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Poster: Can Smart Devices Protect Us from Violent Crime? 海报:智能设备能保护我们免受暴力犯罪吗?
Alan Ferrari, D. Puccinelli, S. Giordano
To explore the applicability of mobile smart devices to personal protection against violent crime, we propose a system that can detect the onset of hazardous situations involving violent crime by leveraging standard activity recognition strategies on smartphones and sensory inputs from wearable devices, as well as send help requests to alert the authorities.
为了探索移动智能设备对个人暴力犯罪保护的适用性,我们提出了一个系统,该系统可以利用智能手机上的标准活动识别策略和可穿戴设备的感官输入来检测涉及暴力犯罪的危险情况的发生,并向当局发送帮助请求。
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引用次数: 1
Poster: An Insomnia Therapy for Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks 海报:无线传感器网络中时钟同步的失眠治疗
Meng Jin, Dingyi Fang, Xiaojiang Chen, Lin X. Cai, Zhe Yang, Zhanyong Tang
Intermittent connection of wireless links, caused by low duty-cycle radio operation, harsh working environment, movement of sensor nodes, etc., makes clock synchronization a challenging task. Prior synchronization approaches in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) typically require that nodes exchange time messages frequently with the reference clock, which is difficult in networks with low or intermittent connectivity. This poster presents RobSync, a robust design for clock synchronization in intermittent-connected wireless networks. Having recognized that clock skew is highly correlated to the voltage supply, we use the local voltage information as a reference for clock self-calibration, which helps reduce the frequency of time-stamp exchanges. To prevent a misuse of the voltage information, leading to error accumulation, a re-synchronization interval adjustment design is developed to make a trade-off between accuracy and energy consumption. We present the theory behind RobSync, and provide preliminary results by experiments to compare our approach and the recent approach.
由于无线电工作的低占空比、恶劣的工作环境、传感器节点的运动等原因,导致无线链路的间歇性连接,使得时钟同步成为一项具有挑战性的任务。无线传感器网络(wsn)中的先验同步方法通常要求节点与参考时钟频繁交换时间消息,这在低连通性或间歇性连通性的网络中很难实现。这张海报介绍了RobSync,一个用于间歇连接无线网络时钟同步的健壮设计。在认识到时钟偏差与电压供应高度相关之后,我们使用本地电压信息作为时钟自校准的参考,这有助于减少时间戳交换的频率。为了防止误用电压信息,导致误差积累,开发了一种重新同步间隔调整设计,以在精度和能耗之间进行权衡。我们介绍了RobSync背后的理论,并通过实验提供了初步结果,以比较我们的方法和最近的方法。
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引用次数: 0
CIDER: Enabling Robustness-Power Tradeoffs on a Computational Eyeglass CIDER:在计算眼镜上实现鲁棒性-功率权衡
A. Mayberry, Yamin Tun, Pan Hu, Duncan Smith-Freedman, Deepak Ganesan, Benjamin M Marlin, C. Salthouse
The human eye offers a fascinating window into an individual's health, cognitive attention, and decision making, but we lack the ability to continually measure these parameters in the natural environment. The challenges lie in: a) handling the complexity of continuous high-rate sensing from a camera and processing the image stream to estimate eye parameters, and b) dealing with the wide variability in illumination conditions in the natural environment. This paper explores the power--robustness tradeoffs inherent in the design of a wearable eye tracker, and proposes a novel staged architecture that enables graceful adaptation across the spectrum of real-world illumination. We propose CIDER, a system that operates in a highly optimized low-power mode under indoor settings by using a fast Search-Refine controller to track the eye, but detects when the environment switches to more challenging outdoor sunlight and switches models to operate robustly under this condition. Our design is holistic and tackles a) power consumption in digitizing pixels, estimating pupillary parameters, and illuminating the eye via near-infrared, b) error in estimating pupil center and pupil dilation, and c) model training procedures that involve zero effort from a user. We demonstrate that CIDER can estimate pupil center with error less than two pixels (0.6O), and pupil diameter with error of one pixel (0.22mm). Our end-to-end results show that we can operate at power levels of roughly 7mW at a 4Hz eye tracking rate, or roughly 32mW at rates upwards of 250Hz.
