corruption on net migration for thirty-eight developing countries, along with other macroeconomic determinants like per capita GDP, globalization, inflation and institutional quality for the time period 1985-2015. Based on the Fixed and Random Effects models, findings show that terrorism and GDP per capita has negative while globalization has positively significant effect on the net migration in selected developing countries. The corruption and terrorism appeared to reinforcing each other in stimulating migration. Particularly, terrorism seeks its ways through corrupt financial activities which distorts the labor market and ultimately results in relatively large out-migration. The study suggests implementation of stiff anti-terrorism policies to improve domestic environment along with promoting globalization in such a way which can offer positive effect of out-migration on the domestic economy in the long run. And that is expected to take place at the onset of return migration of labor with enhanced skills and capabilities.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"65 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45671169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the types and intensity of connection between the amount of state funding for various programmes in sport invested by Croatian Olympic Committee from 2001 until 2016 and international sporting success of Croatian athletes. A connection between 12 independent variables (funds invested in 33 summer Olympic sports (24 individual and 9 team sports) broken down in 8 specific programmes, as well as the number of athletes and coaches in different programmes) and international sporting success was tested using regression analysis. The results show statistically significant logarithm connection between success and total funds invested (ACR=0.160, R2=0.319, p=0.001). Additionally, three variables showed linear, eight logarithm and one quadratic type of connection. Applying different regression models contributes to better understanding of connection between the amount and direction of investments in high performance sport and result of those investments in the form of achieved international sporting success.
{"title":"Connection between State Funding and International Sporting Success: The Case of Croatia","authors":"Sanela Škorić, Evica Obadić","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to determine the types and intensity of connection between the amount of state funding for various programmes in sport invested by Croatian Olympic Committee from 2001 until 2016 and international sporting success of Croatian athletes. A connection between 12 independent variables (funds invested in 33 summer Olympic sports (24 individual and 9 team sports) broken down in 8 specific programmes, as well as the number of athletes and coaches in different programmes) and international sporting success was tested using regression analysis. The results show statistically significant logarithm connection between success and total funds invested (ACR=0.160, R2=0.319, p=0.001). Additionally, three variables showed linear, eight logarithm and one quadratic type of connection. Applying different regression models contributes to better understanding of connection between the amount and direction of investments in high performance sport and result of those investments in the form of achieved international sporting success.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"119 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44959488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obaika M. Ohikhuare, Oluwatomisin J. Oyewole, A. Adedeji
Abstract The study of public health investment, human capital accumulation, and labour productivity are essential in formulating policies that drive economic development. This study examines the individual and interactive effects of public health investment and human capital accumulation and the interactive effect of human capital accumulation and financial opportunity on labour productivity in West Africa from 1992 to 2020, respectively. The interactive effect of human capital accumulation and financial opportunity has not been given any attention in the literature. The following findings are apparent in the study: One, public health Investment and human capital accumulation positively affect labour productivity in the short and long run. Two, the interactive effect of human capital accumulation and public Health Investment positively and significantly affect labour productivity in the short and long run. Lastly, the interactive effect of human capital accumulation and financial opportunity positively and significantly affects labour productivity in the short and long run. Hence, we suggest that economic policy be formulated to ensure that affordable healthcare and financial opportunity are available, together with human capital accumulation, to fast-track the normalization of the economy.
{"title":"Public Health Investment, Human Capital Accumulation, and Labour Productivity: Evidence from West Africa","authors":"Obaika M. Ohikhuare, Oluwatomisin J. Oyewole, A. Adedeji","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study of public health investment, human capital accumulation, and labour productivity are essential in formulating policies that drive economic development. This study examines the individual and interactive effects of public health investment and human capital accumulation and the interactive effect of human capital accumulation and financial opportunity on labour productivity in West Africa from 1992 to 2020, respectively. The interactive effect of human capital accumulation and financial opportunity has not been given any attention in the literature. The following findings are apparent in the study: One, public health Investment and human capital accumulation positively affect labour productivity in the short and long run. Two, the interactive effect of human capital accumulation and public Health Investment positively and significantly affect labour productivity in the short and long run. Lastly, the interactive effect of human capital accumulation and financial opportunity positively and significantly affects labour productivity in the short and long run. Hence, we suggest that economic policy be formulated to ensure that affordable healthcare and financial opportunity are available, together with human capital accumulation, to fast-track the normalization of the economy.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"139 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49414333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adegboye, Ifeoluwa Alao-Owunna, Folake R. Bank-Ola
Abstract The effects of macroeconomic shocks and labour market institutions on employment in sub-Saharan African countries are examined in this study. Using a sample of 27 SSA countries for the period 2007 to 2018, both linear and interactive relationships are investigated. The results show that labour market institutions (especially in terms of wage flexibility) dampen the effects of shocks on modern employment but amplify the effects of shocks on informal employment in the sampled SSA countries. There is also evidence that shocks themselves (especially those emanating from the external sector) do not matter for a huge proportion of employment changes in SSA countries. Rather, the direct effects of shocks on employment are more profound in the formal sector. The study therefore concludes that reforming the informal sector will help to ensure the effectiveness of labour market institutions in mitigating the negative impacts of external shocks on employment in SSA.
