The Namibian Governance Code was implemented in 2014 and calls for organisations to manage ethics effectively. This study proposes an ethics framework that can be used by management to build an ethical culture and used by internal auditors to assess the effectiveness of an organisation’s ethical culture. Data was collected from managers and senior internal auditors in the financial services industry, based on their views of the proposed ethics framework. Management agreed that such a framework could contribute to building an ethical organisational culture because there is a lack of guidance available. Internal auditors agreed that the framework could assist the IAF in assessing ethics. However, it appears that this practice in Namibia is limited to an assessment of the codes of conduct only. Furthermore, there appears to be a lack of reporting on ethics performance to stakeholders, primarily because participants’ organisations did not implement integrated reporting as yet.
{"title":"A framework for managing and assessing ethics in Namibia: An internal audit perspective","authors":"Nolan Angermund, K. Plant","doi":"10.15249/11-1-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/11-1-119","url":null,"abstract":"The Namibian Governance Code was implemented in 2014 and calls for organisations to manage ethics effectively. This study proposes an ethics framework that can be used by management to build an ethical culture and used by internal auditors to assess the effectiveness of an organisation’s ethical culture. Data was collected from managers and senior internal auditors in the financial services industry, based on their views of the proposed ethics framework. Management agreed that such a framework could contribute to building an ethical organisational culture because there is a lack of guidance available. Internal auditors agreed that the framework could assist the IAF in assessing ethics. However, it appears that this practice in Namibia is limited to an assessment of the codes of conduct only. Furthermore, there appears to be a lack of reporting on ethics performance to stakeholders, primarily because participants’ organisations did not implement integrated reporting as yet.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42000834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Lynette, Ferreira Edmund John, van Antwerpen Sumei
Abstract Society demands responsible actions from both large and small medium and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs). This study sought to identify the aspects that influence decision-makers of SMMEs to utilise business resources for responsible business practices (RBP) and the different demographic variables that impact on these influencing aspects. After multi-stage sampling, results from a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 84 SMMEs in the Tshwane region indicated that personal feelings and emotions, ethics, morals, financial condition, requests from friends and family, religion and competitive reasons influence SMME decision-makers to spend on RBP. Interesting relationships between these aspects and age, education and gender were identified.
{"title":"Responsible business practices: Aspects influencing decision-making in small, medium and micro-sized enterprises","authors":"C. Lynette, Ferreira Edmund John, van Antwerpen Sumei","doi":"10.15249/11-1-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/11-1-143","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Society demands responsible actions from both large and small medium and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs). This study sought to identify the aspects that influence decision-makers of SMMEs to utilise business resources for responsible business practices (RBP) and the different demographic variables that impact on these influencing aspects. After multi-stage sampling, results from a self-administered questionnaire distributed to 84 SMMEs in the Tshwane region indicated that personal feelings and emotions, ethics, morals, financial condition, requests from friends and family, religion and competitive reasons influence SMME decision-makers to spend on RBP. Interesting relationships between these aspects and age, education and gender were identified.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44874474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transparency in reporting has become very important and various stakeholders expect companies to disclose sensitive information, such as ethical aspects, integrity and anti-corruption information. Any indication of corruption can be detrimental when trying to attract foreign investors to invest in a country. These disclosure practices could place remarkable pressure on a company that needs to portray a positive image to their stakeholders. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the reporting on ethics, integrity and anti-corruption of companies in the motor vehicle manufacturing sector. Content analysis was used as the research method. A checklist was compiled based on the different frameworks and country requirements. The results of the evaluation indicate that companies understand the importance of the governance aspects such as ethics and integrity and some also provide training on the relevant codes and policies. However the disclosure on corruption-related incidents within the companies is poor and not sufficient information is evident from the reports.
{"title":"An evaluation of the reporting on ethics and integrity of selected listed motor vehicle companies","authors":"A. Smit, Ellie Bierman","doi":"10.15249/11-1-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/11-1-152","url":null,"abstract":"Transparency in reporting has become very important and various stakeholders expect companies to disclose sensitive information, such as ethical aspects, integrity and anti-corruption information. Any indication of corruption can be detrimental when trying to attract foreign investors to invest in a country. These disclosure practices could place remarkable pressure on a company that needs to portray a positive image to their stakeholders. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the reporting on ethics, integrity and anti-corruption of companies in the motor vehicle manufacturing sector. Content analysis was used as the research method. A checklist was compiled based on the different frameworks and country requirements. The results of the evaluation indicate that companies understand the importance of the governance aspects such as ethics and integrity and some also provide training on the relevant codes and policies. However the disclosure on corruption-related incidents within the companies is poor and not sufficient information is evident from the reports.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45556767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internationally, student plagiarism is on the rise despite measures introduced by universities to detect its occurrence and to institute actions to prevent and address this practice. One of the reasons that contributes to this problem is the reluctance of faculty to report student plagiarism. Through the medium of a disguised South African case study, this paper advances reasons to explain this oversight. Such reasons include psychological discomfort, opportunity costs, administrative bureaucracy and a prevailing culture of managerialism. Recommendations are furnished to faculty alerting them to practices of which they must be aware when intending to report student plagiarism. Recommendations are also proposed to university leaders and administrators with regard for the need to support faculty who report student plagiarism.
