Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286079
R. Duan, F. H. Wang, J. Zhang, R. Huang, X. Zhang
With the increasing demands of power supply, the electric power quality especially the voltage sag deserves more concerns. This paper presents an approach of K-means clustering analysis algorithm to classify and recognize the voltage sag from the measured historical data of large-scale grid in Shenzhen, China. The distances among different sag incidents in distribution diagram are calculated first. When some distances are nearer, a cluster center which is called centroid can be set to represent these incidents. Then the centroid amounts and locations are determined based on iterative updating method. The sag amplitude and duration time reflected by these centroids can be regarded as the voltage sag characteristics of similar substations, which will represent the operation condition and find out the weak link of whole power systems. Thus the algorithm converts the complicated and disordered sag incidents into some typical sag models, which provides the theoretical evidence for simplifying analysis and practical management of voltage sags.
{"title":"Data mining & pattern recognition of voltage sag based on K-means clustering algorithm","authors":"R. Duan, F. H. Wang, J. Zhang, R. Huang, X. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286079","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing demands of power supply, the electric power quality especially the voltage sag deserves more concerns. This paper presents an approach of K-means clustering analysis algorithm to classify and recognize the voltage sag from the measured historical data of large-scale grid in Shenzhen, China. The distances among different sag incidents in distribution diagram are calculated first. When some distances are nearer, a cluster center which is called centroid can be set to represent these incidents. Then the centroid amounts and locations are determined based on iterative updating method. The sag amplitude and duration time reflected by these centroids can be regarded as the voltage sag characteristics of similar substations, which will represent the operation condition and find out the weak link of whole power systems. Thus the algorithm converts the complicated and disordered sag incidents into some typical sag models, which provides the theoretical evidence for simplifying analysis and practical management of voltage sags.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128251723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285836
M. Papic, O. Ciniglio, M. Vaiman
This paper presents a comprehensive, practical approach to identify and analyze the effects of extreme contingencies that might lead to widespread power disruptions and cascading. Modern power systems are normally designed to withstand n-1 and credible n-2 outages. The ability of a system to survive extreme contingencies and major disturbances has not been comprehensively addressed by system planners in the past. Extreme outages are a result of either cyber or physical threats. Both types of events expose transmission planners and operation engineers to new challenges, including identifying how to minimize their impact on system vulnerability. The suggested approach is to further enhance the study approach currently used by Idaho Power in performing North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) compliance studies. Understanding the effects of extreme contingencies on vulnerabilities of Idaho Power's system is needed to determine when a disruption of service is likely to occur and how to take appropriate steps to reduce the associated risk. Identification of extreme contingencies using generation reallocation and load shedding for mitigation of their effects are illustrated using an IEEE RTS-96 test system and a model of the actual Idaho portion of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system.
{"title":"Practical experience in assessing the effects of extreme contingencies with respect to standards TPL-001-4 and CIP-014-1","authors":"M. Papic, O. Ciniglio, M. Vaiman","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285836","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comprehensive, practical approach to identify and analyze the effects of extreme contingencies that might lead to widespread power disruptions and cascading. Modern power systems are normally designed to withstand n-1 and credible n-2 outages. The ability of a system to survive extreme contingencies and major disturbances has not been comprehensively addressed by system planners in the past. Extreme outages are a result of either cyber or physical threats. Both types of events expose transmission planners and operation engineers to new challenges, including identifying how to minimize their impact on system vulnerability. The suggested approach is to further enhance the study approach currently used by Idaho Power in performing North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) compliance studies. Understanding the effects of extreme contingencies on vulnerabilities of Idaho Power's system is needed to determine when a disruption of service is likely to occur and how to take appropriate steps to reduce the associated risk. Identification of extreme contingencies using generation reallocation and load shedding for mitigation of their effects are illustrated using an IEEE RTS-96 test system and a model of the actual Idaho portion of the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125602109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286525
Lingyu Ren, Peng Zhang, Hua Ye
A regime shift occurs when a dynamical system's state shifts from a nominal equilibrium to an alternative equilibrium. This concept is often used to describe the collapse of ecological systems, but it also appears in many engineering systems; most notably in the voltage collapse of power systems. This paper uses an information theoretic index known as the Fisher Information (FI) as a real-time statistical index detecting regime shifts in a stressed IEEE 118 bus system. These preliminary experiments demonstrate that the FI index indeed provide early warning of abnormal operations leading to voltage instability. As a data driven method the proposed FI index provides a useful tool supporting the real-time monitoring of power system operations.
