Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285934
Cheng Luo, Lin Jiang, J. Wen, Xianjun Zhang, Qin Wang
In an interconnected system (e.g., the Eastern Interconnection), there are multiple regional transmission organizations (RTOs) or independent system operators (ISOs) such as Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (MISO), New York Independent System Operator, Inc. (NYISO), PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. (PJM), and Southwest Power Pool, Inc. (SPP). The congestion management is a complex issue because the transmission congestion can be affected by more than one entity's market operations. The interregional congestion management among RTOs is needed to coordinately manage the transmission constraints for electricity market entities. In this paper, the real-time market-to-market (M2M) coordination is described in detail to ensure that congestion is managed by using least-cost generation redispatch. The market flow is used to quantity the impact of market operation on any constraint and plays a critical role in the M2M process. The M2M mechanism not only provides the most economical solution for controlling constraint, but also helps improve the power system reliability by utilizing the generation resources including renewal energy in both markets. It has been successfully adopted by RTOs such as MISO-PJM, PJM-NYISO, and MISO-SPP. A demonstration example is described to illustrate the real-time M2M coordination process and its effectiveness in managing the transmission congestion.
{"title":"Real-time market-to-market coordination in interregional congestion management","authors":"Cheng Luo, Lin Jiang, J. Wen, Xianjun Zhang, Qin Wang","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285934","url":null,"abstract":"In an interconnected system (e.g., the Eastern Interconnection), there are multiple regional transmission organizations (RTOs) or independent system operators (ISOs) such as Midcontinent Independent System Operator, Inc. (MISO), New York Independent System Operator, Inc. (NYISO), PJM Interconnection, L.L.C. (PJM), and Southwest Power Pool, Inc. (SPP). The congestion management is a complex issue because the transmission congestion can be affected by more than one entity's market operations. The interregional congestion management among RTOs is needed to coordinately manage the transmission constraints for electricity market entities. In this paper, the real-time market-to-market (M2M) coordination is described in detail to ensure that congestion is managed by using least-cost generation redispatch. The market flow is used to quantity the impact of market operation on any constraint and plays a critical role in the M2M process. The M2M mechanism not only provides the most economical solution for controlling constraint, but also helps improve the power system reliability by utilizing the generation resources including renewal energy in both markets. It has been successfully adopted by RTOs such as MISO-PJM, PJM-NYISO, and MISO-SPP. A demonstration example is described to illustrate the real-time M2M coordination process and its effectiveness in managing the transmission congestion.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130388358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286584
Hongyu Wu, A. Pratt, S. Chakraborty
This paper proposes a stochastic, multi-objective optimization model within a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework, to determine the optimal operational schedules of residential appliances operating in the presence of renewable energy source (RES). The objective function minimizes the weighted sum of discomfort, energy cost, total and peak electricity consumption, and carbon footprint. A heuristic method is developed for combining different objective components. The proposed stochastic model utilizes Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for representing uncertainties in electricity price, outdoor temperature, RES generation, water usage, and non-controllable loads. The proposed model is solved using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) solver and numerical results show the validity of the model. Case studies show the benefit of using the proposed optimization model.
{"title":"Stochastic optimal scheduling of residential appliances with renewable energy sources","authors":"Hongyu Wu, A. Pratt, S. Chakraborty","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286584","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a stochastic, multi-objective optimization model within a Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework, to determine the optimal operational schedules of residential appliances operating in the presence of renewable energy source (RES). The objective function minimizes the weighted sum of discomfort, energy cost, total and peak electricity consumption, and carbon footprint. A heuristic method is developed for combining different objective components. The proposed stochastic model utilizes Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for representing uncertainties in electricity price, outdoor temperature, RES generation, water usage, and non-controllable loads. The proposed model is solved using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) solver and numerical results show the validity of the model. Case studies show the benefit of using the proposed optimization model.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130402002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285989
Jacques Delport, J. De La Ree
The internal voltage angle of generators is an important parameter that indicates the stability, both transient and steady-state, of a generator. This paper proposes a method of measuring and then synchronizing the internal angle with the use of an optical encoder on the shaft using a microprocessor. With a synchronized angle measurement, accurate stability studies and wide-area controls could be implemented. The experimental setup up of measuring the rotor angle of a generator, and as such the internal angle, is explained in this paper.
