Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-1
О. Babachenko, Т. Balakhanova, O. Safronova, G. Kononenko
Purpose. Investigation of the effect of different total concentration and ratio of Si and Mn content on the dendritic structure and segregation inhomogeneity of cast carbon steel and its transformation after hot plastic deformation. Methods of research. To determine the effect of the content of Si and Mn, experimental ingots with a variable chemical composition within the grade were made for three steel grades used for the manufacture of railway axles – grade OS according to DSTU 31334, F according to AAR M 101 and EA1N according to EN 13261. To determine the dendritic structure microstructural analysis was used after etching in sodium picrate. Results. A comparative analysis of the microstructure of the experimental heats of steels with a variable chemical composition has been carried out. The ratio of content in steel Si and Mn in the cast state and after deformation is established. A significant effect of the total deoxidation in steel on the formation of microhardness inhomogeneity over the cross section of a carbon steel ingot and microinhomogeneity of the structure of individual sections is shown. It was found that after deformation, the central zones turned out to be the most worked out (especially for steel with a chemical composition within the EA1N grade, characterized by an increased content of Mn). Scientific novelty. The study of the influence of fluctuations in the content of the basic elements of carbon steel leads to the development of ideas about the formation of a dendritic structure and segregation heterogeneity in railway axle steels. Рractical value. Knowledge of the principles of segregation formation is necessary to determine further modes of deformation and heat treatment not only for continuously cast billets or ingots, but also for final products.
{"title":"STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE Si/Mn CONTENT RATIO ON THE DENDRITIC STRUCTURE OF STEELS FOR RAILWAY AXLES","authors":"О. Babachenko, Т. Balakhanova, O. Safronova, G. Kononenko","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Investigation of the effect of different total concentration and ratio of Si and Mn content on the dendritic structure and segregation inhomogeneity of cast carbon steel and its transformation after hot plastic deformation. \u0000Methods of research. To determine the effect of the content of Si and Mn, experimental ingots with a variable chemical composition within the grade were made for three steel grades used for the manufacture of railway axles – grade OS according to DSTU 31334, F according to AAR M 101 and EA1N according to EN 13261. To determine the dendritic structure microstructural analysis was used after etching in sodium picrate. \u0000Results. A comparative analysis of the microstructure of the experimental heats of steels with a variable chemical composition has been carried out. The ratio of content in steel Si and Mn in the cast state and after deformation is established. A significant effect of the total deoxidation in steel on the formation of microhardness inhomogeneity over the cross section of a carbon steel ingot and microinhomogeneity of the structure of individual sections is shown. It was found that after deformation, the central zones turned out to be the most worked out (especially for steel with a chemical composition within the EA1N grade, characterized by an increased content of Mn). \u0000Scientific novelty. The study of the influence of fluctuations in the content of the basic elements of carbon steel leads to the development of ideas about the formation of a dendritic structure and segregation heterogeneity in railway axle steels. \u0000Рractical value. Knowledge of the principles of segregation formation is necessary to determine further modes of deformation and heat treatment not only for continuously cast billets or ingots, but also for final products.","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129905400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-12
V. Pleskach
{"title":"THE USE OF STANDARD TERMINOLOGY IN POWDER METALLURGY","authors":"V. Pleskach","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130651838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-10
S. Ryagin
Purpose. Experimental finding of Young’s modulus values of the specimen of steel 09Г2С with weld longitudinal arrangement and of the basic metal, which is used for box girder manufacturing, by means of non-electrical strain measurement under various loads. Comparison of the received results among themselves and with data of references. Methods of research. Experiment, strain measurement, least-squares technique. Results. Several metal strips of steel 09Г2С arranged crosswisely have been welded for making of a specimen. The specimen of steel 09Г2С with weld longitudinal arrangement and rectangular cross-section has been produced of the received detail by milling with cooling. Tests have been executed on calibrated equipment for finding of Young’s modulus values of the weld and of the basic metal. Strains have been measured by Huggenberger tensometer during experiment. Experimental results have been processed by least-squares technique. The received results have