{"title":"Information theoretic index for regime shifts in power systems","authors":"Lingyu Ren, Peng Zhang, Hua Ye","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286525","url":null,"abstract":"A regime shift occurs when a dynamical system's state shifts from a nominal equilibrium to an alternative equilibrium. This concept is often used to describe the collapse of ecological systems, but it also appears in many engineering systems; most notably in the voltage collapse of power systems. This paper uses an information theoretic index known as the Fisher Information (FI) as a real-time statistical index detecting regime shifts in a stressed IEEE 118 bus system. These preliminary experiments demonstrate that the FI index indeed provide early warning of abnormal operations leading to voltage instability. As a data driven method the proposed FI index provides a useful tool supporting the real-time monitoring of power system operations.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115324485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285798
Ye Shi, Zai-jun Wu, Xiaobo Dou, M. Hu
In this paper, a configuration with a dual-port power converter bridging two sides of the transformer is proposed for power quality enhancement in distribution systems. The proposed configuration employs a nine-switch power converter instead of the traditional back-to-back power converter with 12 switches. The high voltage side port works as a double resonance injection hybrid active power filter to enhance the injection ability of harmonic currents, while the low voltage side port works as a traditional shunt active filter, thus the harmonic and reactive currents to the transformer can be reduced while the stability of DC-link voltage is enhanced. The simulation shows the validity of the proposed configuration.
{"title":"An integrated nine-switch power conditioner parallel with transformer for power quality enhancement","authors":"Ye Shi, Zai-jun Wu, Xiaobo Dou, M. Hu","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285798","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a configuration with a dual-port power converter bridging two sides of the transformer is proposed for power quality enhancement in distribution systems. The proposed configuration employs a nine-switch power converter instead of the traditional back-to-back power converter with 12 switches. The high voltage side port works as a double resonance injection hybrid active power filter to enhance the injection ability of harmonic currents, while the low voltage side port works as a traditional shunt active filter, thus the harmonic and reactive currents to the transformer can be reduced while the stability of DC-link voltage is enhanced. The simulation shows the validity of the proposed configuration.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130731010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285990
Rui Fan, Zhenyu Huang, Shaobu Wang, R. Diao, Da Meng
With the growing interest in the application of wind energy, doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) play an increasingly essential role in the power industry. It has been well recognized that modeling and monitoring the dynamic behavior of DFIGs are important to ensure power system reliability. Real-time estimation of the dynamic states of a DFIG is possible with high-speed measurements. But how to use such measurements to have high-quality estimation remains to be a challenge. Estimating dynamic states relies on a good dynamic model of the DFIG. Building a high-fidelity model is a problem in tandem with the dynamic state estimation problem. In this paper, we propose an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF)-based method for the state estimation and parameter calibration of a DFIG. The mathematical formulation of state estimation combining with parameter estimation is presented. Simulation cases were studied to demonstrate the accuracy of both dynamic state estimation and parameter estimation. Sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the measurement noise, initial state errors and parameter errors. The results indicate this EnKF-based method has a robust performance on the state estimation and parameter calibration of a DFIG.
