Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1774286
G. Ribak
ABSTRACT The neglected-but-popular Yiddish humorist Tashrak (penname of Yisroel-Yoysef Zevin) offers not just an opportunity to discover understudied aspects of the Jewish urban experience and modern Yiddish culture, but also allows us to tap into a less refined level of beliefs, behavior, judgments and attitudes of Yiddish-speaking Jews in America. Tashrak wittily conveyed to his readers a comforting image of the New World: New York City was just an enlarged shtetl, whose Jewish residents clashed over a host of issues, while encountering a number of stereotypical non-Jews. In his representation of internal Jewish divisions and disputes, relations with non-Jews, and the trials of modernity and assimilation, Tashrak followed, to some extent, the literary paths of earlier Yiddish and Hebrew writers. Yet critics often frowned upon his politics as either conservative or apolitical, and considered his literary style as lowbrow, thus they disregarded his work altogether, or referred to it as worthless.
{"title":"Reportage from Blotetown: Yisroel-Yoysef Zevin (Tashrak) and the Shtetlization of New York City","authors":"G. Ribak","doi":"10.1080/13501674.2020.1774286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1774286","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The neglected-but-popular Yiddish humorist Tashrak (penname of Yisroel-Yoysef Zevin) offers not just an opportunity to discover understudied aspects of the Jewish urban experience and modern Yiddish culture, but also allows us to tap into a less refined level of beliefs, behavior, judgments and attitudes of Yiddish-speaking Jews in America. Tashrak wittily conveyed to his readers a comforting image of the New World: New York City was just an enlarged shtetl, whose Jewish residents clashed over a host of issues, while encountering a number of stereotypical non-Jews. In his representation of internal Jewish divisions and disputes, relations with non-Jews, and the trials of modernity and assimilation, Tashrak followed, to some extent, the literary paths of earlier Yiddish and Hebrew writers. Yet critics often frowned upon his politics as either conservative or apolitical, and considered his literary style as lowbrow, thus they disregarded his work altogether, or referred to it as worthless.","PeriodicalId":42363,"journal":{"name":"East European Jewish Affairs","volume":"50 1","pages":"57 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13501674.2020.1774286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49439984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1774734
Madeleine Cohen
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Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1796127
A. Stępień
The 1991 publication of Maus, Art Spiegelman’s innovative and moving Holocaust story, revived the “ninth art,” as Claude Beylie described the comic book. Maus elevated graphic narratives from a low...
{"title":"Comic books, graphic novels and the Holocaust. Beyond Maus","authors":"A. Stępień","doi":"10.1080/13501674.2020.1796127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1796127","url":null,"abstract":"The 1991 publication of Maus, Art Spiegelman’s innovative and moving Holocaust story, revived the “ninth art,” as Claude Beylie described the comic book. Maus elevated graphic narratives from a low...","PeriodicalId":42363,"journal":{"name":"East European Jewish Affairs","volume":"50 1","pages":"261 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13501674.2020.1796127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49084123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1774284
Thomas R. Prendergast
ABSTRACT Scholars have long posited a connection between the emergence of Jewish historical consciousness and the “new Jewish politics” of the period 1881–1917. They have largely neglected, however, the many popular Yiddish-language histories that appeared during this time. These popular histories – nearly all of them printed in Warsaw and dedicated to the topic of “world history” – were sold in the first decade of the twentieth century by newly established Yiddish publishing houses and were heavily advertised in the burgeoning Yiddish daily press. I argue that the narratives of cultural work presented in this genre of history provided a conceptual infrastructure for the eventual articulation of a Jewish mass politics in the post-1905 era. Moving beyond the textual analysis of canonical (Russian and Hebrew-language) historical literature reveals the discourses and practices that enabled Yiddish-speakers in the rapidly urbanizing Pale to imagine the Jewish nation as a coherent historical agent.
