Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575737
R. C. Oliveira, E. Coelho, J. B. Viera, L. C. Freitas, V. J. Farias
This work presents a soft switching power amplifier, for audio applications, which uses PWM techniques. The principles of power switching amplifiers are described. The design procedure, simulation and experimental results for soft commutation are presented. The final goal of this study is to obtain a laboratory prototype of a switching power amplifier with soft commutation, which presents high efficiency and high audio fidelity.
{"title":"Soft switching power amplifiers for audio applications","authors":"R. C. Oliveira, E. Coelho, J. B. Viera, L. C. Freitas, V. J. Farias","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575737","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a soft switching power amplifier, for audio applications, which uses PWM techniques. The principles of power switching amplifiers are described. The design procedure, simulation and experimental results for soft commutation are presented. The final goal of this study is to obtain a laboratory prototype of a switching power amplifier with soft commutation, which presents high efficiency and high audio fidelity.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"52 Pt 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126240294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.581441
G. Skibinski, D. Leggate, R. Kerkman
Overvoltage transients occur on AC induction motors when connected through a power cable of sufficient length to a variable speed AC drive consisting of a PWM inverter and IGBT power devices. Factors contributing to a motor overvoltage transient equal to twice the theoretical DC bus voltage are described using classical transmission line analysis. A critical cable distance (I/sub c/) is defined where twice the DC bus overvoltage occurs. However, literature is lacking on how motor transients greater than twice the DC bus voltage are generated. This phenomenon is observed on all PWM inverters with output cable lengths greater than the I/sub c/ distance. Theoretical calculations of cable frequency and damping are correlated with simulation and experimental results. Finally, the paper presents an external hardware apparatus (the Terminator), based on a cable's characteristic impedance, that clamps the motor's terminal voltage to levels far below twice the DC bus voltage. All calculations and proposed solutions are verified or demonstrated with experimental results.
{"title":"Cable characteristics and their influence on motor over-voltages","authors":"G. Skibinski, D. Leggate, R. Kerkman","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.581441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.581441","url":null,"abstract":"Overvoltage transients occur on AC induction motors when connected through a power cable of sufficient length to a variable speed AC drive consisting of a PWM inverter and IGBT power devices. Factors contributing to a motor overvoltage transient equal to twice the theoretical DC bus voltage are described using classical transmission line analysis. A critical cable distance (I/sub c/) is defined where twice the DC bus overvoltage occurs. However, literature is lacking on how motor transients greater than twice the DC bus voltage are generated. This phenomenon is observed on all PWM inverters with output cable lengths greater than the I/sub c/ distance. Theoretical calculations of cable frequency and damping are correlated with simulation and experimental results. Finally, the paper presents an external hardware apparatus (the Terminator), based on a cable's characteristic impedance, that clamps the motor's terminal voltage to levels far below twice the DC bus voltage. All calculations and proposed solutions are verified or demonstrated with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116253712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575765
K.M. Smith, Z. Lai, K. Smedley
This paper proposes a new nonlinear control technique that has one cycle response, does not need a resettable integrator in the control path, and has nearly constant switching frequency. It obtains one cycle response by forcing the error between the switched-variable and the control reference to zero, each cycle. The on-pulse of the controller is adjusted each cycle by a simple circuit to ensure almost constant switching frequency. The small switching frequency variation due to variations in the reference signal and supply voltage and delays in the circuit are quantified. An additional improvement is achieved by using double edge modulation. An experimental 10 kHz bandwidth 100 Watt RMS power audio amplifier using the control method shows THD+N less than 0.62% and power supply ripple rejection (PSRR) of 56 dB demonstrating the applicability of this control technique for high fidelity audio applications.
