ABSTRACT:This article reports on the second part of a two-part study tracing the evolution of the Canadian Museum of History’s catalog of its ethnological collections from 1879 to the present day. Drawing on the insights of rhetorical genre studies, we examine how the catalog has been implicated in the formation and shaping of anthropological knowledge in the museum over the course of its history. In this second part, we trace the catalog’s evolution from internal management tool to public access tool between 1960 and 2018 and examine how it participated in the actions of systematizing, communicating, and reconciling knowledge within the museum during that time period.
{"title":"The Evolution of the Ethnographic Object Catalog of the Canadian Museum of History, Part 2: Systematizing, Communicating, and Reconciling Anthropological Knowledge in the Museum, ca. 1960–2018","authors":"Heather MacNeil, Jessica M Lapp, Nadine Finlay","doi":"10.7560/ic55303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:This article reports on the second part of a two-part study tracing the evolution of the Canadian Museum of History’s catalog of its ethnological collections from 1879 to the present day. Drawing on the insights of rhetorical genre studies, we examine how the catalog has been implicated in the formation and shaping of anthropological knowledge in the museum over the course of its history. In this second part, we trace the catalog’s evolution from internal management tool to public access tool between 1960 and 2018 and examine how it participated in the actions of systematizing, communicating, and reconciling knowledge within the museum during that time period.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"226 - 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49551958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor’s Note: It’s All about Information and Culture","authors":"A. Dillon","doi":"10.7560/ic55301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"201 - 203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48306503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Jump for Joy: Jazz, Basketball & Black Culture in 1930s America, Gena Caponi-Tabery argues that African Americans used music, dance, and sports as effective forms of resistance to the challenges found in American society during the first half of the twentieth century. Specifically, it was the development of swing music in the Midwest with band leaders like Count Basie that coincided with the creation of dances such as the Lindy Hop that would be responsible for transforming and elevating African Americans and their sense of individuality and freedom, especially those newly migrated from the South. According to Caponi-Tabery, both forms of artistic expression required participants to reach for the highest of heights in their respective performances. The emphasis on “jumping” was connected to the fast-paced rhythm and beat the swing bands performed, and the “good time” being had by those in attendance (p. 72). Jump for Joy suggests that the development of black expressive culture in the 1930s was a direct result of the migration of blacks into the more prosperous North where they collectively were able to elevate themselves and their sense of freedom. Even still, the success of athletes such as Joe Louis and Jesse Owens represented examples of “stamina, skill and courage” that working-class African-American men and women could gravitate towards for inspiration within the challenging racially-charged America of
{"title":"Book Reviews","authors":"G. Gems, A. Hofmann","doi":"10.7560/ic55205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55205","url":null,"abstract":"In Jump for Joy: Jazz, Basketball & Black Culture in 1930s America, Gena Caponi-Tabery argues that African Americans used music, dance, and sports as effective forms of resistance to the challenges found in American society during the first half of the twentieth century. Specifically, it was the development of swing music in the Midwest with band leaders like Count Basie that coincided with the creation of dances such as the Lindy Hop that would be responsible for transforming and elevating African Americans and their sense of individuality and freedom, especially those newly migrated from the South. According to Caponi-Tabery, both forms of artistic expression required participants to reach for the highest of heights in their respective performances. The emphasis on “jumping” was connected to the fast-paced rhythm and beat the swing bands performed, and the “good time” being had by those in attendance (p. 72). Jump for Joy suggests that the development of black expressive culture in the 1930s was a direct result of the migration of blacks into the more prosperous North where they collectively were able to elevate themselves and their sense of freedom. Even still, the success of athletes such as Joe Louis and Jesse Owens represented examples of “stamina, skill and courage” that working-class African-American men and women could gravitate towards for inspiration within the challenging racially-charged America of","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:In the 1980s, the user emerged as a distinct class of personal computer owner motivated by instrumental goals rather than the exploratory pleasures of hackers and hobbyists. To understand the changing values and concerns of microcomputer owners, we analyzed 1,285 reader letters published in Softalk magazine between 1980 and 1984. During this period, a preoccupation with programming was displaced by discussions of software applications, products, and services. This transition illustrates the separation of users from hobbyists, reflecting changes in the software industry and attitudes toward amateurism, professionalization, gender, and expertise.