{"title":"Yiddish-Language World History and the Emergence of a Jewish Nationalist Politics in Late Imperial Russia","authors":"Thomas R. Prendergast","doi":"10.1080/13501674.2020.1774284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1774284","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scholars have long posited a connection between the emergence of Jewish historical consciousness and the “new Jewish politics” of the period 1881–1917. They have largely neglected, however, the many popular Yiddish-language histories that appeared during this time. These popular histories – nearly all of them printed in Warsaw and dedicated to the topic of “world history” – were sold in the first decade of the twentieth century by newly established Yiddish publishing houses and were heavily advertised in the burgeoning Yiddish daily press. I argue that the narratives of cultural work presented in this genre of history provided a conceptual infrastructure for the eventual articulation of a Jewish mass politics in the post-1905 era. Moving beyond the textual analysis of canonical (Russian and Hebrew-language) historical literature reveals the discourses and practices that enabled Yiddish-speakers in the rapidly urbanizing Pale to imagine the Jewish nation as a coherent historical agent.","PeriodicalId":42363,"journal":{"name":"East European Jewish Affairs","volume":"50 1","pages":"78 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13501674.2020.1774284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48635140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1774283
Elaine Kellman
ABSTRACT A Yiddishist cultural organization, the Kultur-lige was founded in Kiev in 1918 on the principle of umparteyishkeyt (non-partisanship). After successfully working in several cultural fields, even in the midst of revolution and civil war in Ukraine, it was coopted by Soviet loyalists, so its leadership relocated to Warsaw. In a manifesto published there in Spring 1921, the organization announced its intention to operate both within Poland and transnationally, calling for unified efforts across political boundaries. It attempted to establish centers of activity in Berlin and Paris during the early 1920s. In both cities, opponents of the idea of non-partisan cultural work competed to take over the Kultur-lige. precluding its success. The article assesses the extent to which the Warsaw leadership succeeded in giving guidance to the founders of the Berlin and Paris centers, and the limitations imposed by political strife and class conflict on the work of the Kultur-lige.
{"title":"Goles Berlin, goles Pariz: The Kultur-lige’s Unsuccessful Effort to Cultivate a Transnational Yiddishist Organization (1921–1924)","authors":"Elaine Kellman","doi":"10.1080/13501674.2020.1774283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1774283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A Yiddishist cultural organization, the Kultur-lige was founded in Kiev in 1918 on the principle of umparteyishkeyt (non-partisanship). After successfully working in several cultural fields, even in the midst of revolution and civil war in Ukraine, it was coopted by Soviet loyalists, so its leadership relocated to Warsaw. In a manifesto published there in Spring 1921, the organization announced its intention to operate both within Poland and transnationally, calling for unified efforts across political boundaries. It attempted to establish centers of activity in Berlin and Paris during the early 1920s. In both cities, opponents of the idea of non-partisan cultural work competed to take over the Kultur-lige. precluding its success. The article assesses the extent to which the Warsaw leadership succeeded in giving guidance to the founders of the Berlin and Paris centers, and the limitations imposed by political strife and class conflict on the work of the Kultur-lige.","PeriodicalId":42363,"journal":{"name":"East European Jewish Affairs","volume":"50 1","pages":"114 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13501674.2020.1774283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45612634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1796453
Yitzhak Lewis
There is hardly a student of Hasidism out there, whether in social or intellectual history, in literary or women’s studies, who has not encountered the work of Ada Rapoport-Albert (1945–2020). For ...
{"title":"Ada Rapoport-Albert, Hasidim ve-Shabeta'im, anashim ve-nashim [Studies in Hasidism, Sabbatianism and Gender]","authors":"Yitzhak Lewis","doi":"10.1080/13501674.2020.1796453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1796453","url":null,"abstract":"There is hardly a student of Hasidism out there, whether in social or intellectual history, in literary or women’s studies, who has not encountered the work of Ada Rapoport-Albert (1945–2020). For ...","PeriodicalId":42363,"journal":{"name":"East European Jewish Affairs","volume":"50 1","pages":"250 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13501674.2020.1796453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48597255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-03DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2020.1774287
M. Krutikov
ABSTRACT The city of Kiev was an inexhaustible source of material for Sholem Aleichem’s prolific writings in various genres. The imaginary city of Yehupets functions in his writing as a transitional space between the traditional shtetl and the modern city. The insecurity of Jewish residence in the city created a sense of anxiety which is a defining feature of Sholem Aleichem’s characters and was partly shared by the author himself. Sholem Aleichem’s choice of shtetl Jews as our guides through the social and physical labyrinths of Jewish Yehupets had its limitations conditioned by their mentality. It worked well as the literary device of defamiliarization, which enabled the educated urban readers to see their familiar environment critically by highlighting the dehumanizing and corrupting effects of Yehupets as a microcosm of the Russian Empire.