{"title":"Macroeconomic Shocks and Employment in sub-Sharan Africa: Do Labour Market Institutions Matter?","authors":"A. Adegboye, Ifeoluwa Alao-Owunna, Folake R. Bank-Ola","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of macroeconomic shocks and labour market institutions on employment in sub-Saharan African countries are examined in this study. Using a sample of 27 SSA countries for the period 2007 to 2018, both linear and interactive relationships are investigated. The results show that labour market institutions (especially in terms of wage flexibility) dampen the effects of shocks on modern employment but amplify the effects of shocks on informal employment in the sampled SSA countries. There is also evidence that shocks themselves (especially those emanating from the external sector) do not matter for a huge proportion of employment changes in SSA countries. Rather, the direct effects of shocks on employment are more profound in the formal sector. The study therefore concludes that reforming the informal sector will help to ensure the effectiveness of labour market institutions in mitigating the negative impacts of external shocks on employment in SSA.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"97 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48957525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Fehér, P. Kollár, Ádám Szobi, Anna Urbán, Ákos Jarjabka, József Poór
Abstract In the present study, we examine the question of whether the cultural characteristics of the country of the parent company are related to the posting practices of the parent company. According to our hypothesis, the management culture of the sending (parent) company influences the employment of foreign expats in local subsidiaries. In this research we use interviews and multivariate statistical analysis of survey data from five CEE countries, an important but relatively less examined region for global HR mobility. We found a significant relationship between cultural differences and expatriate assignment practices of MNCs. However, based on the strength of the relationship, we can conclude that in addition to management culture, other influencing factors typically influence posting decisions. Our results support Hofstede’s suggestion about the cultural dependence of management methods from a specific, management of expatriates, perspective.
{"title":"Relationship between Cultural Origin of Multinational Companies and Employing Expatriates in Foreign Subsidiaries in Central and Eastern Europe","authors":"J. Fehér, P. Kollár, Ádám Szobi, Anna Urbán, Ákos Jarjabka, József Poór","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present study, we examine the question of whether the cultural characteristics of the country of the parent company are related to the posting practices of the parent company. According to our hypothesis, the management culture of the sending (parent) company influences the employment of foreign expats in local subsidiaries. In this research we use interviews and multivariate statistical analysis of survey data from five CEE countries, an important but relatively less examined region for global HR mobility. We found a significant relationship between cultural differences and expatriate assignment practices of MNCs. However, based on the strength of the relationship, we can conclude that in addition to management culture, other influencing factors typically influence posting decisions. Our results support Hofstede’s suggestion about the cultural dependence of management methods from a specific, management of expatriates, perspective.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"19 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45938613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper seeks to build a model of the aging workers’ work-life quality and analyze the effect of its factors on the work engagement of elderly workers. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the effects among seven constructs. The results show that the effect of the occupational stress of elderly workers on their work engagement and work satisfaction is negative, and the effects of the friendly working conditions, maintenance of work ability, and training programs on the work engagement of elderly workers are positive. The results show that the effect of health promotion in the workplace for elderly workers on their work satisfaction is positive, and so is the effect of work satisfaction on work engagement. The findings of this research can help employers better manage elderly workers and create a healthy and safe work environment for them. A better environment leads to higher work engagement of elderly workers.
{"title":"The SEM Model of Better Workers’ Life in Companies","authors":"M. Rožman, V. Čančer","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper seeks to build a model of the aging workers’ work-life quality and analyze the effect of its factors on the work engagement of elderly workers. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the effects among seven constructs. The results show that the effect of the occupational stress of elderly workers on their work engagement and work satisfaction is negative, and the effects of the friendly working conditions, maintenance of work ability, and training programs on the work engagement of elderly workers are positive. The results show that the effect of health promotion in the workplace for elderly workers on their work satisfaction is positive, and so is the effect of work satisfaction on work engagement. The findings of this research can help employers better manage elderly workers and create a healthy and safe work environment for them. A better environment leads to higher work engagement of elderly workers.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"33 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42871054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir I. Avdiiskii, V. Bezdenezhnykh, N. M. Yartseva
Abstract The current state, processes and development trends of national and world economic systems require the development of fundamentally new theoretical economic models adequate to the market, reflecting real changes in the world in the near future and in the long term. The purpose of this study was to find the right risk management tools. For this, cases were analysed in which various methods of managing the socio-economic sphere were used. Myths and stereotypes about the behaviour of people in this area were identified. The authors emphasized that macro-indicators of the state of economic systems are not canceled and are used in existing calculation models, but their predicted “strength” should be supplemented by a new model analysis based on a risk-based approach, taking into account the distinguished trend of assessing the current economic development.