本文提出了一种新的非线性控制技术，它具有单周期响应，在控制路径中不需要可重置的积分器，并且具有几乎恒定的开关频率。它通过强制开关变量和控制参考之间的误差为零，每个周期获得一个周期响应。控制器的导通脉冲通过一个简单的电路每个周期进行调整，以确保几乎恒定的开关频率。由于参考信号和电源电压的变化以及电路中的延迟引起的开关频率的小变化进行了量化。通过使用双边缘调制实现了额外的改进。使用该控制方法的实验10 kHz带宽100 w RMS功率音频放大器的THD+N小于0.62%，电源纹波抑制(PSRR)为56 dB，表明该控制技术适用于高保真音频应用。
{"title":"A new PWM controller with one cycle response","authors":"K.M. Smith, Z. Lai, K. Smedley","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575765","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new nonlinear control technique that has one cycle response, does not need a resettable integrator in the control path, and has nearly constant switching frequency. It obtains one cycle response by forcing the error between the switched-variable and the control reference to zero, each cycle. The on-pulse of the controller is adjusted each cycle by a simple circuit to ensure almost constant switching frequency. The small switching frequency variation due to variations in the reference signal and supply voltage and delays in the circuit are quantified. An additional improvement is achieved by using double edge modulation. An experimental 10 kHz bandwidth 100 Watt RMS power audio amplifier using the control method shows THD+N less than 0.62% and power supply ripple rejection (PSRR) of 56 dB demonstrating the applicability of this control technique for high fidelity audio applications.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116566779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.581431
K. Burgers, K. Olejniczak, S. Ang, E. Porter
This paper describes the design and fabrication of a highly integrated, intelligent, integral horsepower, three-phase induction motor drive based on multichip module (MCM) technology. This solid-state controller-known as a multichip power module (MCPM)-uses known good die to obtain minimal footprint, volume, and mass, while maximizing efficiency, reliability, and manufacturability.
{"title":"The use of multichip module technology for power electronics miniaturization and packaging","authors":"K. Burgers, K. Olejniczak, S. Ang, E. Porter","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.581431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.581431","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design and fabrication of a highly integrated, intelligent, integral horsepower, three-phase induction motor drive based on multichip module (MCM) technology. This solid-state controller-known as a multichip power module (MCPM)-uses known good die to obtain minimal footprint, volume, and mass, while maximizing efficiency, reliability, and manufacturability.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114698182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.581503
G. Moon, Yeong-Han Kim, M. Youn
A combined buck and boost push-pull quantum series resonant rectifier (PPQSRR) is newly proposed to achieve power factor correction without start-up inrush current. With the proposed control method and circuitry, high power factor and a wide range of output voltage (without inrush current) can be obtained.
{"title":"New push-pull quantum series resonant rectifier without start-up inrush current","authors":"G. Moon, Yeong-Han Kim, M. Youn","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.581503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.581503","url":null,"abstract":"A combined buck and boost push-pull quantum series resonant rectifier (PPQSRR) is newly proposed to achieve power factor correction without start-up inrush current. With the proposed control method and circuitry, high power factor and a wide range of output voltage (without inrush current) can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128673573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575631
L. Huber, M. Jovanovic
Complete steady-state analysis of a forward power converter with a current-doubler rectifier is provided. The advantages and disadvantages of this topology, as compared to the conventional forward power converter, are discussed. Step-by-step design guidelines are also outlined. Finally, experimental evaluation results obtained on a 3.3 V, 50 A DC/DC power converter prototype for the 40-60 V input-voltage range are presented.
完整的稳态分析的正向功率变换器与电流倍频整流器提供。讨论了这种拓扑结构与传统正向功率变换器相比的优缺点。一步一步的设计指南也概述。最后，给出了3.3 V、50 a DC/DC功率变换器样机在40-60 V输入电压范围内的实验评估结果。
{"title":"Forward converter with current-doubler rectifier: analysis, design, and evaluation results","authors":"L. Huber, M. Jovanovic","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575631","url":null,"abstract":"Complete steady-state analysis of a forward power converter with a current-doubler rectifier is provided. The advantages and disadvantages of this topology, as compared to the conventional forward power converter, are discussed. Step-by-step design guidelines are also outlined. Finally, experimental evaluation results obtained on a 3.3 V, 50 A DC/DC power converter prototype for the 40-60 V input-voltage range are presented.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123183220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575664
B. Hredzak, S. Gair, J. Eastham
Axial field permanent magnet disc machines are attractive for direct wheel drives in electric vehicles because the stators can be mounted on the vehicle body whilst the rotor can be directly coupled to the driven wheel. However, this arrangement gives rise to torque pulsations in the drive due to the perturbation of the wheel by the road surface effects. It is shown here that torque pulsations due to the rotor perturbation can be eliminated by modulation of the input motor current based on flux identification determined by a neural network.
{"title":"Application of neural networks to a disc motor with offset rotor","authors":"B. Hredzak, S. Gair, J. Eastham","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575664","url":null,"abstract":"Axial field permanent magnet disc machines are attractive for direct wheel drives in electric vehicles because the stators can be mounted on the vehicle body whilst the rotor can be directly coupled to the driven wheel. However, this arrangement gives rise to torque pulsations in the drive due to the perturbation of the wheel by the road surface effects. It is shown here that torque pulsations due to the rotor perturbation can be eliminated by modulation of the input motor current based on flux identification determined by a neural network.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115228028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575627
R.L. Spyker, R. Nelms
Recent developments in double-layer capacitor technology have resulted in devices with capacitance ratings of 470 F, with an equivalent series resistance as low as 4 m/spl Omega/ capable of repeatable current discharges over 570 A. This paper discusses the results of high frequency pulse discharge tests and inductance measurements on a single capacitor, and short circuit testing of an array of three double-layer capacitors during static discharge, single pulse discharge, and 100 Hz pulsed discharge.