{"title":"From Programming to Products: Softalk Magazine and the Rise of the Personal Computer User","authors":"Laine Nooney, Kevin Driscoll, K. Allen","doi":"10.7560/ic55201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55201","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In the 1980s, the user emerged as a distinct class of personal computer owner motivated by instrumental goals rather than the exploratory pleasures of hackers and hobbyists. To understand the changing values and concerns of microcomputer owners, we analyzed 1,285 reader letters published in Softalk magazine between 1980 and 1984. During this period, a preoccupation with programming was displaced by discussions of software applications, products, and services. This transition illustrates the separation of users from hobbyists, reflecting changes in the software industry and attitudes toward amateurism, professionalization, gender, and expertise.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"105 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47860844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:As the first nation in the world to introduce a freedom of information policy, Sweden has attracted relatively little attention in the historiography of information. This article analyzes conflicting ideas of governmental information in public discussions in Sweden between 1969 and 1973. The purpose is to highlight alternative ideas that challenged the government's notion of governmental information. Findings show that the main conflict concerned the interpretation of the desired level of citizen participation and the degree of equality between bureaucracy and citizen, which also caused differing opinions of goals and methods related to governmental information.
{"title":"Deliberation or Manipulation? The Issue of Governmental Information in Sweden, 1969–1973","authors":"F. Norén","doi":"10.7560/ic55203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55203","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:As the first nation in the world to introduce a freedom of information policy, Sweden has attracted relatively little attention in the historiography of information. This article analyzes conflicting ideas of governmental information in public discussions in Sweden between 1969 and 1973. The purpose is to highlight alternative ideas that challenged the government's notion of governmental information. Findings show that the main conflict concerned the interpretation of the desired level of citizen participation and the degree of equality between bureaucracy and citizen, which also caused differing opinions of goals and methods related to governmental information.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"149 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41646105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:While socialist movements at the turn of the twentieth century emerged in distinctive contexts and faced unique challenges, they were bound together by the importance each attached to literacy and reading as the best means to awaken socialists' class consciousness and win new adherents. Through an examination of both flagship socialist newspapers and the memoir literature, this article traces the global emergence of socialist movements during the period 1880–1914, analyzing the role of both books and reading in the making of socialism, as well as government responses to the threat posed by socialist thought, from censorship and imprisonment to exile.
{"title":"Becoming Socialist: Print Culture and the Global Revolutionary Moment, 1880–1914","authors":"Brenda Fay","doi":"10.7560/ic55202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55202","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:While socialist movements at the turn of the twentieth century emerged in distinctive contexts and faced unique challenges, they were bound together by the importance each attached to literacy and reading as the best means to awaken socialists' class consciousness and win new adherents. Through an examination of both flagship socialist newspapers and the memoir literature, this article traces the global emergence of socialist movements during the period 1880–1914, analyzing the role of both books and reading in the making of socialism, as well as government responses to the threat posed by socialist thought, from censorship and imprisonment to exile.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"130 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48819260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:This article reports on the first part of a two-part study that traces the evolution of the Canadian Museum of History's catalog of its ethnological collections from 1879 to the present day. Drawing on the insights of rhetorical genre studies, we examine how the catalog has been implicated in the formation and shaping of anthropological knowledge in the museum over the course of its history. In this first part, we focus on the ledgers that served as the catalog between 1879 and 1960 and examine how they participated in collecting, ordering, and transforming knowledge within the museum during that time period. In specific terms, we explore the sociohistorical context in which the ledger catalog emerged, the kinds of knowledge it communicated through its structure and content, and the particular understanding of Indigenous material culture as embodied knowledge it communicated and perpetuated over time.
{"title":"The Evolution of the Ethnographic Object Catalog of the Canadian Museum of History, Part 1: Collecting, Ordering, and Transforming Anthropological Knowledge in the Museum, ca. 1879–1960","authors":"Heather Macneil, Jessica M Lapp, Nadine Finlay","doi":"10.7560/ic55204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55204","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article reports on the first part of a two-part study that traces the evolution of the Canadian Museum of History's catalog of its ethnological collections from 1879 to the present day. Drawing on the insights of rhetorical genre studies, we examine how the catalog has been implicated in the formation and shaping of anthropological knowledge in the museum over the course of its history. In this first part, we focus on the ledgers that served as the catalog between 1879 and 1960 and examine how they participated in collecting, ordering, and transforming knowledge within the museum during that time period. In specific terms, we explore the sociohistorical context in which the ledger catalog emerged, the kinds of knowledge it communicated through its structure and content, and the particular understanding of Indigenous material culture as embodied knowledge it communicated and perpetuated over time.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"169 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46926215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:The British General Post Office (GPO) was one of the leading employers of women in Britain between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, first as telegraph operators and later in telephone exchanges. However, there were ongoing private discussions within the GPO as to the physical capabilities of women, as well as suitable working facilities and traditionally gendered spaces and occupations. These discussions shaped wireless telegraphy as a highly gendered and exclusively masculine profession until the exigencies of the First World War led to limited opportunities for women as domestic wireless operators for the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) from 1917 onward.
