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Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking最新文献

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Acoustic Eavesdropping through Wireless Vibrometry 利用无线振动测量技术进行声学窃听
Teng Wei, Shu Wang, Anfu Zhou, Xinyu Zhang
Loudspeakers are widely used in conferencing and infotainment systems. Private information leakage from loudspeaker sound is often assumed to be preventable using sound-proof isolators like walls. In this paper, we explore a new acoustic eavesdropping attack that can subvert such protectors using radio devices. Our basic idea lies in an acoustic-radio transformation (ART) algorithm, which recovers loudspeaker sound by inspecting the subtle disturbance it causes to the radio signals generated by an adversary or by its co-located WiFi transmitter. ART builds on a modeling framework that distills key factors to determine the recovered audio quality. It incorporates diversity mechanisms and noise suppression algorithms that can boost the eavesdropping quality. We implement the ART eavesdropper on a software-radio platform and conduct experiments to verify its feasibility and threat level. When targeted at vanilla PC or smartphone loudspeakers, the attacker can successfully recover high-quality audio even when blocked by sound-proof walls. On the other hand, we propose several pragmatic countermeasures that can effectively reduce the attacker's audio recovery quality by orders of magnitude.
扬声器广泛用于会议和信息娱乐系统。人们通常认为,使用墙壁等隔音隔离装置可以防止扬声器声音泄露的私人信息。在本文中,我们探索了一种新的声学窃听攻击,可以利用无线电设备破坏这种保护器。我们的基本想法是一种声-无线电变换(ART)算法,该算法通过检测扬声器对对手或其共同位置的WiFi发射器产生的无线电信号造成的细微干扰来恢复扬声器的声音。ART建立在一个建模框架上,该框架提取了确定恢复音频质量的关键因素。它结合了分集机制和噪声抑制算法,可以提高窃听质量。本文在软件无线电平台上实现了ART窃听器,并对其可行性和威胁程度进行了实验验证。当攻击目标是普通的PC或智能手机扬声器时,攻击者可以成功地恢复高质量的音频,即使被隔音墙阻挡。另一方面,我们提出了几种实用的对策,可以有效地将攻击者的音频恢复质量降低几个数量级。
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引用次数: 104
Demo: Implementation of Real-time WiFi Receiver in Ziria, Language for Rapid Prototyping of Wireless PHY 演示:在Ziria中实现实时WiFi接收器,无线PHY快速原型设计语言
Gordon Stewart, Mahanth K. Gowda, G. Mainland, B. Radunovic, Dimitrios Vytiniotis
Software-defined radios (SDR) have the potential to bring major innovation in wireless networking design. However, their impact so far has been limited due to complex programming tools. Most of the existing tools are either too slow to achieve the full line speeds of contemporary wireless PHYs or are too complex to master. In this demo we present our novel SDR programming environment called Ziria. Ziria consists of a novel programming language and an optimizing compiler. The compiler is able to synthesize very efficient SDR code from high-level PHY descriptions written in Ziria language. To illustrate its potential, we present the design of an LTE-like PHY layer in Ziria. We run it on the Sora SDR platform and demonstrate on a test-bed that it is able to operate in real-time.