{"title":"Faculty reluctance to report student plagiarism: A case study","authors":"Adèle Thomas","doi":"10.15249/11-1-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/11-1-148","url":null,"abstract":"Internationally, student plagiarism is on the rise despite measures introduced by universities to detect its occurrence and to institute actions to prevent and address this practice. One of the reasons that contributes to this problem is the reluctance of faculty to report student plagiarism. Through the medium of a disguised South African case study, this paper advances reasons to explain this oversight. Such reasons include psychological discomfort, opportunity costs, administrative bureaucracy and a prevailing culture of managerialism. Recommendations are furnished to faculty alerting them to practices of which they must be aware when intending to report student plagiarism. Recommendations are also proposed to university leaders and administrators with regard for the need to support faculty who report student plagiarism.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45559373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research provides a much needed and deeper insight into the management of ethics by leaders of medium-sized business enterprises in the South African context. Utilising a mixed methodological approach of qualitative and quantitative analyses, the research describes the unique ethical risks faced by leaders of medium-sized businesses, and how these leaders attempt to mitigate such risks through embedding their personal values within the organisation, and the systems and operational mechanisms adopted to assist them in this regard.
{"title":"Inculcating ethics in small and mediumsized business enterprises: A South African leadership perspective","authors":"Bryant Robinson, J. Jonker","doi":"10.15249/11-1-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/11-1-132","url":null,"abstract":"This research provides a much needed and deeper insight into the management of ethics by leaders of medium-sized business enterprises in the South African context. Utilising a mixed methodological approach of qualitative and quantitative analyses, the research describes the unique ethical risks faced by leaders of medium-sized businesses, and how these leaders attempt to mitigate such risks through embedding their personal values within the organisation, and the systems and operational mechanisms adopted to assist them in this regard.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46488069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although small- and medium businesses (SMEs) significant economic contributions are globally acknowledged, many SMEs in Uganda have not fully adopted and integrated ethics into their business strategies. This study explores the business practices that influence SME’s ethical conduct in Uganda. Primary data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A sample of 384 SME owner/managers was surveyed employing convenience sampling. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The empirical findings show that the business practices of SMEs significantly influence their ethical business conduct in Uganda. It was suggested that SME business owners/managers pay attention to their management practices and ensure that all employees are knowledgeable on what ethical business conduct entails or how to apply it in the workplace.
{"title":"Business practices influencing ethical conduct of small and medium-sized enterprises in Uganda","authors":"Jamiah Mayanja, S. Perks","doi":"10.15249/11-1-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/11-1-130","url":null,"abstract":"Although small- and medium businesses (SMEs) significant economic contributions are globally acknowledged, many SMEs in Uganda have not fully adopted and integrated ethics into their business strategies. This study explores the business practices that influence SME’s ethical conduct in Uganda. Primary data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A sample of 384 SME owner/managers was surveyed employing convenience sampling. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The empirical findings show that the business practices of SMEs significantly influence their ethical business conduct in Uganda. It was suggested that SME business owners/managers pay attention to their management practices and ensure that all employees are knowledgeable on what ethical business conduct entails or how to apply it in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted to analyse the ethical climate typology of the Ethical Climate Questionnaire empirically, in order to develop a unique South African typology. This typology was tested for the equivalence of the construct between the private and public sector. A three ethical climate type solution was found (in contrast with the initial nine, and later five type typology). The results suggest that the construct is equivalent for both the private and public sectors. The findings could be used as a foundation for future studies, as well as for ethical climate measurement within the South African context.