{"title":"Influence of the Risk-Based Approach on the Development of the Management of Organizations","authors":"Vladimir I. Avdiiskii, V. Bezdenezhnykh, N. M. Yartseva","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current state, processes and development trends of national and world economic systems require the development of fundamentally new theoretical economic models adequate to the market, reflecting real changes in the world in the near future and in the long term. The purpose of this study was to find the right risk management tools. For this, cases were analysed in which various methods of managing the socio-economic sphere were used. Myths and stereotypes about the behaviour of people in this area were identified. The authors emphasized that macro-indicators of the state of economic systems are not canceled and are used in existing calculation models, but their predicted “strength” should be supplemented by a new model analysis based on a risk-based approach, taking into account the distinguished trend of assessing the current economic development.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"177 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45443628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kulenović, Ljiljana Veselinović, A. Šunje, Ermin Cero
Abstract This study explores the mechanism of influence of total quality management (TQM) practices on a company’s financial performance (FP), considering innovation performance (IP) as a mediator variable. In addition, the proposed model seeks to determine whether the competition intensity (CI) moderates the relationship between TQM practices and FP. Based on the sample of 593 companies from various sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina, structural equation modeling is used to analyze the relationships between the variables in the model. The results of this paper reveal the implicit and often omitted impact of IP on FP taking into account TQM practices, suggesting that the impact of TQM practices is manifested through full mediation of IP. The moderating effect of CI in the relationship between TQM practices and FP was not supported. The results indicate the role and the importance of IP in the mechanism of influence of TQM practices.
{"title":"Understanding the Mechanism of Influence of TQM Practices on Financial Performance: the Mediating Effect of Innovation Performance","authors":"M. Kulenović, Ljiljana Veselinović, A. Šunje, Ermin Cero","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study explores the mechanism of influence of total quality management (TQM) practices on a company’s financial performance (FP), considering innovation performance (IP) as a mediator variable. In addition, the proposed model seeks to determine whether the competition intensity (CI) moderates the relationship between TQM practices and FP. Based on the sample of 593 companies from various sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina, structural equation modeling is used to analyze the relationships between the variables in the model. The results of this paper reveal the implicit and often omitted impact of IP on FP taking into account TQM practices, suggesting that the impact of TQM practices is manifested through full mediation of IP. The moderating effect of CI in the relationship between TQM practices and FP was not supported. The results indicate the role and the importance of IP in the mechanism of influence of TQM practices.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"149 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46547019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract For a long time, tourism has been considered a social, economic and environmental phenomenon that provides products and services whose consumption is supposed to surge in periods of economic growth and wane in periods of slowdown, thereby acting procyclical. To examine this hypothesis, we have explored the exact behavior of tourism activity before and after the last big economic crisis – the Great Recession 2008 followed by the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. We have applied a methodology of business cycle analysis to investigate the relationship between the cyclical components of GDP and tourism nights spent by the residents of 23 EU member states in the 1996-2018 period. We report an important structural change in the relationship between tourism and business cycles. The relationship became apparently weaker over time and finally became insignificant after the end of the crisis, suggesting a smooth structural change. Our findings suggest uncertainty as to how tourism activity would restore its usual dynamics following the end of the current COVID-19 pandemic recession.
{"title":"Tourism and Business Cycles: Does the Relationship Fade Away?","authors":"Ivan Kožić, Vladimir Arčabić, Ivan Sever","doi":"10.2478/zireb-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For a long time, tourism has been considered a social, economic and environmental phenomenon that provides products and services whose consumption is supposed to surge in periods of economic growth and wane in periods of slowdown, thereby acting procyclical. To examine this hypothesis, we have explored the exact behavior of tourism activity before and after the last big economic crisis – the Great Recession 2008 followed by the European Sovereign Debt Crisis. We have applied a methodology of business cycle analysis to investigate the relationship between the cyclical components of GDP and tourism nights spent by the residents of 23 EU member states in the 1996-2018 period. We report an important structural change in the relationship between tourism and business cycles. The relationship became apparently weaker over time and finally became insignificant after the end of the crisis, suggesting a smooth structural change. Our findings suggest uncertainty as to how tourism activity would restore its usual dynamics following the end of the current COVID-19 pandemic recession.","PeriodicalId":42298,"journal":{"name":"Zagreb International Review of Economics & Business","volume":"25 1","pages":"95 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47423318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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