软件定义无线电(SDR)具有为无线网络设计带来重大创新的潜力。然而,到目前为止,由于复杂的编程工具,它们的影响有限。大多数现有的工具要么太慢,无法达到当代无线物理设备的全线路速度,要么太复杂而无法掌握。在这个演示中,我们展示了一种名为Ziria的新颖SDR编程环境。Ziria由一种新颖的编程语言和一个优化编译器组成。编译器能够从用Ziria语言编写的高级PHY描述中合成非常高效的SDR代码。为了说明其潜力,我们在Ziria中设计了一个类似lte的物理层。我们在Sora SDR平台上运行了该系统,并在测试台上进行了验证,证明该系统能够实时运行。
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引用次数: 1
Optimizing Smartphone Power Consumption through Dynamic Resolution Scaling 通过动态分辨率缩放优化智能手机功耗
Songtao He, Yunxin Liu, Hucheng Zhou
The extremely-high display density of modern smartphones imposes a significant burden on power consumption, yet does not always provide an improved user experience and may even lead to a compromised user experience. As human visually-perceivable ability highly depends on the user-screen distance, a reduced display resolution may still achieve the same user experience when the user-screen distance is large. This provides new power-saving opportunities. In this paper, we present a flexible dynamic resolution scaling system for smartphones. The system adopts an ultrasonic-based approach to accurately detect the user-screen distance at low-power cost and makes scaling decisions automatically for maximum user experience and power saving. App developers or users can also adjust the resolution manually as their needs. Our system is able to work on existing commercial smartphones and support legacy apps, without requiring re-building the ROM or any changes of apps. An end-to-end dynamic resolution scaling system is implemented on the Galaxy S5 LTE-A and Nexus 6 smartphones, and the correctness and effectiveness are evaluated against 30 games and benchmarks. Experimental results show that all the 30 apps can run successfully with per-frame, real-time dynamic resolution scaling. The energy per frame can be reduced by 30.1% on average and up to 60.5% at most when the resolution is halved, for 15 apps. A user study with 10 users indicates that our system remains good user experience, as none of the 10 users could perceive the resolution changes in the user study.
现代智能手机的超高显示密度给功耗带来了沉重的负担,但并不总能提供更好的用户体验,甚至可能导致用户体验受损。由于人的视觉感知能力高度依赖于用户屏幕距离,当用户屏幕距离较大时,降低显示分辨率仍然可以获得相同的用户体验。这提供了新的节能机会。本文提出了一种灵活的智能手机动态分辨率缩放系统。该系统采用基于超声波的方法,以低功耗准确检测用户屏幕距离,并自动做出缩放决策,以实现最大的用户体验和节能。应用程序开发人员或用户也可以根据需要手动调整分辨率。我们的系统能够在现有的商业智能手机上工作,并支持传统应用程序,而不需要重建ROM或任何应用程序的更改。在Galaxy S5 LTE-A和Nexus 6智能手机上实现了端到端动态分辨率缩放系统,并针对30款游戏和基准测试对其正确性和有效性进行了评估。实验结果表明,这30个应用程序都可以在逐帧、实时动态分辨率缩放的情况下成功运行。对于15个应用程序,每帧能量平均减少30.1%,当分辨率减半时最多减少60.5%。10个用户的用户研究表明我们的系统仍然具有良好的用户体验,因为10个用户中没有一个可以感知到用户研究中的分辨率变化。
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引用次数: 59
Poster: Unified RemoteU¡ for Mobile Environments 海报:统一的远程移动环境
M. Carvalho, J. Silva
In our daily lives we assist to an exponential growth of mobile and fixed devices that surround us, though many of them having limited resources, and not even providing an interface screen. In this paper, we present remoteU¡, a middleware that allows the interaction of those devices with users, resorting to simple but expressive programming mechanisms, and providing efficient implementation and communication.
在我们的日常生活中,我们帮助我们周围的移动和固定设备呈指数级增长,尽管其中许多设备资源有限,甚至没有提供界面屏幕。在本文中,我们提出了一种中间件remoteU,它允许这些设备与用户进行交互,采用简单而富有表现力的编程机制,并提供有效的实现和通信。
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引用次数: 3
Poster: A Multi-Drone Platform for Empowering Drones' Teamwork 海报:一个多无人机平台,授权无人机的团队合作
Seungho Yoo, Kangho Kim, Jongtack Jung, A. Y. Chung, Jiyeon Lee, Suk kyu Lee, Hyung Kyu Lee, Hwangnam Kim
The rapid development of UAV technology has opened up numerous applications. Further, cooperating dronesfootnote{In this paper, we refer to all types of UAVs as drones.} possess a great potential in various areas of applications. Yet, there has not been a platform for a fleet of drones. It is rather difficult to control multiple drones through a single ground control station. In fact, drones need to consistently exchange flight information to maintain the formation of the fleet and follow the commands given from the GCS. Thus, drones need a robust network established among the fleet to provide a fleet control. In this paper, we propose Net-Drone, a multi-drone platform for applications that require cooperation of multiple drones. Net-Drone is equipped with strong network functionalities to provide a control system for a fleet of drones. Through case studies conducted with a prototype implementation, the proposed system is demonstrated. Video of the conducted case study can be found in http://youtu.be/lFaWsEmiQvw.