{"title":"\"Uncertain at Present for Women, but May Increase\": Opportunities for Women in Wireless Telegraphy during the First World War","authors":"E. Bruton","doi":"10.7560/ic55104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55104","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:The British General Post Office (GPO) was one of the leading employers of women in Britain between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, first as telegraph operators and later in telephone exchanges. However, there were ongoing private discussions within the GPO as to the physical capabilities of women, as well as suitable working facilities and traditionally gendered spaces and occupations. These discussions shaped wireless telegraphy as a highly gendered and exclusively masculine profession until the exigencies of the First World War led to limited opportunities for women as domestic wireless operators for the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) from 1917 onward.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"51 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42664989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:There is a gaping void in the historiography of the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC), later called the Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps QMAAC), brought about by the absence of an informed understanding of the crucial role played by the young women seconded from British post office exchanges to serve as telephonists and telegraphists in France in 1917. Specifically attached to Royal Engineers' signal units in British Expeditionary Force army bases and all three echelons of its General Headquarters, their arrival ensured the continued smooth operation of the army's vital lines of communication. This article examines how their key role as professional technologists within a tightly secured military sector made a significant contribution to the final successful outcome of the conflict. Questions can be raised why their skills were never later addressed within the historiography, and it may be concluded that adequate recognition is long overdue.
{"title":"The Key Role Played by WAAC British Post Office Female Staff in Army Signal Units on the Western Front, 1917–1920","authors":"B. Walsh","doi":"10.7560/ic55105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:There is a gaping void in the historiography of the Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC), later called the Queen Mary's Army Auxiliary Corps QMAAC), brought about by the absence of an informed understanding of the crucial role played by the young women seconded from British post office exchanges to serve as telephonists and telegraphists in France in 1917. Specifically attached to Royal Engineers' signal units in British Expeditionary Force army bases and all three echelons of its General Headquarters, their arrival ensured the continued smooth operation of the army's vital lines of communication. This article examines how their key role as professional technologists within a tightly secured military sector made a significant contribution to the final successful outcome of the conflict. Questions can be raised why their skills were never later addressed within the historiography, and it may be concluded that adequate recognition is long overdue.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"75 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41474761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT:Upon the nationalization of the British telegraph system in 1870, a set of processes at work inside London's Central Telegraph Office that was dictated by the bodily and spatial ordering of the era and combined with competing modes of Victorian class-inflected respectability produced gender-specified information labor. One of the effects of this process on telegraphy in London's Central Office in the first decade of nationalized telegraphy was the creation of high-status circuits catering to the state, international trade, sporting life, and imperial business and low-status circuits directed toward the local and the provincial. These distinct telegraphic orbits were connected to different types of telegraph instruments operated by differently gendered telegraphists. The human components of the telegraph system embodied the stratifications of the ascendant telecommunications era.
{"title":"Embodying Telegraphy in Late Victorian London","authors":"Katie Hindmarch-Watson","doi":"10.7560/ic55102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7560/ic55102","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:Upon the nationalization of the British telegraph system in 1870, a set of processes at work inside London's Central Telegraph Office that was dictated by the bodily and spatial ordering of the era and combined with competing modes of Victorian class-inflected respectability produced gender-specified information labor. One of the effects of this process on telegraphy in London's Central Office in the first decade of nationalized telegraphy was the creation of high-status circuits catering to the state, international trade, sporting life, and imperial business and low-status circuits directed toward the local and the provincial. These distinct telegraphic orbits were connected to different types of telegraph instruments operated by differently gendered telegraphists. The human components of the telegraph system embodied the stratifications of the ascendant telecommunications era.","PeriodicalId":42337,"journal":{"name":"Information & Culture","volume":"55 1","pages":"10 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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