been compared among themselves and with data of references. It has been found out, that Young’s modulus values of the basic metal on all references are comparable, but differ one from another. Young’s modulus values of the weld differ essentially. Weld Young’s modulus is a little bigger than basic metal Young’s modulus according to experimental data of other author. Weld Young’s modulus is a little smaller than basic metal Young’s modulus according to the received experimental data. This difference can be explained, in particular, by different ways of production of specimens for finding of weld Young’s modulus. Scientific novelty. Young’s modulus values of the specimen of steel 09Г2С with weld longitudinal arrangement has been experimentally found by means of mechanical strain measurement under various loads and with result processing by least-squares technique. Practical value. Experimentally found Young’s modulus values of the weld of the basic metal are necessary at physical and mathematical modelling of a stress state of a box girders of steel 09Г2С.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL FINDING OF YOUNG’S MODULUS OF A WELD BOX GIRDER MADE OF STEEL 09Г2С","authors":"S. Ryagin","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-10","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Experimental finding of Young’s modulus values of the specimen of steel 09Г2С with weld longitudinal arrangement and of the basic metal, which is used for box girder manufacturing, by means of non-electrical strain measurement under various loads. Comparison of the received results among themselves and with data of references. \u0000Methods of research. Experiment, strain measurement, least-squares technique. \u0000Results. Several metal strips of steel 09Г2С arranged crosswisely have been welded for making of a specimen. The specimen of steel 09Г2С with weld longitudinal arrangement and rectangular cross-section has been produced of the received detail by milling with cooling. Tests have been executed on calibrated equipment for finding of Young’s modulus values of the weld and of the basic metal. Strains have been measured by Huggenberger tensometer during experiment. Experimental results have been processed by least-squares technique. The received results have been compared among themselves and with data of references. It has been found out, that Young’s modulus values of the basic metal on all references are comparable, but differ one from another. Young’s modulus values of the weld differ essentially. Weld Young’s modulus is a little bigger than basic metal Young’s modulus according to experimental data of other author. Weld Young’s modulus is a little smaller than basic metal Young’s modulus according to the received experimental data. This difference can be explained, in particular, by different ways of production of specimens for finding of weld Young’s modulus. \u0000Scientific novelty. Young’s modulus values of the specimen of steel 09Г2С with weld longitudinal arrangement has been experimentally found by means of mechanical strain measurement under various loads and with result processing by least-squares technique. \u0000Practical value. Experimentally found Young’s modulus values of the weld of the basic metal are necessary at physical and mathematical modelling of a stress state of a box girders of steel 09Г2С.","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132002412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-8
Р. Shtanko, S. Ryagin
Purpose. Development of mathematical pendulum model which considers rotation of globe roundit’s own axis and parallel at which pendulum has been installed with use of Lagrange’s differential equations of the second kind. Checking whether oscillation plane position with respect to a meridian influences mathematical pendulum model. Methods of research. Mathematical modelling, Lagrange’s differential equations of the second kind. Results. Two design schemes of a mathematical pendulum have been developed which consider rotation of globe roundit’s own axis and pendulum installation place. They differ only by oscillation plane position with respect to a meridian. Formulas for kinetic energy for both schemes and the general formula for potential energy have been developed. The corresponding nonlinear differential equations are received by means of Lagrange’s differential equations of the second kind. The analysis of the received results show, that oscillation period of a mathematical pendulum depends not only on amplitude but as well on parallel at which the the test has been executed, and also oscillation plane position with respect to a meridian. Scientific novelty. The model of a mathematical pendulum has been developed with use of Lagrange’s differential equations of the second kind, which considers rotation of globe roundit’s own axis and pendulum installation place. Practical value.It’s found out, that not only amplitude, but position of oscillation plane with respect to a meridian, and also a parallel at which the the test has been executed influences mathematical pendulum oscillation. In particular, it has essential value when search of minerals is carried out by means of gravimetry using pendular devices, when smallest changes of a gravitational constant are estimated.