{"title":"An adapted measure of ethical climate in organisations – a South African study","authors":"A. Grobler","doi":"10.15249/10-2-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/10-2-111","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to analyse the ethical climate typology of the Ethical Climate Questionnaire empirically, in order to develop a unique South African typology. This typology was tested for the equivalence of the construct between the private and public sector. A three ethical climate type solution was found (in contrast with the initial nine, and later five type typology). The results suggest that the construct is equivalent for both the private and public sectors. The findings could be used as a foundation for future studies, as well as for ethical climate measurement within the South African context.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42905768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid increase in globalization in the last two and a half decades has caused businesses to easily transcend national boundaries. States respond to such flexibility by harmonising their laws to easily adapt to such changes in order to attract investments. This is the case with the OHADA jurisdiction where its architects foresaw an economic spur through integration of business laws. Though expected to stay within the bounds of the law, the law cannot absolutely determine how businesses should prioritise their stakes. As such, ethics comes in to complement the law. This article uses the stakeholder theory of corporate control to investigate the place of ethics in OHADA, as applied in Cameroon. It concludes that an altruistic social conscience is still highly wanting.
{"title":"The stakeholder theory of corporate control and the place of ethics in OHADA: The case of Cameroon","authors":"I. Sama-Lang, Njonguo Abel Zesung","doi":"10.15249/10-1-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/10-1-117","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid increase in globalization in the last two and a half decades has caused businesses to easily transcend national boundaries. States respond to such flexibility by harmonising their laws to easily adapt to such changes in order to attract investments. This is the case with the OHADA jurisdiction where its architects foresaw an economic spur through integration of business laws. Though expected to stay within the bounds of the law, the law cannot absolutely determine how businesses should prioritise their stakes. As such, ethics comes in to complement the law. This article uses the stakeholder theory of corporate control to investigate the place of ethics in OHADA, as applied in Cameroon. It concludes that an altruistic social conscience is still highly wanting.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67333384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study seeks to investigate Ghanaian bank customers’ ranked preference for corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and determine which initiative has the greatest effect on attitude and behaviour toward banks. A sample of 384 retail bank customers is employed in the study. Applying a one-way MANOVA and two uni-variate ANOVAs, the study finds that customers have the highest preference for corporate philanthropy initiatives, followed by customer-centric and community volunteering initiatives. Additionally, the overall effects of CSR initiatives on customers’ attitude and behavioural intentions toward bank brands are found to be significant. More specifically, the study finds, using a Scheffe post-hoc test, that corporate philanthropy initiative have the greatest effect on both attitude and behavioural intentions towards bank brands. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the best type of CSR initiative that retail banks should apply to stimulate customers’ attitude and behaviour towards their brands in Ghana is corporate philanthropy initiatives.
{"title":"Bank customers’ preferences and responses to Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives in Ghana","authors":"Ebo Hinson, Anne Renner, H. V. Zyl","doi":"10.15249/10-1-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/10-1-107","url":null,"abstract":"The study seeks to investigate Ghanaian bank customers’ ranked preference for corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and determine which initiative has the greatest effect on attitude and behaviour toward banks. A sample of 384 retail bank customers is employed in the study. Applying a one-way MANOVA and two uni-variate ANOVAs, the study finds that customers have the highest preference for corporate philanthropy initiatives, followed by customer-centric and community volunteering initiatives. Additionally, the overall effects of CSR initiatives on customers’ attitude and behavioural intentions toward bank brands are found to be significant. More specifically, the study finds, using a Scheffe post-hoc test, that corporate philanthropy initiative have the greatest effect on both attitude and behavioural intentions towards bank brands. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the best type of CSR initiative that retail banks should apply to stimulate customers’ attitude and behaviour towards their brands in Ghana is corporate philanthropy initiatives.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67333114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although generational differences have been studied in developed countires, not much information is available about generational cohorts and how they differ in terms of work ethics in developing countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 301 respondents from South Africa. Work ethics of three generational cohorts were measured, namely the Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. The main finding of this research was that statistically significant differences and similarities were found between the various generational cohorts in terms of work ethics facets. Statistically significant generational differences were indicated for hard work and delay of gratification.
{"title":"Work ethics of different generational cohorts in South Africa","authors":"F. V. D. Walt","doi":"10.15249/10-1-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15249/10-1-101","url":null,"abstract":"Although generational differences have been studied in developed countires, not much information is available about generational cohorts and how they differ in terms of work ethics in developing countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 301 respondents from South Africa. Work ethics of three generational cohorts were measured, namely the Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y. The main finding of this research was that statistically significant differences and similarities were found between the various generational cohorts in terms of work ethics facets. Statistically significant generational differences were indicated for hard work and delay of gratification.","PeriodicalId":42425,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Business Ethics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67332940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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