{"title":"Synchronized rotor angle measurement using microprocessors","authors":"Jacques Delport, J. De La Ree","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285989","url":null,"abstract":"The internal voltage angle of generators is an important parameter that indicates the stability, both transient and steady-state, of a generator. This paper proposes a method of measuring and then synchronizing the internal angle with the use of an optical encoder on the shaft using a microprocessor. With a synchronized angle measurement, accurate stability studies and wide-area controls could be implemented. The experimental setup up of measuring the rotor angle of a generator, and as such the internal angle, is explained in this paper.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126666363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286429
Juan Chen, B. Duan, Yan Liu
The configuration mechanism of IEC 61850 communication services brings convenience to information exchange and may also present the problem if configuration information of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) which belongs to different substations is separately updated. As a possible solution to this problem, the surveillance and synchronization system is presented based on control block services tracking in this paper. A parameter synchronization technology is implemented to generate the tracking report message and to update the configuration information. The proposed approach is tested using OPNET simulation, and the results show that addition of configuration information tracking messages has no effect on normal communication in substation.
{"title":"Synchronization of communication service configuration parameter in power utility automation based on IEC 61850 service tacking","authors":"Juan Chen, B. Duan, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286429","url":null,"abstract":"The configuration mechanism of IEC 61850 communication services brings convenience to information exchange and may also present the problem if configuration information of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) which belongs to different substations is separately updated. As a possible solution to this problem, the surveillance and synchronization system is presented based on control block services tracking in this paper. A parameter synchronization technology is implemented to generate the tracking report message and to update the configuration information. The proposed approach is tested using OPNET simulation, and the results show that addition of configuration information tracking messages has no effect on normal communication in substation.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130619759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286054
D. Kiran, A. Abhyankar, B. K. Panigrahi, N. Senroy
Power network segmentation has many applications in the operation of power systems. The context of segmentation changes with the application. With the introduction of competition and associated modes of transaction, network segmentation with reference to congestion became a necessity. This paper proposes a methodology to solve network segmentation problem in wholesale competition environment so that appropriate bid areas are formed. A two-step process is proposed. The first step involves optimization based clustering of nodes with LMP closeness as a decision metric. The second step involves fine tuning of results of the first step by bus migration process. The results have been obtained on data of IEEE 30 bus system as well as Western Regional Grid of India.
{"title":"Multi-step network segmentation using optimization and sequential participant migration","authors":"D. Kiran, A. Abhyankar, B. K. Panigrahi, N. Senroy","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286054","url":null,"abstract":"Power network segmentation has many applications in the operation of power systems. The context of segmentation changes with the application. With the introduction of competition and associated modes of transaction, network segmentation with reference to congestion became a necessity. This paper proposes a methodology to solve network segmentation problem in wholesale competition environment so that appropriate bid areas are formed. A two-step process is proposed. The first step involves optimization based clustering of nodes with LMP closeness as a decision metric. The second step involves fine tuning of results of the first step by bus migration process. The results have been obtained on data of IEEE 30 bus system as well as Western Regional Grid of India.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130668976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285819
G. M. Abusdal, G. Heydt, Atle Ripegutu
Early and reliable detection of a back-fed ground fault is of critical importance in the operation of a power distribution system. The operating distribution companies have been searching for a fully acceptable solution for decades. A current carrying conductor on the Earth ground that is not tripped by conventional protection systems presents a safety hazard for the general public. In this paper a method of using advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is evaluated. Utilizing the distribution transformer secondary voltages, the simulation software OpenDSS is used to find a signature the distribution system behavior during a fault. A variation of three-phase distribution transformer connections and grounding methods are modeled to determine a set of rules for an algorithm. Integrating AMI with a distribution management system (DMS), a proposed detection system is presented.