{"title":"OSCILLATION OF A MATHEMATICAL PENDULUM TAKING INTO ACCOUNT GLOBE ROTATION","authors":"Р. Shtanko, S. Ryagin","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Development of mathematical pendulum model which considers rotation of globe roundit’s own axis and parallel at which pendulum has been installed with use of Lagrange’s differential equations of the second kind. Checking whether oscillation plane position with respect to a meridian influences mathematical pendulum model. \u0000Methods of research. Mathematical modelling, Lagrange’s differential equations of the second kind. \u0000Results. Two design schemes of a mathematical pendulum have been developed which consider rotation of globe roundit’s own axis and pendulum installation place. They differ only by oscillation plane position with respect to a meridian. Formulas for kinetic energy for both schemes and the general formula for potential energy have been developed. The corresponding nonlinear differential equations are received by means of Lagrange’s differential equations of the second kind. The analysis of the received results show, that oscillation period of a mathematical pendulum depends not only on amplitude but as well on parallel at which the the test has been executed, and also oscillation plane position with respect to a meridian. \u0000Scientific novelty. The model of a mathematical pendulum has been developed with use of Lagrange’s differential equations of the second kind, which considers rotation of globe roundit’s own axis and pendulum installation place. \u0000Practical value.It’s found out, that not only amplitude, but position of oscillation plane with respect to a meridian, and also a parallel at which the the test has been executed influences mathematical pendulum oscillation. In particular, it has essential value when search of minerals is carried out by means of gravimetry using pendular devices, when smallest changes of a gravitational constant are estimated.","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114142085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-7
О. Kachan, S. Ulanov
Purpose. Improvement in durability of welded drums of compressor rotors of the gas turbine engines by treatment in fluidized bed of abrasive material. Methods of research. The investigations were carried out on the welded drums of rotors of high pressure compressor (HPC) of the D-36 aero engine. The drums were treated in the fluidized bed of abrasive material of the АПС-600 installation without the nozzles and with the use of special air-blast nozzles. Test specimens for checking durability were cut of HPC stages 1 and 4 discs after carrying out various machining processes. Durability testing of test specimens cut of HPC stage 4 disc was carried out at the УМЭ-1 ТМ machine at temperature Т = 400 °С. Durability testing of test specimens cut of HPC stage 1 disc was carried out at the ЭДЦ-20 machine at temperature Т = 20 °С. Results. It was found that averaged cyclic life of the test specimens made of titanium alloy ВТ-9, treated in the fluidized bed of abrasive material being a part of the drum with the use of air-blast nozzles, is 2.2 times higher than the averaged cyclic life of the test specimens treated in the fluidized bed of abrasive material without the use of air-blast nozzles at temperature Т = 400 °С. When treating the drum of the HPC rotor in the fluidized bed of abrasive material without the use of air-blast nozzle, better treatment of the bottom of the slot and corners of its end faces is ensured. Low-temperature annealing of the drum at temperature Т = 550 °С is preferable than at Т = 750 °С, since cyclic life of the test specimens annealed at Т = 550 °С is somewhat higher. Annealing at Т = 750 °С removes completely strengthening effect obtained by treatment in the fluidized bed of abrasive material. Successive treatment of the disc as a part of the drum in the fluidized bed restores its durability to the initial state. Scientific novelty. It was demonstrated that treatment of the welded drums of the compressor rotors in the fluidized bed of abrasive material with the use of special air-blast nozzles improves the quality of treatment and cyclic life if compared to the treatment without air-blast nozzles. Annealing temperature for the compressor rotor drum, which ensures high average cyclic life, was established. Practical value. There were offered technological procedure and modes of treatment of the welded drums of the HPC of the D-36 aero engine in the fluidized bed of abrasive material with the use of special air-blast nozzles, ensuring durability 2.2 times higher than without the use of the air-blast nozzles.