{"title":"Dynamic state estimation and parameter calibration of a DFIG using the ensemble Kalman filter","authors":"Rui Fan, Zhenyu Huang, Shaobu Wang, R. Diao, Da Meng","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285990","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing interest in the application of wind energy, doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) play an increasingly essential role in the power industry. It has been well recognized that modeling and monitoring the dynamic behavior of DFIGs are important to ensure power system reliability. Real-time estimation of the dynamic states of a DFIG is possible with high-speed measurements. But how to use such measurements to have high-quality estimation remains to be a challenge. Estimating dynamic states relies on a good dynamic model of the DFIG. Building a high-fidelity model is a problem in tandem with the dynamic state estimation problem. In this paper, we propose an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF)-based method for the state estimation and parameter calibration of a DFIG. The mathematical formulation of state estimation combining with parameter estimation is presented. Simulation cases were studied to demonstrate the accuracy of both dynamic state estimation and parameter estimation. Sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the measurement noise, initial state errors and parameter errors. The results indicate this EnKF-based method has a robust performance on the state estimation and parameter calibration of a DFIG.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125511688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285821
Show-Kang Chang, C. Teoh, Ye Tao, Peng Peng, Han Li, J. Dyer, S. Barnett
Security constrained scheduling has been widely implemented in various power system operations and electricity markets. The practice of securing post-contingency flows preventively to long-term ratings has resulted in transmission network under-utilization. This paper presents a security constrained scheduling process that has been implemented in the National Grid Electricity Balancing System. The process is designed to exploit short-term ratings when determining pre-contingency and post-contingency actions thereby maximizing transmission efficiency. A functional overview is provided. The security criteria adopted, the actions used to secure contingencies, and the logic used to determine corrective time are described. Computational efficiency and results of the implementation are presented.
{"title":"Maximizing transmission efficiency using the National Grid Electricity Balancing System","authors":"Show-Kang Chang, C. Teoh, Ye Tao, Peng Peng, Han Li, J. Dyer, S. Barnett","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285821","url":null,"abstract":"Security constrained scheduling has been widely implemented in various power system operations and electricity markets. The practice of securing post-contingency flows preventively to long-term ratings has resulted in transmission network under-utilization. This paper presents a security constrained scheduling process that has been implemented in the National Grid Electricity Balancing System. The process is designed to exploit short-term ratings when determining pre-contingency and post-contingency actions thereby maximizing transmission efficiency. A functional overview is provided. The security criteria adopted, the actions used to secure contingencies, and the logic used to determine corrective time are described. Computational efficiency and results of the implementation are presented.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123320447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285829
Bowen Zhou, Tim Brian Littler, A. Foley
There are many uncertainties associated with forecasting electric vehicle charging and discharging capacity due to the stochastic nature of human behavior surrounding usage and intermittent travel patterns. This uncertainty if unmanaged has the potential to radically change traditional load profiles. Therefore optimal capacity forecasting methods are important for large-scale electric vehicle integration in future power systems. This paper develops a capacity forecasting model considering eight particular uncertainties under three categories to overcome this issue. The model is then applied to a UK summer scenario in 2020. The results of this analysis demonstrate that the proposed model is accurate for charge and discharge prediction and a feasible basis for steady-state analysis required for large-scale electric vehicle integration.
{"title":"Electric vehicle capacity forecasting model with application to load levelling","authors":"Bowen Zhou, Tim Brian Littler, A. Foley","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285829","url":null,"abstract":"There are many uncertainties associated with forecasting electric vehicle charging and discharging capacity due to the stochastic nature of human behavior surrounding usage and intermittent travel patterns. This uncertainty if unmanaged has the potential to radically change traditional load profiles. Therefore optimal capacity forecasting methods are important for large-scale electric vehicle integration in future power systems. This paper develops a capacity forecasting model considering eight particular uncertainties under three categories to overcome this issue. The model is then applied to a UK summer scenario in 2020. The results of this analysis demonstrate that the proposed model is accurate for charge and discharge prediction and a feasible basis for steady-state analysis required for large-scale electric vehicle integration.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129253667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285740
Shenghu Li
The existing steady-state models for the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) are based on the constant voltage, or quantify electromagnetic transient. This paper proves that the equivalent voltage behind stator circuit is proportional to the rotor speed, and dependent on wind speeds, thus invalid. The steady-state constraints are proved to be indeterminate equations, whose unique solution requires additional constraint, i.e. stator current or stator voltage orientation which are not consistent with var constraint, yielding different stator voltages/currents, losses and efficiencies. Compared with current orientation, voltage orientation needs less var support, but with lower efficiency. With power dispatch by adjusting rotor speed or pitch angle, multiple solutions are quantified, and modified flat starts are proposed to improve convergence.
