Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575744
Pascual, P. Krein
A clocked switched-capacitor circuit can exchange charge between adjacent batteries in a series string. This exchange drives all batteries to identical voltages, without regard to component values, battery technology, or state of charge. This equalization process can proceed while the batteries are in use or under charge, or separately. Transformer-based and transformerless implementations are given, and results of experimental tests are provided. The process is much faster and less stressful than the conventional approach, and is simpler than some active approaches.
{"title":"Switched capacitor system for automatic series battery equalization","authors":"Pascual, P. Krein","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575744","url":null,"abstract":"A clocked switched-capacitor circuit can exchange charge between adjacent batteries in a series string. This exchange drives all batteries to identical voltages, without regard to component values, battery technology, or state of charge. This equalization process can proceed while the batteries are in use or under charge, or separately. Transformer-based and transformerless implementations are given, and results of experimental tests are provided. The process is much faster and less stressful than the conventional approach, and is simpler than some active approaches.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"13 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132331531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575763
J. Barnard, J. Ferreira, J. V. van Wyk
Linear contactless power transmission systems are proposed as alternative power supplies to mobile loads used in harsh environments. Such systems comprise a core with a secondary winding sliding along an extended primary winding. In long applications the transformer primary winding is the most limiting component in the system whereas in short applications the transformer core size is usually the detrimental factor. Formulas to optimize and design sliding transformers for different applications are given. The implementation of these formulas are then illustrated by designs for three different applications. Experimental waveforms for a 5 m, 15 kVA sliding transformer are presented.
{"title":"Optimized linear contactless power transmission systems for different applications","authors":"J. Barnard, J. Ferreira, J. V. van Wyk","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575763","url":null,"abstract":"Linear contactless power transmission systems are proposed as alternative power supplies to mobile loads used in harsh environments. Such systems comprise a core with a secondary winding sliding along an extended primary winding. In long applications the transformer primary winding is the most limiting component in the system whereas in short applications the transformer core size is usually the detrimental factor. Formulas to optimize and design sliding transformers for different applications are given. The implementation of these formulas are then illustrated by designs for three different applications. Experimental waveforms for a 5 m, 15 kVA sliding transformer are presented.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133778619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.581513
A. Radun, C. Ferreira, E. Richter
Measured data and simulation results for a two channel experimental switched reluctance motor (SRM) based aircraft engine starter/generator system is presented. The two channels of the system provide power to two separate and independent loads. The results presented here document the performance capability of this system from load step response to output ripple voltage. Both measured and predicted system performance is presented and compared. In addition, operating characteristics that are unique to this SRM-based system are described. Of particular interest is the interaction between the two separate channels when one channel experiences a load transient and the other does not. The source of channel interactions is described and measured data are provided. The issue of clearing load faults is also addressed. Design results for adding this capability to the experimental system are described.
{"title":"Two channel switched reluctance starter/generator results","authors":"A. Radun, C. Ferreira, E. Richter","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.581513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.581513","url":null,"abstract":"Measured data and simulation results for a two channel experimental switched reluctance motor (SRM) based aircraft engine starter/generator system is presented. The two channels of the system provide power to two separate and independent loads. The results presented here document the performance capability of this system from load step response to output ripple voltage. Both measured and predicted system performance is presented and compared. In addition, operating characteristics that are unique to this SRM-based system are described. Of particular interest is the interaction between the two separate channels when one channel experiences a load transient and the other does not. The source of channel interactions is described and measured data are provided. The issue of clearing load faults is also addressed. Design results for adding this capability to the experimental system are described.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131059779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.581480
S. Ramakrishnan, R. Steigerwald, J. Mallick
The electrical and mechanical issues critical to the design of low-profile power magnetics are discussed. The disk and tube-type designs are evaluated over the frequency range of 0.5-10 MHz by an optimization process to maximize the efficiency for a given foot-print and height. The tube-type transformer is shown to have a higher power density at a lower height than the disk-type transformer, operating at the same efficiency at 1 MHz. The tube-type design allows the fabrication of transformers with heights as low as 50 mils.
