Aim: The present work focused on to formulate, evaluate and optimize lipid based nanoemulsion of orlistat to enhance drug release. Materials and Methods: Nanoemulsion was prepared using Olive oil, Tween 80, and Distilled water as components. Lipid based nanoemulsion was evaluated for its pH, Rheology study, zeta potential, conductivity, particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and stability. Central composite design was utilized for the optimization purpose. Formulation variables such as the concentration of Oil (ml) (X1) and Water (ml) (X2) were investigated for their effect on viscosity (Y1) and drug content (Y2). Optimized formulation evaluated for the various parameters. Result and Discussion: The responses Y1 and Y2 for the optimized formulation were found to be 0.167 cps and 99%. Orlistat release from the optimized formulation was faster than other formulations obtained from DOE. Increased in vitro drug release of the drug from lipid based nanoemulsion suggests that the nanoemulsion could serve as potential formulation strategy for Orlistat. Conclusion: The lipid based nanoemulsion can be used as a possible alternative to traditional formulations of orlistat to improve its dissolution rate leading to enhanced bioavailability.
{"title":"Composition of Lipid Based Nanoemulsion for Oral Delivery of Orlistat","authors":"Payghan Santosh, Vaishali Kate, Sanjeevani Desai, Bhise Sandesh, Pradip Deshmukh, Atul Deshmukh","doi":"10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present work focused on to formulate, evaluate and optimize lipid based nanoemulsion of orlistat to enhance drug release. Materials and Methods: Nanoemulsion was prepared using Olive oil, Tween 80, and Distilled water as components. Lipid based nanoemulsion was evaluated for its pH, Rheology study, zeta potential, conductivity, particle size analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and stability. Central composite design was utilized for the optimization purpose. Formulation variables such as the concentration of Oil (ml) (X1) and Water (ml) (X2) were investigated for their effect on viscosity (Y1) and drug content (Y2). Optimized formulation evaluated for the various parameters. Result and Discussion: The responses Y1 and Y2 for the optimized formulation were found to be 0.167 cps and 99%. Orlistat release from the optimized formulation was faster than other formulations obtained from DOE. Increased in vitro drug release of the drug from lipid based nanoemulsion suggests that the nanoemulsion could serve as potential formulation strategy for Orlistat. Conclusion: The lipid based nanoemulsion can be used as a possible alternative to traditional formulations of orlistat to improve its dissolution rate leading to enhanced bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":424241,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"60 s79","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i05.001
Rumaisa Ayoub, Gulnar Fatima, Yawar Nazir
Introduction: Organophosphate (OP) insecticides inhibit both cholinesterase and pseudo-cholinesterase activities. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase causes accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses, and overstimulation of neurotransmission occurs as a result of this accumulation. The mortality rate of OP poisoning is high. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is often life saving. Treatment of OP poisoning consists of intravenous atropine and oximes. The clinical course of OP poisoning may be quite severe and may need intensive care management. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on the patients with OP poisoning. Fifty patients were included. Diagnosis was performed from the history taken either from the patient or from the patient's relatives about the agent involved in the exposure. Diagnosis could was confirmed with serum and red blood cell anticholinesterase levels. Intravenous atropine and pralidoxime was administered as soon as possible. Other measures for the treatment were gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal via nasogastric tube, and cleansing the patient's body with soap and water. The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated if the patients had respiratory failure, a depressed level of consciousness, which causes an inability to protect the airway, and hemodynamic instability. Mechanical ventilation was performed as synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation + pressure support mode, either as volume or pressure control. Positive end expiratory pressure was titrated to keep SaO2 above 94% with 40% FIO2. Weaning was performed using either T-tube trials or pressure support weaning. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results: There were 26 female and 24 male patients. Thirty-five were suicide attempts and 15 were accidental exposure. The gastrointestinal route was the main route in 44 patients. The most frequent signs were meiosis, change in mental status, hypersalivation and fasciculations. Ten patients (20.0%) required mechanical ventilation. Complications were observed in 35 patients. These complications were respiratory failure (14 patients), aspiration pneumonia (10 patients), urinary system infection (6 patients), convulsion (4 patients) and septic shock (1 patient). The duration of the intensive care stay was 5.2 ± 3.0 days. Discussion: Ingestion of OP compounds for suicidal purposes is a major problem, especially in developing countries. Thirty-five of our patients used the OP insecticide for suicide. The average respiratory rate of these patients increased from 22 to 38 breaths/min, which is an important sign of respiratory distress. The nurse to patient ratio was increased after these events. Early recognition of respiratory failure resulting in intubation and mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention for patients with OP poisoning. Respiratory failure is the most troublesome complication, which wa