{"title":"Utilization of advanced metering infrastructure in back-fed ground fault detection","authors":"G. M. Abusdal, G. Heydt, Atle Ripegutu","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285819","url":null,"abstract":"Early and reliable detection of a back-fed ground fault is of critical importance in the operation of a power distribution system. The operating distribution companies have been searching for a fully acceptable solution for decades. A current carrying conductor on the Earth ground that is not tripped by conventional protection systems presents a safety hazard for the general public. In this paper a method of using advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is evaluated. Utilizing the distribution transformer secondary voltages, the simulation software OpenDSS is used to find a signature the distribution system behavior during a fault. A variation of three-phase distribution transformer connections and grounding methods are modeled to determine a set of rules for an algorithm. Integrating AMI with a distribution management system (DMS), a proposed detection system is presented.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123192187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286363
Jun An, Garng M. Huang, Gang Mu, T. Zheng, Yibo Zhou
High Side Voltage Control (HSVC) is a well-known method used in modern power systems. Proper HSVC droop setting can improve the voltage profiles and balance the reactive power distribution among generators. In this paper, an optimal HSVC droop planning strategy is proposed to improve voltage profile. We use monthly historical instrumentation data from SCADA to plan for the coming year monthly HSVC optimal setting. The objective function for the optimal droop planning/setting is formulated, and we find the optimal setting values by brute force search. A bulk power system in China is used to demonstrate our approach, and the results validate the proposed HSVC droop planning/setting strategy.
{"title":"Optimal HSVC droop planning for the voltage profile improvements in bulk power systems","authors":"Jun An, Garng M. Huang, Gang Mu, T. Zheng, Yibo Zhou","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286363","url":null,"abstract":"High Side Voltage Control (HSVC) is a well-known method used in modern power systems. Proper HSVC droop setting can improve the voltage profiles and balance the reactive power distribution among generators. In this paper, an optimal HSVC droop planning strategy is proposed to improve voltage profile. We use monthly historical instrumentation data from SCADA to plan for the coming year monthly HSVC optimal setting. The objective function for the optimal droop planning/setting is formulated, and we find the optimal setting values by brute force search. A bulk power system in China is used to demonstrate our approach, and the results validate the proposed HSVC droop planning/setting strategy.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123210467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285950
C. Park, V. Knazkins, F. R. Segundo Sevilla, P. Korba, J. Poland
This paper presents an algorithm for determining an optimum size of Energy Storage System (ESS) via the principles of exhaustive search for the purpose of local-level load shifting including peak shaving (PS) and load leveling (LL) operations in the electric power system. An exhaustive search method is employed to perform the ESS capacity (QESS) and power (PESS) optimization. The sizing process involves two distinct steps. In the first step the search for a feasible ESS parameter space in which the requirements of PS and LL are fulfilled and in the second step the search for an optimum point in the feasible space with respect to the cost benefit. Finally, the search is expanded to find a set of storage capacity, QESS and peak power limits, Plimit's for each month, in order to perform the load shifting throughout a one year. To validate the ESS size optimization, an appropriate model is created for time-domain simulations. The model consists of variable load, a simple state-space ESS model and a rule-based controller which operates the ESS using a set of rules. A number of time-domain simulations were performed to validate the correctness of the ESS size optimization. It appears that the proposed optimization algorithm produces results that meet the requirements in the peak shaving and load leveling operations.