无人机技术的快速发展开辟了众多的应用领域。此外,协作无人机footnote{在本文中,我们将所有类型的无人机统称为无人机。}在各个应用领域具有巨大的潜力。然而,目前还没有一个无人机编队的平台。通过一个地面控制站控制多架无人机是相当困难的。事实上,无人机需要不断交换飞行信息,以维持机队的编队,并遵循GCS的命令。因此,无人机需要在机群之间建立一个强大的网络来提供机群控制。在本文中,我们提出了Net-Drone,一个多无人机平台,用于需要多架无人机合作的应用。Net-Drone配备了强大的网络功能,为无人机舰队提供控制系统。通过使用原型实现进行的案例研究,验证了所提出的系统。所进行的案例研究的视频可以在http://youtu.be/lFaWsEmiQvw找到。
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引用次数: 17
Come and Be Served: Parallel Decoding for COTS RFID Tags 来吧,被服务:COTS RFID标签的并行解码
J. Ou, Mo Li, Yuanqing Zheng
Current commodity RFID systems incur high communication overhead due to severe tag-to-tag collisions. Although some recent works have been proposed to support parallel decoding for concurrent tag transmissions, they require accurate channel measurements, tight tag synchronization, or modifications to standard RFID tag operations. In this paper, we present BiGroup, a novel RFID communication paradigm that allows the reader to decode the collision from multiple COTS (commodity-off-the-shelf) RFID tags in one communication round. In BiGroup, COTS tags can directly join ongoing communication sessions and get decoded in parallel. The collision resolution intelligence is solely put at the reader side. To this end, BiGroup examines the tag collisions at RFID physical layer from constellation domain as well as time domain, exploits the under-utilized channel capacity due to low tag transmission rate, and leverages tag diversities. We implement BiGroup with USRP N210 software radio that is able to read and decode multiple concurrent transmissions from COTS passive tags. Our experimental study gives encouraging results that BiGroup greatly improves RFID communication efficiency, i.e., 11× performance improvement compared to the alternative decoding scheme for COTS tags and 6× gain in time efficiency when applied to EPC C1G2 tag identification.