{"title":"Study of Organophosphorus Poisoning at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital","authors":"Rumaisa Ayoub, Gulnar Fatima, Yawar Nazir","doi":"10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i05.001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Organophosphate (OP) insecticides inhibit both cholinesterase and pseudo-cholinesterase activities. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase causes accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses, and overstimulation of neurotransmission occurs as a result of this accumulation. The mortality rate of OP poisoning is high. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is often life saving. Treatment of OP poisoning consists of intravenous atropine and oximes. The clinical course of OP poisoning may be quite severe and may need intensive care management. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on the patients with OP poisoning. Fifty patients were included. Diagnosis was performed from the history taken either from the patient or from the patient's relatives about the agent involved in the exposure. Diagnosis could was confirmed with serum and red blood cell anticholinesterase levels. Intravenous atropine and pralidoxime was administered as soon as possible. Other measures for the treatment were gastric lavage and administration of activated charcoal via nasogastric tube, and cleansing the patient's body with soap and water. The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated if the patients had respiratory failure, a depressed level of consciousness, which causes an inability to protect the airway, and hemodynamic instability. Mechanical ventilation was performed as synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation + pressure support mode, either as volume or pressure control. Positive end expiratory pressure was titrated to keep SaO2 above 94% with 40% FIO2. Weaning was performed using either T-tube trials or pressure support weaning. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results: There were 26 female and 24 male patients. Thirty-five were suicide attempts and 15 were accidental exposure. The gastrointestinal route was the main route in 44 patients. The most frequent signs were meiosis, change in mental status, hypersalivation and fasciculations. Ten patients (20.0%) required mechanical ventilation. Complications were observed in 35 patients. These complications were respiratory failure (14 patients), aspiration pneumonia (10 patients), urinary system infection (6 patients), convulsion (4 patients) and septic shock (1 patient). The duration of the intensive care stay was 5.2 ± 3.0 days. Discussion: Ingestion of OP compounds for suicidal purposes is a major problem, especially in developing countries. Thirty-five of our patients used the OP insecticide for suicide. The average respiratory rate of these patients increased from 22 to 38 breaths/min, which is an important sign of respiratory distress. The nurse to patient ratio was increased after these events. Early recognition of respiratory failure resulting in intubation and mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention for patients with OP poisoning. Respiratory failure is the most troublesome complication, which wa","PeriodicalId":424241,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"45 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135461024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i04.001
Shikha Singh, Jitender K Malik, G. Pavan Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Gyan Singh, Vinay Siroliya
The corona virus (COVID-19) is an enveloped RNA virus with diverse origins in both people and wildlife. It has been determined that six separate species are the cause of human disease. Viral infections have a significant impact on human disease, and one of the most recent worldwide epidemics is the emergence of the new corona. The SS-RNA virus from the enveloped corona virus family is what caused the potentially lethal SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) virus. In many countries throughout the world, sickness is spreading quickly. As of March 26, 2020, there has been 462,684 confirmed cases and 20,834 fatalities documented abroad. COVID-19 was deemed a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Numerous drug studies are now underway, and some of the results are positive. The only way to combat the virus, however, is through preventative measures as there is no vaccination. The goal of the current study was to use a molecular docking approach to evaluate flavonoids's potential against SAR-CoV-2 infection. Elucidation of the proposed mechanism of action of natural flavonoid (Quercetin, Isorhametin, Rutin and Tamaraxiten) against SAR-CoV-2 infection.