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT IN DURABILITY OF WELDED DRUMS COMPRESSOR ROTORS BY TREATMENT IN FLUDIZED BED OF ABRASIVE MATERIAL","authors":"О. Kachan, S. Ulanov","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Improvement in durability of welded drums of compressor rotors of the gas turbine engines by treatment in fluidized bed of abrasive material. \u0000Methods of research. The investigations were carried out on the welded drums of rotors of high pressure compressor (HPC) of the D-36 aero engine. The drums were treated in the fluidized bed of abrasive material of the АПС-600 installation without the nozzles and with the use of special air-blast nozzles. \u0000Test specimens for checking durability were cut of HPC stages 1 and 4 discs after carrying out various machining processes. \u0000Durability testing of test specimens cut of HPC stage 4 disc was carried out at the УМЭ-1 ТМ machine at temperature Т = 400 °С. \u0000Durability testing of test specimens cut of HPC stage 1 disc was carried out at the ЭДЦ-20 machine at temperature Т = 20 °С. \u0000Results. It was found that averaged cyclic life of the test specimens made of titanium alloy ВТ-9, treated in the fluidized bed of abrasive material being a part of the drum with the use of air-blast nozzles, is 2.2 times higher than the averaged cyclic life of the test specimens treated in the fluidized bed of abrasive material without the use of air-blast nozzles at temperature Т = 400 °С. \u0000When treating the drum of the HPC rotor in the fluidized bed of abrasive material without the use of air-blast nozzle, better treatment of the bottom of the slot and corners of its end faces is ensured. \u0000Low-temperature annealing of the drum at temperature Т = 550 °С is preferable than at Т = 750 °С, since cyclic life of the test specimens annealed at Т = 550 °С is somewhat higher. \u0000Annealing at Т = 750 °С removes completely strengthening effect obtained by treatment in the fluidized bed of abrasive material. \u0000Successive treatment of the disc as a part of the drum in the fluidized bed restores its durability to the initial state. \u0000Scientific novelty. It was demonstrated that treatment of the welded drums of the compressor rotors in the fluidized bed of abrasive material with the use of special air-blast nozzles improves the quality of treatment and cyclic life if compared to the treatment without air-blast nozzles. \u0000Annealing temperature for the compressor rotor drum, which ensures high average cyclic life, was established. \u0000Practical value. There were offered technological procedure and modes of treatment of the welded drums of the HPC of the D-36 aero engine in the fluidized bed of abrasive material with the use of special air-blast nozzles, ensuring durability 2.2 times higher than without the use of the air-blast nozzles.","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128575516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-4
L. Malinov, V. Malinov, D. Burova
Purpose. The possibility of increasing the mechanical properties of the investigated structural steels by using technologies including holding in ICIT, as well as heating to a typical temperature of austenitization before or after holding in ICIT is shown. Methods of research. Durometric, metallographic and X-ray research methods were used. The tensile properties and impact strength were determined. These properties were compared with those obtained for the studied steels after a typical heat treatment. Results. It is shown that the technologies of normalization and quenching with holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to a typical austenitizing temperature increasing of the mechanical properties of the studied steels in comparison with theirs level after a typical heat treatment. Scientific novelty. Innovative technologies of normalization and quenching, which includs holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to a typical austenitizing temperature, were used and showed their effectiveness. Practical value. The technologies of normalization and quenching, which includs holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to the typical temperature of austenitization are proposed for practical application
{"title":"INCREASING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW-CARBON LOW-ALLOY STEELS BY NORMALIZING AND QUENCHING WITH A STANDBY IN THE INTERCRITICAL INTERVAL OF TEMPERATURES","authors":"L. Malinov, V. Malinov, D. Burova","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The possibility of increasing the mechanical properties of the investigated structural steels by using technologies including holding in ICIT, as well as heating to a typical temperature of austenitization before or after holding in ICIT is shown. \u0000Methods of research. Durometric, metallographic and X-ray research methods were used. The tensile properties and impact strength were determined. These properties were compared with those obtained for the studied steels after a typical heat treatment. \u0000Results. It is shown that the technologies of normalization and quenching with holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to a typical austenitizing temperature increasing of the mechanical properties of the studied steels in comparison with theirs level after a typical heat treatment. \u0000Scientific novelty. Innovative technologies of normalization and quenching, which includs holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to a typical austenitizing temperature, were used and showed their effectiveness. \u0000Practical value. The technologies of normalization and quenching, which includs holding in ICIT, as well as heating before or after it to the typical temperature of austenitization are proposed for practical application","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128525552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-9