{"title":"High current performance of 470 F double-layer capacitors","authors":"R.L. Spyker, R. Nelms","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575627","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in double-layer capacitor technology have resulted in devices with capacitance ratings of 470 F, with an equivalent series resistance as low as 4 m/spl Omega/ capable of repeatable current discharges over 570 A. This paper discusses the results of high frequency pulse discharge tests and inductance measurements on a single capacitor, and short circuit testing of an array of three double-layer capacitors during static discharge, single pulse discharge, and 100 Hz pulsed discharge.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114349900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575766
F. Linera, J. Sebastián, M. Á. Perez García, J. Díaz, A. Fontan
The half-bridge complementary-control converter (HBCC) has been proposed as a good solution for a low-output voltage DC-to-DC converter. A study of the dynamic of this converter using a symmetrical isolation transformer has already been introduced. This paper shows a generalization of the study using an asymmetric transformer. Some practical design rules have been proposed to facilitate the design of the compensation network. Finally, a dynamic study of the peak control current mode is presented.
{"title":"Closing the feedback loop in the half-bridge complementary-control DC-to-DC converter","authors":"F. Linera, J. Sebastián, M. Á. Perez García, J. Díaz, A. Fontan","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575766","url":null,"abstract":"The half-bridge complementary-control converter (HBCC) has been proposed as a good solution for a low-output voltage DC-to-DC converter. A study of the dynamic of this converter using a symmetrical isolation transformer has already been introduced. This paper shows a generalization of the study using an asymmetric transformer. Some practical design rules have been proposed to facilitate the design of the compensation network. Finally, a dynamic study of the peak control current mode is presented.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124235380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-02-23DOI: 10.1109/APEC.1997.575656
B. Lee, P. Enjeti, I. Pitel
This paper proposes an optimized 12-pulse diode/SCR rectifier topology with lower kVA magnetics and fewer component count. The proposed system consists of an autotransformer (0.18 P/sub a/), two diode/SCR rectifier bridges and a new active interphase transformer. The new active interphase transformer combines the function of two zero sequence blocking transformers (ZSBT), and a conventional interphase transformer into one component wound on the same core. Further, an additional auxiliary winding is added on to the same core to facilitate active current shaping or input current for clean input power. A low kVA two-switch PWM-VSI is employed to control the auxiliary winding current to realize near sinusoidal utility line currents under varying load condition. The proposed system is suitable for the utility interface of high power AC motor drive systems to meet the current IEEE-519 harmonic current limits. The proposed system is very rugged and, in the event the active control were to fail, the system reverts to 12-pulse operation with 5th and 7th harmonics cancellation. Further the active PWM unit is of low kVA (0.15P/sub 0/) and is not directly exposed to line transients. Analysis and design of the proposed system is examined in detail and simulation results are shown.
{"title":"An optimized active interphase transformer for auto-connected 12-pulse rectifiers results in clean input power","authors":"B. Lee, P. Enjeti, I. Pitel","doi":"10.1109/APEC.1997.575656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.1997.575656","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an optimized 12-pulse diode/SCR rectifier topology with lower kVA magnetics and fewer component count. The proposed system consists of an autotransformer (0.18 P/sub a/), two diode/SCR rectifier bridges and a new active interphase transformer. The new active interphase transformer combines the function of two zero sequence blocking transformers (ZSBT), and a conventional interphase transformer into one component wound on the same core. Further, an additional auxiliary winding is added on to the same core to facilitate active current shaping or input current for clean input power. A low kVA two-switch PWM-VSI is employed to control the auxiliary winding current to realize near sinusoidal utility line currents under varying load condition. The proposed system is suitable for the utility interface of high power AC motor drive systems to meet the current IEEE-519 harmonic current limits. The proposed system is very rugged and, in the event the active control were to fail, the system reverts to 12-pulse operation with 5th and 7th harmonics cancellation. Further the active PWM unit is of low kVA (0.15P/sub 0/) and is not directly exposed to line transients. Analysis and design of the proposed system is examined in detail and simulation results are shown.","PeriodicalId":423659,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of APEC 97 - Applied Power Electronics Conference","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116851452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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