ABSTRACT:Women's roles in telecommunications history remain underexplored despite a recent proliferation of work on women in the history of technology. This special issue seeks to correct that imbalance by situating women's work in early telecommunications in the UK in relation to broader changes in British society.
{"title":"A History of Women in British Telecommunications: Introducing a Special Issue","authors":"E. Bruton, Marie Hicks","doi":"10.7560/ic55101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55101","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Women's roles in telecommunications history remain underexplored despite a recent proliferation of work on women in the history of technology. This special issue seeks to correct that imbalance by situating women's work in early telecommunications in the UK in relation to broader changes in British society.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43312945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:This article examines attitudes toward the female telephone operator in the British press and a range of literary and cultural sources. Perceptions of female telephonists were rooted in both reactions to the increasingly visible employment of women in white-collar work and uncertain responses to the telephone as a new communication medium. Such perceptions of the female telephonist became stereotyped and static, though there were some later challenges and attempts to nuance these perceptions as well. The General Post Office took over the service and implemented a number of changes, but ultimately the organization and telephonists themselves had to coexist with these stereotypes.
{"title":"\"Maiden, Whom We Never See\": Cultural Representations of the \"Lady Telephonist\" in Britain ca. 1880–1930 and Institutional Responses","authors":"H. Glew","doi":"10.7560/IC55103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC55103","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article examines attitudes toward the female telephone operator in the British press and a range of literary and cultural sources. Perceptions of female telephonists were rooted in both reactions to the increasingly visible employment of women in white-collar work and uncertain responses to the telephone as a new communication medium. Such perceptions of the female telephonist became stereotyped and static, though there were some later challenges and attempts to nuance these perceptions as well. The General Post Office took over the service and implemented a number of changes, but ultimately the organization and telephonists themselves had to coexist with these stereotypes.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"30 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48492497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two Approaches to Grand Strategy and the Uses of History Like Janus, grand strategy has two faces—one facing the future and the other the past. Grand Strategy builds on the assumption that men can use history to illuminate the dangers and foibles of the present and perhaps the near future. Grand strategy, although lacking an overarching definition or a set series of rules, has thematically in common the attempt to be useful to the present by deriving wisdom from history. One face of grand strategy, looking to the future, reduces the past’s complexity into applicable lessons. As Thucydides wrote, the human condition is such that a clear and precise understanding of past events is beneficial. What has happened will happen again. In contemporary parlance, this aspect of grand strategy is a part of policy making, and one potential definition of grand strategy is that type of intense, balanced consideration of ends and means occurring within an institutional framework, such as a government. Here, the goal is to make sense of complexity and enable leaders to make informed and rapid decisions. It is not possible to know all the facts or consider all potential choices. Understanding which policies and choices have worked and not worked in the past requires the skill to assemble the relevant evidence in order to make efficient policy—today an endeavor often assumed by the political scientist. However, humans all too easily find evidence to support the things they already believe—another aspect of human nature according to Thucydides. The danger of seeking to make the past useful is that in reducing complexity, the grand strategist will only confirm current opinions and never challenge them. Therefore, the other face of grand strategy looks to the past, in order to maintain accuracy and highlight complexity. Book Reviews
{"title":"Book Reviews","authors":"A. Mitchell","doi":"10.7560/ic54305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic54305","url":null,"abstract":"Two Approaches to Grand Strategy and the Uses of History Like Janus, grand strategy has two faces—one facing the future and the other the past. Grand Strategy builds on the assumption that men can use history to illuminate the dangers and foibles of the present and perhaps the near future. Grand strategy, although lacking an overarching definition or a set series of rules, has thematically in common the attempt to be useful to the present by deriving wisdom from history. One face of grand strategy, looking to the future, reduces the past’s complexity into applicable lessons. As Thucydides wrote, the human condition is such that a clear and precise understanding of past events is beneficial. What has happened will happen again. In contemporary parlance, this aspect of grand strategy is a part of policy making, and one potential definition of grand strategy is that type of intense, balanced consideration of ends and means occurring within an institutional framework, such as a government. Here, the goal is to make sense of complexity and enable leaders to make informed and rapid decisions. It is not possible to know all the facts or consider all potential choices. Understanding which policies and choices have worked and not worked in the past requires the skill to assemble the relevant evidence in order to make efficient policy—today an endeavor often assumed by the political scientist. However, humans all too easily find evidence to support the things they already believe—another aspect of human nature according to Thucydides. The danger of seeking to make the past useful is that in reducing complexity, the grand strategist will only confirm current opinions and never challenge them. Therefore, the other face of grand strategy looks to the past, in order to maintain accuracy and highlight complexity. Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48254229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This biennial review of the writings on the history of libraries, librarianship, and information surveys about two hundred publications that were published in 2016 and 2017. The essay is divided into a number of sections, including academic and public libraries, biography, technical services, and the history of reading and publishing. It also contains a brief list of theses and dissertations that were completed in 2016 and 2017.
{"title":"The Literature of American Library History, 2016–2017","authors":"Edward A. Goedeken","doi":"10.7560/ic54304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic54304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This biennial review of the writings on the history of libraries, librarianship, and information surveys about two hundred publications that were published in 2016 and 2017. The essay is divided into a number of sections, including academic and public libraries, biography, technical services, and the history of reading and publishing. It also contains a brief list of theses and dissertations that were completed in 2016 and 2017.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"30 1","pages":"342 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71338320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In response to a recent article by Donald Davis and John Aho, “Whither Library History?,” Jonathan Rose discusses six possible alternatives for the future of library history. Library histo...
{"title":"Back to the Future of Library History / Alternative Futures for Library History","authors":"J. Rose","doi":"10.7560/IC54103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC54103","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In response to a recent article by Donald Davis and John Aho, “Whither Library History?,” Jonathan Rose discusses six possible alternatives for the future of library history. Library histo...","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46663426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As historians of libraries and librarianship, we face the constant challenge of understanding the people and actions of another era, of another time, and perhaps even of another culture that has changed remarkably from the past to the present. Joyce Carol Oates observed recently that when it comes to the past we “are forever viewers, voyeurs. We haven’t a clue.”1 Yet, in order for us to do our work we need to find the clues that are left behind and from them create a story that will inform our readers about the library past and about how that past has influenced the present. That is the task before us each day as we labor in the vineyards of American library historiography.
作为图书馆和图书馆事业的历史学家，我们面临着不断的挑战，即理解另一个时代、另一个时代的人和行为，甚至可能是另一种从过去到现在发生了巨大变化的文化。乔伊斯·卡罗尔·奥茨(Joyce Carol Oates)最近观察到，当谈到过去时，我们“永远是观众，永远是偷窥者”。我们毫无头绪。然而，为了完成我们的工作，我们需要找到留下的线索，并从中创造一个故事，告诉我们的读者图书馆的过去，以及过去是如何影响现在的。这是我们每天在美国图书馆史学的葡萄园里劳作时所面临的任务。
{"title":"The Literature of American Library History, 2010–2011","authors":"E. Goedeken","doi":"10.7560/IC48405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/IC48405","url":null,"abstract":"As historians of libraries and librarianship, we face the constant challenge of understanding the people and actions of another era, of another time, and perhaps even of another culture that has changed remarkably from the past to the present. Joyce Carol Oates observed recently that when it comes to the past we “are forever viewers, voyeurs. We haven’t a clue.”1 Yet, in order for us to do our work we need to find the clues that are left behind and from them create a story that will inform our readers about the library past and about how that past has influenced the present. That is the task before us each day as we labor in the vineyards of American library historiography.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"48 1","pages":"506 - 536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2013-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7560/IC48405","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71338312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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