{"title":"Flavonoids as Potent Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp13 Helicase: Grid Based Docking Approach","authors":"Shikha Singh, Jitender K Malik, G. Pavan Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Gyan Singh, Vinay Siroliya","doi":"10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i04.001","url":null,"abstract":"The corona virus (COVID-19) is an enveloped RNA virus with diverse origins in both people and wildlife. It has been determined that six separate species are the cause of human disease. Viral infections have a significant impact on human disease, and one of the most recent worldwide epidemics is the emergence of the new corona. The SS-RNA virus from the enveloped corona virus family is what caused the potentially lethal SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) virus. In many countries throughout the world, sickness is spreading quickly. As of March 26, 2020, there has been 462,684 confirmed cases and 20,834 fatalities documented abroad. COVID-19 was deemed a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Numerous drug studies are now underway, and some of the results are positive. The only way to combat the virus, however, is through preventative measures as there is no vaccination. The goal of the current study was to use a molecular docking approach to evaluate flavonoids's potential against SAR-CoV-2 infection. Elucidation of the proposed mechanism of action of natural flavonoid (Quercetin, Isorhametin, Rutin and Tamaraxiten) against SAR-CoV-2 infection.","PeriodicalId":424241,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i03.001
N. Sharma, Priyanka Ahirwar
Preformulation research is a stage that is started before the novel molecule is seeded. In a larger sense, it connects with studies of a molecule's physical, chemical, analytical, and medicinal properties and offers ideas about appropriate modifications that could be made to improve performance. The analysis of preformulation characteristics can contribute to the development of pharmaceutical formulations that are efficient, safe, dependable, and stable. Oxcarbazepine is an antiepileptic drug. It controls seizures or fits by declining the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain.
{"title":"Oxcarbazepine: Preformulation Studies of Authoritative Part of Formulation Design","authors":"N. Sharma, Priyanka Ahirwar","doi":"10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Preformulation research is a stage that is started before the novel molecule is seeded. In a larger sense, it connects with studies of a molecule's physical, chemical, analytical, and medicinal properties and offers ideas about appropriate modifications that could be made to improve performance. The analysis of preformulation characteristics can contribute to the development of pharmaceutical formulations that are efficient, safe, dependable, and stable. Oxcarbazepine is an antiepileptic drug. It controls seizures or fits by declining the abnormal and excessive activity of the nerve cells in the brain.","PeriodicalId":424241,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"33 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123610556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.004
Rizwan Mirza, Sunil Kumar, J. Malik
A type of wound healing known as hepatic fibrosis arises in response to chronic liver damage brought on by viruses, toxins, and medications that are detrimental to the liver. The syndrome is characterized by inflammation, which is followed by the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and the development of scar tissue. Ephrin receptor A2 is a host cofactor that has been associated to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry (EphA2). The Abelmoschus moschatus seed belong to family Malvaceae. It contains sitosterol b. total phenol, flavonoids which are responsible for antioxidant, antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity. The exact mechanism of action for the hepatoprotective action of Myricetin was still not revealed. With intent to propose the most probable mechanism of action of Myricetin the docking based computational analysis has been performed against the hepatoprotective drug targets like PPARα enzyme. Research Article
{"title":"Potential of Hepatoprotective Activity of Abelmoschus Moschatus Seed: In-Silico Validation","authors":"Rizwan Mirza, Sunil Kumar, J. Malik","doi":"10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.004","url":null,"abstract":"A type of wound healing known as hepatic fibrosis arises in response to chronic liver damage brought on by viruses, toxins, and medications that are detrimental to the liver. The syndrome is characterized by inflammation, which is followed by the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and the development of scar tissue. Ephrin receptor A2 is a host cofactor that has been associated to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry (EphA2). The Abelmoschus moschatus seed belong to family Malvaceae. It contains sitosterol b. total phenol, flavonoids which are responsible for antioxidant, antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity. The exact mechanism of action for the hepatoprotective action of Myricetin was still not revealed. With intent to propose the most probable mechanism of action of Myricetin the docking based computational analysis has been performed against the hepatoprotective drug targets like PPARα enzyme. Research Article","PeriodicalId":424241,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128242535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.005
C. Sr
This article argues the essence of insulin sensitivity versus secretion including insulin resistance in the clinical strategy for the treatment, lifestyle changes, prompt interventions and control of diabetes. Progressive decline of glucose tolerance as advanced age occurs has been associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes due to peripheral insulin resistance and impaired β cell function. In elderly persons, insulin secretion is deranged concomitantly with decreased insulin clearance rate and augmented circulating proinsulin level that ostensibly explicates age-related hyperglycemia. Insulin is associated with numerous pathophysiological processes exhibited during brain function in learning and memory, as well as the regulation of ageing, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in Man. Elevated chronic peripheral insulin, decreased insulin action and brain insulin contents are pathognomonic of the insulin resistance syndrome. All these are associated through specific mechanisms in the pathophysiology of ageing and insulin in concert with risk factors and the concomitant complications. Ostensibly, progressive excess insulin induces synchronous elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory impacts which exacerbate or are exacerbated by advancing age, culminating as inimical consequences to healthy lifestyles, longevity or extended lifespan. Therapeutics and other healthcare measures may be beneficial in order to prevent, mitigate or amend insulin aberrations in the elderly and during the ageing process. The mainstay in managing an elderly patient with perturbed insulin action, is control of therapeutic application, as it can reverse acute terminal states. Treatment necessitates stringent and thorough expertise, knowledge and skills for optimum provision and effective cerebral, cardiovascular and skeletal protection for a healthier lifespan and longevity. This article will be of immense contribution in the understanding of the prevention, control and treatment of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and neurological disorders during ageing.