目前的商品RFID系统由于严重的标签对标签碰撞而产生高通信开销。虽然最近的一些工作已经提出支持并发标签传输的并行解码,但它们需要精确的通道测量、紧密的标签同步或对标准RFID标签操作的修改。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的RFID通信范式BiGroup,它允许读者在一个通信轮中解码来自多个COTS(商品现货)RFID标签的碰撞。在biggroup中,COTS标签可以直接加入正在进行的通信会话并并行解码。碰撞解决智能仅放在读者端。为此,biggroup从星座域和时域两方面分析了RFID物理层的标签冲突,利用了由于标签传输速率低而未充分利用的信道容量,并利用了标签多样性。我们使用USRP N210软件无线电实现biggroup,该软件无线电能够读取和解码来自COTS无源标签的多个并发传输。我们的实验研究得到了令人鼓舞的结果,BiGroup大大提高了RFID通信效率,即与COTS标签的替代解码方案相比,性能提高了11倍,应用于EPC C1G2标签识别时,时间效率提高了6倍。
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引用次数: 120
Demo: AntMonitor: A System for Mobile Traffic Monitoring and Real-Time Prevention of Privacy Leaks 演示:AntMonitor:一个移动流量监控和实时防止隐私泄露的系统
A. Shuba, Anh Le, Minas Gjoka, Janus Varmarken, Simon Langhoff, A. Markopoulou
Mobile devices play an essential role in the Internet today, and there is an increasing interest in using them as a vantage point for network measurement from the edge. At the same time, these devices store personal, sensitive information, and there is a growing number of applications that leak it. We propose AntMonitor-- the first system of its kind that supports (i) collection of large-scale, semantic-rich network traffic in a way that respects users' privacy preferences and (ii) detection and prevention of leakage of private information in real time. The first property makes AntMonitor a powerful tool for network researchers who want to collect and analyze large-scale yet fine-grained mobile measurements. The second property can work as an incentive for using AntMonitor and contributing data for analysis. As a proof-of-concept, we have developed a prototype of AntMonitor, deployed it to monitor 9 users for 2 months, and collected and analyzed 20 GB of mobile data from 151 applications. Preliminary results show that fine-grained data collected from AntMonitor could enable application classification with higher accuracy than state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, we demonstrated that AntMonitor could help prevent several apps from leaking private information over unencrypted traffic, including phone numbers, emails, and device identifiers.
移动设备在当今的互联网中扮演着至关重要的角色,人们对使用它们作为从边缘进行网络测量的有利位置越来越感兴趣。与此同时,这些设备存储着个人敏感信息,越来越多的应用程序泄露了这些信息。我们提出AntMonitor——这是同类系统中第一个支持(i)以尊重用户隐私偏好的方式收集大规模、语义丰富的网络流量和(ii)实时检测和防止私人信息泄露的系统。第一个特性使AntMonitor成为想要收集和分析大规模但细粒度移动测量的网络研究人员的强大工具。第二个属性可以作为使用AntMonitor并为分析提供数据的激励。作为概念验证,我们开发了一个AntMonitor的原型,对9个用户进行了2个月的监控,并从151个应用程序中收集和分析了20gb的移动数据。初步结果表明,从AntMonitor收集的细粒度数据可以使应用程序分类比最先进的方法具有更高的准确性。此外,我们还演示了AntMonitor可以帮助防止几个应用程序通过未加密的流量泄露私人信息,包括电话号码、电子邮件和设备标识符。
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引用次数: 9
Snooping Keystrokes with mm-level Audio Ranging on a Single Phone 监听按键与毫米级别的音频范围在一个单一的电话
Jian Liu, Yan Wang, Gorkem Kar, Yingying Chen, J. Yang, M. Gruteser
This paper explores the limits of audio ranging on mobile devices in the context of a keystroke snooping scenario. Acoustic keystroke snooping is challenging because it requires distinguishing and labeling sounds generated by tens of keys in very close proximity. Existing work on acoustic keystroke recognition relies on training with labeled data, linguistic context, or multiple phones placed around a keyboard --- requirements that limit usefulness in an adversarial context. In this work, we show that mobile audio hardware advances can be exploited to discriminate mm-level position differences and that this makes it feasible to locate the origin of keystrokes from only a single phone behind the keyboard. The technique clusters keystrokes using time-difference of arrival measurements as well as acoustic features to identify multiple strokes of the same key. It then computes the origin of these sounds precise enough to identify and label each key. By locating keystrokes this technique avoids the need for labeled training data or linguistic context. Experiments with three types of keyboards and off-the-shelf smartphones demonstrate scenarios where our system can recover $94%$ of keystrokes, which to our knowledge, is the first single-device technique that enables acoustic snooping of passwords.