{"title":"On the estimation of an optimum size of Energy Storage System for local load shifting","authors":"C. Park, V. Knazkins, F. R. Segundo Sevilla, P. Korba, J. Poland","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7285950","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an algorithm for determining an optimum size of Energy Storage System (ESS) via the principles of exhaustive search for the purpose of local-level load shifting including peak shaving (PS) and load leveling (LL) operations in the electric power system. An exhaustive search method is employed to perform the ESS capacity (QESS) and power (PESS) optimization. The sizing process involves two distinct steps. In the first step the search for a feasible ESS parameter space in which the requirements of PS and LL are fulfilled and in the second step the search for an optimum point in the feasible space with respect to the cost benefit. Finally, the search is expanded to find a set of storage capacity, QESS and peak power limits, Plimit's for each month, in order to perform the load shifting throughout a one year. To validate the ESS size optimization, an appropriate model is created for time-domain simulations. The model consists of variable load, a simple state-space ESS model and a rule-based controller which operates the ESS using a set of rules. A number of time-domain simulations were performed to validate the correctness of the ESS size optimization. It appears that the proposed optimization algorithm produces results that meet the requirements in the peak shaving and load leveling operations.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"14 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114081139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286524
N. Paterakis, S. Santos, J. Catalão, A. Mazza, G. Chicco, O. Erdinç, A. Bakirtzis
This paper deals with the radial distribution system reconfiguration problem in a multi-objective scope, aiming to determine the optimal configuration by means of minimization of active power losses and several reliability indices. A novel way to calculate these indices under a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach is provided. Afterwards, an efficient implementation of the e-constraint method using lexicographic optimization is employed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem, which is formulated as a MILP problem. After the Pareto Efficient solution set is generated, a multi-attribute decision making procedure is used, namely the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, so that a decision maker (DM) can express preferences over the solutions and facilitate the final selection.
本文在多目标范围内研究了径向配电系统重构问题，以有功损耗最小和若干可靠性指标为指标，确定了最优配置。在混合整数线性规划(MILP)方法下，给出了一种计算这些指标的新方法。然后，采用基于词典优化的电子约束方法求解多目标优化问题，并将其表述为MILP问题。在生成帕累托有效解集后，采用多属性决策程序，即TOPSIS法(similarity to ideal solution)排序偏好技术，使决策者能够表达对解的偏好，便于最终选择。
{"title":"Multi-objective distribution system reconfiguration for reliability enhancement and loss reduction","authors":"N. Paterakis, S. Santos, J. Catalão, A. Mazza, G. Chicco, O. Erdinç, A. Bakirtzis","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286524","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the radial distribution system reconfiguration problem in a multi-objective scope, aiming to determine the optimal configuration by means of minimization of active power losses and several reliability indices. A novel way to calculate these indices under a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach is provided. Afterwards, an efficient implementation of the e-constraint method using lexicographic optimization is employed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem, which is formulated as a MILP problem. After the Pareto Efficient solution set is generated, a multi-attribute decision making procedure is used, namely the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method, so that a decision maker (DM) can express preferences over the solutions and facilitate the final selection.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114565887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-26DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286607
Alireza Eshraghi, R. Ghorbani
Islanding condition happens when a DG units continues to energize a part of the grid while that part has been isolated from the main electrical utility. In this situation if the DGs power exceed the load then Transient Over Voltages (TOVs) occurs. Because of the adverse effects of the islanding and TOVs, power system sections must detect, mitigate the over voltage, and disconnect the DG systems from the grid if it is necessary. This paper proposes a communication method based on wireless sensor networks for islanding detection. Also a defined number of loads are added to the power system section in order to mitigate the over voltage in the islanding condition. The effectiveness of the method is discussed and conclusion is offered.
{"title":"Islanding detection and transient over voltage mitigation using wireless sensor networks","authors":"Alireza Eshraghi, R. Ghorbani","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2015.7286607","url":null,"abstract":"Islanding condition happens when a DG units continues to energize a part of the grid while that part has been isolated from the main electrical utility. In this situation if the DGs power exceed the load then Transient Over Voltages (TOVs) occurs. Because of the adverse effects of the islanding and TOVs, power system sections must detect, mitigate the over voltage, and disconnect the DG systems from the grid if it is necessary. This paper proposes a communication method based on wireless sensor networks for islanding detection. Also a defined number of loads are added to the power system section in order to mitigate the over voltage in the islanding condition. The effectiveness of the method is discussed and conclusion is offered.","PeriodicalId":423639,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"38 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114022818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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