{"title":"Ageing and Insulin: Inter Alia Diabetes, Obesity and Fitness Concerns","authors":"C. Sr","doi":"10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.005","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues the essence of insulin sensitivity versus secretion including insulin resistance in the clinical strategy for the treatment, lifestyle changes, prompt interventions and control of diabetes. Progressive decline of glucose tolerance as advanced age occurs has been associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes due to peripheral insulin resistance and impaired β cell function. In elderly persons, insulin secretion is deranged concomitantly with decreased insulin clearance rate and augmented circulating proinsulin level that ostensibly explicates age-related hyperglycemia. Insulin is associated with numerous pathophysiological processes exhibited during brain function in learning and memory, as well as the regulation of ageing, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in Man. Elevated chronic peripheral insulin, decreased insulin action and brain insulin contents are pathognomonic of the insulin resistance syndrome. All these are associated through specific mechanisms in the pathophysiology of ageing and insulin in concert with risk factors and the concomitant complications. Ostensibly, progressive excess insulin induces synchronous elevated levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory impacts which exacerbate or are exacerbated by advancing age, culminating as inimical consequences to healthy lifestyles, longevity or extended lifespan. Therapeutics and other healthcare measures may be beneficial in order to prevent, mitigate or amend insulin aberrations in the elderly and during the ageing process. The mainstay in managing an elderly patient with perturbed insulin action, is control of therapeutic application, as it can reverse acute terminal states. Treatment necessitates stringent and thorough expertise, knowledge and skills for optimum provision and effective cerebral, cardiovascular and skeletal protection for a healthier lifespan and longevity. This article will be of immense contribution in the understanding of the prevention, control and treatment of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular and neurological disorders during ageing.","PeriodicalId":424241,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117147453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.001
Abdul Kader Mohiuddin
To cure any disease, proper use of medicine or taking medicine in the correct order is required. Even patients from developed countries struggle to maintain their drug compliance. There is an odd parallel between underdeveloped, emerging nations and the so-called developed world in the West when it comes to improper medicine use. The understanding and perception of the disease is the most important factor influencing whether patients stick to their treatment plan.
{"title":"Adherence to Medication and Treatment Guidelines: Most Important but Mostly Avoided","authors":"Abdul Kader Mohiuddin","doi":"10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"To cure any disease, proper use of medicine or taking medicine in the correct order is required. Even patients from developed countries struggle to maintain their drug compliance. There is an odd parallel between underdeveloped, emerging nations and the so-called developed world in the West when it comes to improper medicine use. The understanding and perception of the disease is the most important factor influencing whether patients stick to their treatment plan.","PeriodicalId":424241,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128850721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.002
Megha Mishra, Sunil Kumar, J. Malik
Liver fibrosis is a form of wound healing that develops in response to persistent liver injury brought on by viruses, poisons, and medicines that are harmful to the liver. Inflammation is a hallmark of the condition, which is then followed by the formation of scar tissue via the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entrance has been linked to the host cofactor ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2). Selegiline hydrochloride is a levorotatory acetylenic derivative of phenethylamine. It is commonly referred to in the clinical and pharmacological literature as l-deprenyl. Selegiline (deprenyl) is a selective inhibitor of cerebral monoamine oxidase type B at the dosage (10 mg/day) used in patients with Parkinson's disease. Through this activity, the drug increases nigrostriatal dopamine levels, and may protect neurons against damage by free radicals and possibly exogenous neurotoxins.The exact mechanism of action for the hepatoprotective action of Selegiline was still not revealed. With intent to propose the most probable mechanism of action of Selegiline the docking based computational analysis has been performed against the hepatoprotective drug targets like PPARα enzyme.