{"title":"A comparison study of low-profile power magnetics for high-frequency, high-density switching converters","authors":"S. Ramakrishnan, R. Steigerwald, J. Mallick","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.581480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.581480","url":null,"abstract":"The electrical and mechanical issues critical to the design of low-profile power magnetics are discussed. The disk and tube-type designs are evaluated over the frequency range of 0.5-10 MHz by an optimization process to maximize the efficiency for a given foot-print and height. The tube-type transformer is shown to have a higher power density at a lower height than the disk-type transformer, operating at the same efficiency at 1 MHz. The tube-type design allows the fabrication of transformers with heights as low as 50 mils.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"78 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128091604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.581501
R. Srinivasan, R. Oruganti
A single-phase, high efficiency, and near-unity power factor half-bridge boost power converter circuit, which has been proposed earlier by other researchers, is presented with detailed analysis. Though this power converter is capable of operating under variable power factor, the focus of this paper is in achieving unity power factor operation only. The efficiency of this circuit is high because there is only one series semiconductor on-state voltage drop at any instant. The existence of an imbalance in the voltages of the two DC link capacitors, which was noted before, is confirmed here. The cause of the imbalance is analysed using appropriate models, and a control method to eliminate it is discussed in detail. Analysis and design considerations for the power circuit using the fixed band hysteresis current control technique are provided. The analytical results are verified through simulation using switched and averaged circuit models of the scheme and also through experimental work. At 90 V AC input and 300 W, 300 V output, the experimental prototype demonstrates an efficiency of 96% and a power factor of 0.998. This power converter, with its relatively high DC output voltage, is well suited for 110 V utility supply system. A circuit modification for universal input voltage range operation is also suggested.
{"title":"Analysis and design of power factor correction using half bridge boost topology","authors":"R. Srinivasan, R. Oruganti","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.581501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.581501","url":null,"abstract":"A single-phase, high efficiency, and near-unity power factor half-bridge boost power converter circuit, which has been proposed earlier by other researchers, is presented with detailed analysis. Though this power converter is capable of operating under variable power factor, the focus of this paper is in achieving unity power factor operation only. The efficiency of this circuit is high because there is only one series semiconductor on-state voltage drop at any instant. The existence of an imbalance in the voltages of the two DC link capacitors, which was noted before, is confirmed here. The cause of the imbalance is analysed using appropriate models, and a control method to eliminate it is discussed in detail. Analysis and design considerations for the power circuit using the fixed band hysteresis current control technique are provided. The analytical results are verified through simulation using switched and averaged circuit models of the scheme and also through experimental work. At 90 V AC input and 300 W, 300 V output, the experimental prototype demonstrates an efficiency of 96% and a power factor of 0.998. This power converter, with its relatively high DC output voltage, is well suited for 110 V utility supply system. A circuit modification for universal input voltage range operation is also suggested.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133007968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575758
R. Prieto, J. Cobos, Ó. García, J. Uceda
This work presents a study of the quantification of the benefits that can be achieved by applying interleaving techniques between different layers (interlayer effect) and in the same layer (intralayer effect). A method to estimate the leakage inductance is also introduced in this work. This method allows the designer to quantify the improvements that can be obtained applying interleaving techniques in an easy way using a simple calculation. Some design guidelines are extracted in order to select the best winding strategy for each transformer. The analysis has been carried out by means of finite element analysis (FEA) techniques in order to take into account all the frequency and geometry effects.
{"title":"Interleaving techniques in magnetic components","authors":"R. Prieto, J. Cobos, Ó. García, J. Uceda","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575758","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a study of the quantification of the benefits that can be achieved by applying interleaving techniques between different layers (interlayer effect) and in the same layer (intralayer effect). A method to estimate the leakage inductance is also introduced in this work. This method allows the designer to quantify the improvements that can be obtained applying interleaving techniques in an easy way using a simple calculation. Some design guidelines are extracted in order to select the best winding strategy for each transformer. The analysis has been carried out by means of finite element analysis (FEA) techniques in order to take into account all the frequency and geometry effects.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133033765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575749
S. Saetieo, D. Torrey
This paper presents a fuzzy logic control scheme of space vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM) for three-phase power converters. The conventional space vector PWM current regulator implementation is generally computationally complex. The fuzzy logic controller implementation relieves the processor of a number of computations, thereby accommodating a less expensive microprocessor. The AC side rectifier voltages are used as fuzzy state variables. The fuzzy logic control has two outputs: magnitude; and angle of reference voltage. Both conventional space vector PWM and the fuzzy logic controller are implemented to evaluate performance using 16-bit microcontroller (68HC16). Experimental results are provided for both controllers at the same operating point, where the power drawn by the load is about 3 kW. The fuzzy logic controller reduces the computational burden on the processor by about 30%.