{"title":"Multiple solutions of PMSG with different orientations and reference powers","authors":"Shenghu Li","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285740","url":null,"abstract":"The existing steady-state models for the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) are based on the constant voltage, or quantify electromagnetic transient. This paper proves that the equivalent voltage behind stator circuit is proportional to the rotor speed, and dependent on wind speeds, thus invalid. The steady-state constraints are proved to be indeterminate equations, whose unique solution requires additional constraint, i.e. stator current or stator voltage orientation which are not consistent with var constraint, yielding different stator voltages/currents, losses and efficiencies. Compared with current orientation, voltage orientation needs less var support, but with lower efficiency. With power dispatch by adjusting rotor speed or pitch angle, multiple solutions are quantified, and modified flat starts are proposed to improve convergence.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125939440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-05DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286017
M. F. Moghadam, W. Dunford, E. Vaahedi, M. Metcalfe
During decades of interconnected operation of power systems, frequency control standards have evolved to fairly share the benefits of interconnection and tie-line bias control among Balancing Authorities (BAs). The new draft standards of North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) define a frequency-dependent Balancing Authority ACE Limit (BAAL) within which BAs must control their Area Control Error (ACE). In this paper, the effects of the new draft standards in real-time Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of a hydroelectric dominated utility are modelled and assessed. Generation scheduling and real-time AGC logic based on taking maximum advantage of new wide bounds of ACE are modelled. It is shown, through dynamic simulations, that generation control under Balance Resource and Demand (BRD) standards is more efficient in term of less generation loss and unit maneuvering.
{"title":"Evaluation of NERC's BRD frequency control standard in hydroelectric generation","authors":"M. F. Moghadam, W. Dunford, E. Vaahedi, M. Metcalfe","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286017","url":null,"abstract":"During decades of interconnected operation of power systems, frequency control standards have evolved to fairly share the benefits of interconnection and tie-line bias control among Balancing Authorities (BAs). The new draft standards of North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) define a frequency-dependent Balancing Authority ACE Limit (BAAL) within which BAs must control their Area Control Error (ACE). In this paper, the effects of the new draft standards in real-time Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of a hydroelectric dominated utility are modelled and assessed. Generation scheduling and real-time AGC logic based on taking maximum advantage of new wide bounds of ACE are modelled. It is shown, through dynamic simulations, that generation control under Balance Resource and Demand (BRD) standards is more efficient in term of less generation loss and unit maneuvering.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116118200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-30DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285965
J. Dowell, Stephan Weiss, D. Infield
Two nonlinear methods for producing short-term spatio-temporal wind speed forecast are presented. From the relatively new class of kernel methods, a kernel least mean squares algorithm and kernel recursive least squares algorithm are introduced and used to produce 1 to 6 hour-ahead predictions of wind speed at six locations in the Netherlands. The performance of the proposed methods are compared to their linear equivalents, as well as the autoregressive, vector autoregressive and persistence time series models. The kernel recursive least squares algorithm is shown to offer significant improvement over all benchmarks, particularly for longer forecast horizons. Both proposed algorithms exhibit desirable numerical properties and are ripe for further development.
{"title":"Kernel methods for short-term spatio-temporal wind prediction","authors":"J. Dowell, Stephan Weiss, D. Infield","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285965","url":null,"abstract":"Two nonlinear methods for producing short-term spatio-temporal wind speed forecast are presented. From the relatively new class of kernel methods, a kernel least mean squares algorithm and kernel recursive least squares algorithm are introduced and used to produce 1 to 6 hour-ahead predictions of wind speed at six locations in the Netherlands. The performance of the proposed methods are compared to their linear equivalents, as well as the autoregressive, vector autoregressive and persistence time series models. The kernel recursive least squares algorithm is shown to offer significant improvement over all benchmarks, particularly for longer forecast horizons. Both proposed algorithms exhibit desirable numerical properties and are ripe for further development.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114763517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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