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Pub Date : 2019-12-09DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2021.1952032
Shirli Gilbert
Author(s): Smith, Mark Lee | Advisor(s): Friedlander, Saul; Myers, David N. | Abstract: At the intersection of three areas of Jewish scholarship — Yiddish studies, Holocaust studies, and the history of Jewish historiography — one encounters a group of Holocaust historians whose works have yet to be explored in their original context. The study of the Holocaust has led to increasing interest in source materials written in Yiddish, and it has also led to a well-developed literature on the history of Holocaust historiography. Surprisingly neglected in that literature are the works of the survivor historians who chose to write Holocaust history in the Yiddish vernacular of their readers. This work introduces the general subject of Yiddish historical writing — and the concept of “Yiddish historians” — in the context of prewar Diaspora nationalism. It explores the continuities that led these historians to study the Jewish history of the Holocaust and also rendered Yiddish historiography an appropriate vehicle for their work. Chief among these were the focus on internal Jewish history and the anti-lachrymose approach to Jewish historical writing that had developed among Yiddish historians before the Holocaust and which led to their study of Jewish life, rather than death, under Nazi occupation. In particular, their writings contest the view that early Holocaust historiography focused primarily on the “perpetrators.”Prewar Yiddish historians established a transnational public discourse with an educated lay audience that was reenacted after World War II by their survivors and successors. The interactions of the postwar Yiddish historians with their audience formed a “lay–professional partnership” that contested the existence of a “Myth of Silence” in the Yiddish-speaking world.In response to accusations of cowardice and passivity that arose against the Jewish victims of Nazism, the Yiddish historians fashioned both a vigorous defense, in studying the many impediments to Jewish resistance, and also a daring offense, in formulating a new definition of “spiritual resistance” that would expand its scope to the widespread efforts of unarmed Jews to remain alive under Nazi occupation. Most recently, the gradual transfer of the Yiddish historians’ work from the community of Yiddish speakers to the larger world of Jewish and general scholarship has gained these historians a degree of integration into the mainstream of Holocaust study.
作者：Smith，Mark Lee |顾问：Friedlander，Saul；Myers，David N.|摘要：在犹太学术的三个领域——意第绪语研究、大屠杀研究和犹太史学史——的交叉点上，人们遇到了一群大屠杀历史学家，他们的作品尚未在其原始背景下进行探索。对大屠杀的研究使人们对用意第绪语书写的原始材料越来越感兴趣，也导致了关于大屠杀史学史的文献的发展。令人惊讶的是，文学中被忽视的是幸存者历史学家的作品，他们选择用读者的意第绪语书写大屠杀历史。这部作品介绍了意第绪语历史写作的一般主题——以及“意第绪历史学家”的概念——在战前散居民族主义的背景下。它探索了导致这些历史学家研究犹太人大屠杀历史的连续性，也使意第绪语史学成为他们工作的合适工具。其中最主要的是对犹太内部历史的关注，以及在大屠杀前意第绪语历史学家对犹太历史写作的反流泪方法，这导致了他们对纳粹占领下犹太人生活而非死亡的研究。特别是，他们的著作反驳了早期大屠杀史学主要关注“肇事者”的观点。战前意第绪语历史学家与受过教育的非专业观众建立了一种跨国公共话语，二战后，他们的幸存者和继任者重新演绎了这种话语。战后意第绪语历史学家与听众的互动形成了一种“外行-专业伙伴关系”，对意第绪语言世界中“沉默神话”的存在提出了质疑。作为对纳粹主义犹太受害者懦弱和被动的指责的回应，意第绪语历史学家在研究犹太人抵抗的许多障碍时，既进行了有力的辩护，也进行了大胆的进攻，在制定“精神抵抗”的新定义时，将其范围扩大到手无寸铁的犹太人在纳粹占领下为生存所做的广泛努力。最近，意第绪语历史学家的工作从讲意第绪文的社区逐渐转移到更大的犹太世界和一般学术界，使这些历史学家在一定程度上融入了大屠杀研究的主流。
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Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2019.1721815
P. Polián, Alexander Nikitjaev
Jewish Sonderkommando's handwritten notes – found among the earth and ashes – are key documents of Holocaust history. But their degree of preservation is poor. Digital technology comes to the rescu...
{"title":"Deciphering a Mystery: Digital Technology and the Revelation of Handwritten Texts by Marcel Nadjari and Other Members of the Jewish Sonderkommando in Auschwitz-Birkenau","authors":"P. Polián, Alexander Nikitjaev","doi":"10.1080/13501674.2019.1721815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2019.1721815","url":null,"abstract":"Jewish Sonderkommando's handwritten notes – found among the earth and ashes – are key documents of Holocaust history. But their degree of preservation is poor. Digital technology comes to the rescu...","PeriodicalId":42363,"journal":{"name":"East European Jewish Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13501674.2019.1721815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45923898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1080/13501674.2019.1721819
A. Walke
{"title":"Marsh zhizni. Kak spasali dolginovskikh evreev [March of life: how the Jews of Dolginovo were saved]","authors":"A. Walke","doi":"10.1080/13501674.2019.1721819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2019.1721819","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42363,"journal":{"name":"East European Jewish Affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13501674.2019.1721819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47698401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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