本文探讨了在击键窥探场景的背景下,移动设备上音频测距的限制。声学击键窥探是具有挑战性的,因为它需要区分和标记由非常接近的数十个键产生的声音。现有的声学击键识别工作依赖于标签数据、语言环境或键盘周围放置的多部手机的训练,这些要求限制了在对抗环境中的实用性。在这项工作中,我们展示了移动音频硬件的进步可以用来区分毫米级别的位置差异,这使得仅从键盘后面的单个手机定位击键的起源成为可能。该技术利用到达测量的时间差和声学特征对击键进行聚类,以识别同一键的多个击键。然后,它会计算这些声音的来源,精确到足以识别和标记每个键。通过定位击键,该技术避免了对标记训练数据或语言上下文的需要。用三种类型的键盘和现成的智能手机进行的实验表明,我们的系统可以恢复94%的按键,据我们所知,这是第一个能够对密码进行声学窥探的单设备技术。
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引用次数: 141
Poster: On the Low-Cost and Distance-Adaptive Device-free Localization 海报:关于低成本和距离自适应的无设备定位
Chen Liu, Dingyi Fang, Hongbo Jiang, Xiaojiang Chen, Zhanyong Tang, Ju Wang, Weike Nie
This poster introduces JRD, a novel device-free localization system which can achieve high accuracy with low cost and little human effort, and is even robust to different scenarios. Unlike the previous Radio Signal Strength (RSS)-based systems which depend on the dense deployment to provide high accuracy, JRD extracts the fine-grained RSS distributions of a single link and presents a voting algorithm based on multi-link to identify the object location accurately while maintaining a low-cost deployment. Furthermore, JRD is flexible to different scenarios by using the transferring technique with less time-consuming and human effort. Experimental results show that JRD can improve the localization accuracy by up to 50% with less cost as compared with the existing RSS approaches.
这张海报介绍了一种新型的无设备定位系统JRD,它可以以低成本和少人力实现高精度,甚至对不同场景都具有鲁棒性。与以往基于无线电信号强度(RSS)的系统依赖于密集部署来提供高精度不同,JRD提取单个链路的细粒度RSS分布,并提出基于多链路的投票算法,在保持低成本部署的同时准确识别目标位置。此外,通过使用更少耗时和人力的转换技术,JRD可以灵活地适应不同的场景。实验结果表明,与现有的RSS方法相比,JRD的定位精度提高了50%以上,且成本较低。
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引用次数: 0
ABSENCE: Usage-based Failure Detection in Mobile Networks 缺席:移动网络中基于使用的故障检测
Binh Nguyen, Zihui Ge, J. Merwe, He Yan, J. Yates
We present our proposed ABSENCE system which detects service disruptions in mobile networks using aggregated customer usage data. ABSENCE monitors aggregated customer usage to detect when aggregated usage is lower than expected in a given geographic region (e.g., zip code), across a given customer device type, or for a given service. Such a drop in expected usage is interpreted as a sign of a potential service disruption being experienced in that region/device type/service. ABSENCE effectively deals with users' mobility and scales to detect failures in various mobile services (e.g., voice, data, SMS, MMS, etc). We perform a systematic evaluation of our proposed approach by introducing synthetic failures in measurements obtained from a US operator. We also compare our results with ground truth (real service disruptions) obtained from the mobile operator.
我们提出了我们提出的缺席系统,该系统使用汇总的客户使用数据来检测移动网络中的服务中断。缺席监视聚合的客户使用情况,以检测在给定地理区域(例如,邮政编码)、跨给定客户设备类型或给定服务中的聚合使用情况何时低于预期。这种预期使用量的下降被解释为该地区/设备类型/服务正在经历潜在的服务中断的迹象。缺席有效地处理用户的移动性和规模,以检测各种移动服务(如语音,数据,短信,彩信等)的故障。我们通过引入从一家美国运营商获得的测量数据中的综合故障,对我们提出的方法进行了系统评估。我们还将我们的结果与从移动运营商获得的实际情况(实际服务中断)进行了比较。
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引用次数: 24
期刊
Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking
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