{"title":"Fuzzy logic control of a space vector PWM current regulator for three phase power converters","authors":"S. Saetieo, D. Torrey","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575749","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fuzzy logic control scheme of space vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM) for three-phase power converters. The conventional space vector PWM current regulator implementation is generally computationally complex. The fuzzy logic controller implementation relieves the processor of a number of computations, thereby accommodating a less expensive microprocessor. The AC side rectifier voltages are used as fuzzy state variables. The fuzzy logic control has two outputs: magnitude; and angle of reference voltage. Both conventional space vector PWM and the fuzzy logic controller are implemented to evaluate performance using 16-bit microcontroller (68HC16). Experimental results are provided for both controllers at the same operating point, where the power drawn by the load is about 3 kW. The fuzzy logic controller reduces the computational burden on the processor by about 30%.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124403184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575760
D. Garabandic, W. Dunford
The use of additional capacitors and a resonating inductor with a bridge converter can allow zero voltage switching in high-power slow-switching applications. The performance can be further improved if a saturable reactor is used. This paper examines the design of such a saturable reactor and presents experimental results from a 3 kW, 30 kHz IGBT DC-DC converter.
{"title":"Primary saturable inductor for high power zero voltage switching DC-DC converter with IGBTs","authors":"D. Garabandic, W. Dunford","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575760","url":null,"abstract":"The use of additional capacitors and a resonating inductor with a bridge converter can allow zero voltage switching in high-power slow-switching applications. The performance can be further improved if a saturable reactor is used. This paper examines the design of such a saturable reactor and presents experimental results from a 3 kW, 30 kHz IGBT DC-DC converter.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128845372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575771
Y. Lin, A. Witulski
The authors present the analysis and design of current-fed Class-M, and voltage-fed Class-L zero current switching (ZCS) resonant inverters. These inverters are suitable for high voltage applications due to their parallel resonant nature. Operations of the circuits are illustrated by detailed descriptions. A design procedure and an example are presented and verified with experiments. A simple steady-state circuit model is also introduced.
{"title":"A unique analysis and design of ZCS resonant inverters","authors":"Y. Lin, A. Witulski","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575771","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present the analysis and design of current-fed Class-M, and voltage-fed Class-L zero current switching (ZCS) resonant inverters. These inverters are suitable for high voltage applications due to their parallel resonant nature. Operations of the circuits are illustrated by detailed descriptions. A design procedure and an example are presented and verified with experiments. A simple steady-state circuit model is also introduced.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128716132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575773
J. Qian, F. Lee, T. Yamauchi
A charge pump high power factor converter cell is first derived, and its unity power factor condition is then reviewed. A single stage high power factor electronic ballast using the charge pump concept is then analyzed. Design criteria are derived to optimize the electronic ballast based on the steady state analysis. Constant lamp power operations associated with its control are also discussed. Large signal simulation and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis. It is shown that the designed electronic ballast has 0.995 power factor and 5% total harmonic distortion with lamp power variation within /spl plusmn/15% when the line input voltage changes /spl plusmn/10%.
{"title":"Analysis, design and experiments of a high power factor electronic ballast","authors":"J. Qian, F. Lee, T. Yamauchi","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575773","url":null,"abstract":"A charge pump high power factor converter cell is first derived, and its unity power factor condition is then reviewed. A single stage high power factor electronic ballast using the charge pump concept is then analyzed. Design criteria are derived to optimize the electronic ballast based on the steady state analysis. Constant lamp power operations associated with its control are also discussed. Large signal simulation and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis. It is shown that the designed electronic ballast has 0.995 power factor and 5% total harmonic distortion with lamp power variation within /spl plusmn/15% when the line input voltage changes /spl plusmn/10%.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126771224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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