V. Lebedev, V. Tishchenko, M. Brykov
Purpose. Research of the influence of modulation of arc processes on characteristics of clad metal with revealing the dependences of chemical composition and geometrical dimensions of the clad metal on the modulation parameters, as well as the development of mathematical models of these dependences with the purpose of predicting the results of modulation to improve the quality of deposited layers. Methods of research. Well-known methods of surfacing metal research were used: spectral analysis of metal composition, metallographic analysis of the obtained samples of cross-sections of the cladding rolls. Special computerized programs were used to measure geometric dimensions of the roll. Methods of regression analysis were used in order to obtain generalized mathematical models of dependencies of chemical elements and geometrical dimensions on modulation parameters. Results. In the process of research with electric-arc cladding of electrode flux-cored self-shielded wire, generalized results of dependences of carbon, chromium and boron content, width, amplification and penetration of cross-sectional area on the frequency and modulation duty cycle of electric-arc process parameters were obtained. Method of mathematical description of modulation effect on chemical composition and shape of the weld bead was developed. Scientific novelty. It was suggested to carry out estimation of the results by applying mathematical models when carrying out the electric arc process with periodic change of power parameters of current surfacing due to controlling the electric drive of the electrode wire feeding mechanism and also with change of voltage when controlling the output voltage of the welding current source. Practical value. A set of studies concerning the effects of modulation of power parameters of the welding process using an original development of the modulator allows, based on relatively simple systems of automatic and mechanized equipmen makes it possible, to obtain a controlled process of influence on the characteristics of the fused metal with their improvement for the implementation in industrial production.
{"title":"THE STUDY OF THE PECULIARITIES OF THE MECHANIZED ELECTRIC ARC CLADDING WITH PERIODIC VARIATION OF THE MODES OF THE PROCESS","authors":"V. Lebedev, V. Tishchenko, M. Brykov","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Research of the influence of modulation of arc processes on characteristics of clad metal with revealing the dependences of chemical composition and geometrical dimensions of the clad metal on the modulation parameters, as well as the development of mathematical models of these dependences with the purpose of predicting the results of modulation to improve the quality of deposited layers. \u0000Methods of research. Well-known methods of surfacing metal research were used: \u0000spectral analysis of metal composition, metallographic analysis of the obtained samples of cross-sections of the cladding rolls. Special computerized programs were used to measure geometric dimensions of the roll. Methods of regression analysis were used in order to obtain generalized mathematical models of dependencies of chemical elements and geometrical dimensions on modulation parameters. \u0000Results. In the process of research with electric-arc cladding of electrode flux-cored self-shielded wire, generalized results of dependences of carbon, chromium and boron content, width, amplification and penetration of cross-sectional area on the frequency and modulation duty cycle of electric-arc process parameters were obtained. Method of mathematical description of modulation effect on chemical composition and shape of the weld bead was developed. \u0000Scientific novelty. It was suggested to carry out estimation of the results by applying mathematical models when carrying out the electric arc process with periodic change of power parameters of current surfacing due to controlling the electric drive of the electrode wire feeding mechanism and also with change of voltage when controlling the output voltage of the welding current source. \u0000Practical value. A set of studies concerning the effects of modulation of power parameters of the welding process using an original development of the modulator allows, based on relatively simple systems of automatic and mechanized equipmen makes it possible, to obtain a controlled process of influence on the characteristics of the fused metal with their improvement for the implementation in industrial production.","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133610424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-3