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Efficacy of Selegiline: Molecular Insight","authors":"Megha Mishra, Sunil Kumar, J. Malik","doi":"10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Liver fibrosis is a form of wound healing that develops in response to persistent liver injury brought on by viruses, poisons, and medicines that are harmful to the liver. Inflammation is a hallmark of the condition, which is then followed by the formation of scar tissue via the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) entrance has been linked to the host cofactor ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2). Selegiline hydrochloride is a levorotatory acetylenic derivative of phenethylamine. It is commonly referred to in the clinical and pharmacological literature as l-deprenyl. Selegiline (deprenyl) is a selective inhibitor of cerebral monoamine oxidase type B at the dosage (10 mg/day) used in patients with Parkinson's disease. Through this activity, the drug increases nigrostriatal dopamine levels, and may protect neurons against damage by free radicals and possibly exogenous neurotoxins.The exact mechanism of action for the hepatoprotective action of Selegiline was still not revealed. With intent to propose the most probable mechanism of action of Selegiline the docking based computational analysis has been performed against the hepatoprotective drug targets like PPARα enzyme.","PeriodicalId":424241,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124635402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-22DOI: 10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.003
Priyanka Mishra, Sunil Kumar, J. Malik
When under stress, our body reacts by releasing hormones and triggering the nervous system. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which transmits the stress response, is in charge of the neuroendocrine adaptation of the stress response. Corticotrophin releasing hormone neurons control hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function Increased. Many metabolic and neurological problems linked to stress are associated with the synthesis of corticotrophin releasing hormone. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABAergic inhibition both play a significant role in controlling the activity of CRH neurons. Several synthetic medicines that target the GABAa receptor and activate GABAa activity are used to lessen the effects of stress. These treatments have relaxing effects but also come with a variety of negative effects. As they have no adverse effects and are harmless, anti-stress herbs are utilised as an alternative therapy to help the adrenal system. Spirulina platensis (commonly referred to as ‘Spirulina’), are well for their Immune system modulation; anti-viral activity; cancer preventive properties, and cardiovascular benefits. In present work an attempt had been made to evaluate the anti-stress potential of active constituent of spirulina by molecular docking.
{"title":"Molecular Mechanistic Insight Spirulina as Anti-stress Agent","authors":"Priyanka Mishra, Sunil Kumar, J. Malik","doi":"10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i02.003","url":null,"abstract":"When under stress, our body reacts by releasing hormones and triggering the nervous system. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which transmits the stress response, is in charge of the neuroendocrine adaptation of the stress response. Corticotrophin releasing hormone neurons control hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function Increased. Many metabolic and neurological problems linked to stress are associated with the synthesis of corticotrophin releasing hormone. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABAergic inhibition both play a significant role in controlling the activity of CRH neurons. Several synthetic medicines that target the GABAa receptor and activate GABAa activity are used to lessen the effects of stress. These treatments have relaxing effects but also come with a variety of negative effects. As they have no adverse effects and are harmless, anti-stress herbs are utilised as an alternative therapy to help the adrenal system. Spirulina platensis (commonly referred to as ‘Spirulina’), are well for their Immune system modulation; anti-viral activity; cancer preventive properties, and cardiovascular benefits. In present work an attempt had been made to evaluate the anti-stress potential of active constituent of spirulina by molecular docking.","PeriodicalId":424241,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133679910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-30DOI: 10.36348/merjps.2023.v03i01.002
N. Verma, A. Singh, A. Maurya, A. Rai, A. Chaurasiya
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease rather than a natural part of the life cycle as colloquially viewed of the pilosebaceous unit (comprising the hair follicle, hair shaft and sebaceous gland) and is among the most common dermatological conditions worldwide. Some of the key mechanisms involved in the development of acne include disturbed sebaceous gland activity associated with hyperseborrhoea (that is, increased sebum production) and alterations in sebum fatty acid composition, dysregulation of the hormone microenvironment, interaction with neuropeptides, follicular hyperkeratinization, induction of inflammation and dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immunity. Grading of acne involves lesion counting and photographic methods. However, there is a lack of consensus on the exact grading criteria, which hampers the conduction and comparison of randomized controlled clinical trials evaluating treatments. Prevention of acne relies on the successful management of modifiable risk factors, such as underlying systemic diseases and lifestyle factors. Several treatments are available, but guidelines suffer from a lack of data to make evidence-based recommendations. In addition, the complex combination treatment regimens required to target different aspects of acne pathophysiology lead to poor adherence, which undermines treatment success. Acne commonly causes scarring and reduces the quality of life of patients. New treatment options with a shift towards targeting the early processes involved in acne development instead of suppressing the effects of end products will enhance our ability to improve the outcomes for patients with acne.
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