V. Mazur
Рurpose. To investigate the peculiarities of the structure formation in white cast irons with the participation of Fe3C and Fe7C3 carbides. Methods of research. By the comparing detailed both microscopic and thermal (DSC) kinetics of the melting and crystallization process to determine the regularities of the eutectic transformation of the white cast iron under significant undercooling of the liquid phase. Microscopic analysis of samples using a light microscope Jenaphot 2000 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Thermal analyses using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) STA 449C “Jupiter” (Netzsch Geratebau GmbH, Germany). Results. It is shown that eutectic crystallization of white cast irons with great undercooling of the melt is a complex process that consists of crystallization and simultaneous dissolution of crystalline phases: γ austenite and two metastable carbides Fe3C and Fe7C3. In general, crystallization proceeds according to scheme L → L+ Fe7C3 +γ → L++ Fe7C3 + γ + Fe3C→ Fe7C3 +γ+ Fe3C. As a result, two eutectics are formed, one Fe7C3 +γ (plate-like) with austenitic, second ledeburite γ+ Fe3C with cementite matrix. Scientific novelty. The microscopic kinetics of nucleating and growth of plate-like Fe7C3 +γ eutectics was investigated and relative stability of Fe7C3 carbide under normal conditions was found. A scheme of metastable phase equilibria with the participation of Fe7C3 carbide in system Fe-Fe3C-Fe7C3 is proposed. Practical value. A simple liquid phase processing technology is proposed in order to generate significant undercooling of the melt that causes formation a natural composite material with both a matrix of transformed austenite and carbide reinforcing phases.
{"title":"EUTECTIC CRYSTALLIZATION OF Fe-C ALLOYS WITH HYPERCEMENTITE CARBIDE","authors":"V. Mazur","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Рurpose. To investigate the peculiarities of the structure formation in white cast irons with the participation of Fe3C and Fe7C3 carbides. \u0000Methods of research. By the comparing detailed both microscopic and thermal (DSC) kinetics of the melting and crystallization process to determine the regularities of the eutectic transformation of the white cast iron under significant undercooling of the liquid phase. \u0000Microscopic analysis of samples using a light microscope Jenaphot 2000 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Thermal analyses using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) STA 449C “Jupiter” (Netzsch Geratebau GmbH, Germany). \u0000Results. It is shown that eutectic crystallization of white cast irons with great undercooling of the melt is a complex process that consists of crystallization and simultaneous dissolution of crystalline phases: γ austenite and two metastable carbides Fe3C and Fe7C3. In general, crystallization proceeds according to scheme L → L+ Fe7C3 +γ → L++ Fe7C3 + γ + Fe3C→ Fe7C3 +γ+ Fe3C. As a result, two eutectics are formed, one Fe7C3 +γ (plate-like) with austenitic, second ledeburite γ+ Fe3C with cementite matrix. \u0000Scientific novelty. The microscopic kinetics of nucleating and growth of plate-like Fe7C3 +γ eutectics was investigated and relative stability of Fe7C3 carbide under normal conditions was found. A scheme of metastable phase equilibria with the participation of Fe7C3 carbide in system Fe-Fe3C-Fe7C3 is proposed. \u0000Practical value. A simple liquid phase processing technology is proposed in order to generate significant undercooling of the melt that causes formation a natural composite material with both a matrix of transformed austenite and carbide reinforcing phases.","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131376104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-5
V. Lebedev, G. Zuck G., M. Brykov
Purpose. To study and analyze in a comparative order the influence of factors of the controlled pulse process of electrode wire supply on some basic mechanical characteristics of seams and welded rollers in the processes of welding and surfacing of nickel-containing steels. Methods of research. The study the mechanical characteristics of seams and welded rollers was carried out using modern laboratory equipment and appropriate techniques. This made it possible to determine how the pulse feed parameters affect the strength characteristics of the weld and near the weld zone over the entire cross-sectional area of the weld or weld layer. Detailed characteristics of feed pulses were determined using a welding process analyzer to obtain oscillograms of power parameters of arc combustion with their analysis, including determining the stability of the arc process for different types of pulses. Important for the improvement of welding results is the controlled nature of the electrode metal transfer synchronous with the pulsed movement of the electrode. It is noted that the energy consumption of the arc process during the pulse supply of the electrode wire with an indication of its reduction compared to traditional welding. Experimental work was performed using a special electrode wire, which is usually used for welding and surfacing of nickel-containing steels. These processes were carried out in a protective environment of CO2 in automatic mode. Results. Due to the fact that the strength characteristics of the weld are among the most important, attention is paid to their definition and analysis. The strength characteristics depend on many parameters, in particular the thermal characteristics of the process, the structure of the weld metal, the presence of non-metallic inclusions and so on. All these factors were studied with the help of appropriate instruments, and on the basis of numerous comparative photos of microstructures on sections of the cross section. The analysis of the sections revealed the types of microstructures obtained, the presence of inclusions and more. It is determined, in particular, that the structure of weld metal in pulsed electrode wire welding differs significantly from the structure of traditional welding in reducing inclusions, finer grains, etc., which improves the mechanical properties of the weld and seam area. Scientific novelty. Based on a series of experimental studies, the use of pulse algorithms for the movement of the electrode wire with certain parameters in automatic mode for welding and surfacing of nickel-containing steels to improve the mechanical properties of seams and welded rollers. Practical value. It is determined that the method of pulse welding of electrode wire to the controlled variant, including nickel-containing steels is effective and can be widely used in industry using specially designed equipment that provides a suitable process with stronger characteristics.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF NICKEL-CONTAINING STEEL STRUCTURES DURING MECHANIZED WELDING-SURFACING WITH MODIFIED (DOSED) ELECTRODE WIRE FEEDING","authors":"V. Lebedev, G. Zuck G., M. Brykov","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To study and analyze in a comparative order the influence of factors of the controlled pulse process of electrode wire supply on some basic mechanical characteristics of seams and welded rollers in the processes of welding and surfacing of nickel-containing steels. \u0000Methods of research. The study the mechanical characteristics of seams and welded rollers was carried out using modern laboratory equipment and appropriate techniques. This made it possible to determine how the pulse feed parameters affect the strength characteristics of the weld and near the weld zone over the entire cross-sectional area of the weld or weld layer. Detailed characteristics of feed pulses were determined using a welding process analyzer to obtain oscillograms of power parameters of arc combustion with their analysis, including determining the stability of the arc process for different types of pulses. Important for the improvement of welding results is the controlled nature of the electrode metal transfer synchronous with the pulsed movement of the electrode. It is noted that the energy consumption of the arc process during the pulse supply of the electrode wire with an indication of its reduction compared to traditional welding. \u0000Experimental work was performed using a special electrode wire, which is usually used for welding and surfacing of nickel-containing steels. These processes were carried out in a protective environment of CO2 in automatic mode. \u0000Results. Due to the fact that the strength characteristics of the weld are among the most important, attention is paid to their definition and analysis. The strength characteristics depend on many parameters, in particular the thermal characteristics of the process, the structure of the weld metal, the presence of non-metallic inclusions and so on. All these factors were studied with the help of appropriate instruments, and on the basis of numerous comparative photos of microstructures on sections of the cross section. The analysis of the sections revealed the types of microstructures obtained, the presence of inclusions and more. It is determined, in particular, that the structure of weld metal in pulsed electrode wire welding differs significantly from the structure of traditional welding in reducing inclusions, finer grains, etc., which improves the mechanical properties of the weld and seam area. \u0000Scientific novelty. Based on a series of experimental studies, the use of pulse algorithms for the movement of the electrode wire with certain parameters in automatic mode for welding and surfacing of nickel-containing steels to improve the mechanical properties of seams and welded rollers. \u0000Practical value. It is determined that the method of pulse welding of electrode wire to the controlled variant, including nickel-containing steels is effective and can be widely used in industry using specially designed equipment that provides a suitable process with stronger characteristics.","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"343 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134051542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-2
O. Glotka, V. Greshta, V. Ol’shanetskii
Purpose. It consists in optimizing the chemical composition and morphology of carbides of the welded nickel-based superalloy by changing the chemical composition, which allows to increase the performance properties of body parts by improving the shape and size of the carbide component. Methods of research Process modeling was performed by CALPHAD method. The initial data were the chemical compositions of model alloys with different concentrations of carbide-forming elements. The result of the calculation was the chemical compositions of carbides released in the respective systems. The experimental values were processed by the method of least squares to obtain correlation dependences of the "parameter-property" type and to establish mathematical equations of regression models that optimally describe these dependences. Results. Regularities of influence of chemical composition of metal on morphology and type of carbides are established. It is shown that depending on the introduced chemical elements in the system, the types of carbides and their chemical composition can change, which leads to a reduction of crack formation processes in the material. It is shown that the change in the composition of the material affects the shape, size and composition of the primary carbides. Scientific novelty. The established dependences of the multicomponent system Ni-22,5Cr-19Co-1,9Al-3,7Ti-2W-1,4Ta-1Nb-0,15C allow to determine the chemical composition of carbides by the chemical composition of the alloy. This makes it possible to change the types of carbides, their composition and morphology, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material, first of all the fatigue and heat-resistant characteristics. Practical value. An effective solution for establishing the structural-phase state of nickel-based superalloys by optimizing their chemical composition, which allowed to improve the performance properties of the material. The established dependences can be used in optimizing the composition of industrial nickel-based superalloys and in the development of new compositions.
{"title":"REGULARITIES OF INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ON MORPHOLOGYAND TYPE OF CARBIDES IN NICKEL-BASED SUPERALLOY","authors":"O. Glotka, V. Greshta, V. Ol’shanetskii","doi":"10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2022-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. It consists in optimizing the chemical composition and morphology of carbides of the welded nickel-based superalloy by changing the chemical composition, which allows to increase the performance properties of body parts by improving the shape and size of the carbide component. \u0000Methods of research Process modeling was performed by CALPHAD method. The initial data were the chemical compositions of model alloys with different concentrations of carbide-forming elements. The result of the calculation was the chemical compositions of carbides released in the respective systems. The experimental values were processed by the method of least squares to obtain correlation dependences of the \"parameter-property\" type and to establish mathematical equations of regression models that optimally describe these dependences. \u0000Results. Regularities of influence of chemical composition of metal on morphology and type of carbides are established. It is shown that depending on the introduced chemical elements in the system, the types of carbides and their chemical composition can change, which leads to a reduction of crack formation processes in the material. It is shown that the change in the composition of the material affects the shape, size and composition of the primary carbides. \u0000Scientific novelty. The established dependences of the multicomponent system Ni-22,5Cr-19Co-1,9Al-3,7Ti-2W-1,4Ta-1Nb-0,15C allow to determine the chemical composition of carbides by the chemical composition of the alloy. This makes it possible to change the types of carbides, their composition and morphology, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the material, first of all the fatigue and heat-resistant characteristics. \u0000Practical value. An effective solution for establishing the structural-phase state of nickel-based superalloys by optimizing their chemical composition, which allowed to improve the performance properties of the material. The established dependences can be used in optimizing the composition of industrial nickel-based superalloys and in the development of new compositions.","PeriodicalId":423067,"journal":{"name":"Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130427974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：