人类的眼睛为观察个人的健康、认知注意力和决策能力提供了一个迷人的窗口,但我们缺乏在自然环境中持续测量这些参数的能力。挑战在于:a)处理来自相机的连续高速率传感的复杂性,并处理图像流以估计眼睛参数;b)处理自然环境中照明条件的广泛变化。本文探讨了可穿戴式眼动仪设计中固有的功率-鲁棒性权衡,并提出了一种新颖的分阶段架构,可以在现实世界的照明范围内进行优雅的适应。我们提出了CIDER,这是一个在室内设置下高度优化的低功耗模式下运行的系统,通过使用快速搜索-精炼控制器来跟踪眼睛,但当环境切换到更具挑战性的室外阳光时,它会检测到,并在这种条件下切换模型以稳定运行。我们的设计是整体的,并解决了a)数字化像素,估计瞳孔参数和通过近红外照亮眼睛的功耗,b)估计瞳孔中心和瞳孔扩张的误差,以及c)模型训练程序,无需用户付出任何努力。我们证明了CIDER可以估计瞳孔中心,误差小于2个像素(0.6),瞳孔直径误差小于1个像素(0.22mm)。我们的端到端结果表明,我们可以在4Hz眼动追踪速率下以大约7mW的功率水平运行,或者在250Hz以上的速率下以大约32mW的功率水平运行。
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引用次数: 19
Demo: Wireless Link Selection on Smartphone: Throughput vs Battery Drain 演示:智能手机上的无线链路选择:吞吐量与电池消耗
K. Grochla, Pawel Foremski
The method for automatic selection of wireless interface on smart phones is presented. We consider the selection between WiFi and LTE / 3G radios to maximize the throughput of the data transmission and minimize the amount of energy used to scan and measure the throughput of the network. The proposed selection algorithm defines when to measure and how to estimate the network throughput to balance between the accuracy of the selection and the battery drain caused by the measurements. The link speed estimation method optimized for LTE and WiFi networks is also demonstrated
介绍了智能手机无线接口的自动选择方法。我们考虑在WiFi和LTE / 3G无线电之间进行选择,以最大限度地提高数据传输的吞吐量,并尽量减少用于扫描和测量网络吞吐量的能量。提出的选择算法定义了何时测量以及如何估计网络吞吐量,以平衡选择的准确性和测量引起的电池损耗。本文还演示了针对LTE和WiFi网络优化的链路速度估计方法
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引用次数: 2
mZig mZig
L. Kong, Xuemei Liu
This paper presents mZig, a novel physical layer design that enables a receiver to simultaneously decode multiple packets from different transmitters in ZigBee. As a low-power and low-cost wireless protocol, the promising ZigBee has been widely used in sensor networks, cyber-physical systems, and smart buildings. Since ZigBee based networks usually adopt tree or cluster topology, the convergecast scenarios are common in which multiple transmitters need to send packets to one receiver. For example, in a smart home, all appliances report data to one control plane via ZigBee. However, concurrent transmissions in convergecast lead to the severe collision problem. The conventional ZigBee avoids collisions using backoff time, which introduces additional time overhead. Advanced methods resolve collisions instead of avoidance, in which the state-of-the-art ZigZag resolves one m-packet collision requiring m retransmissions. We propose mZig to resolve one m-packet collision by this collision itself, so the theoretical throughput is improved m-fold. Leveraging the unique features in ZigBee's physical layer including its chip rate, half-sine pulse shaping and O-QPSK modulation, mZig subtly decomposes multiple packets from one collision in baseband signal processing. The practical factors of noise, multipath, and frequency offset are taken into account in mZig design. We implement mZig on USRPs and establish a seven-node testbed. Experiment results demonstrate that mZig can receive up to four concurrent packets in our testbed. The throughput of mZig is 4.5x of the conventional ZigBee and 3.2x of ZigZag in the convergecast with four or more transmitters.
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引用次数: 64
Kaleido: You Can Watch It But Cannot Record It 卡雷多:你可以看,但不能记录
Lan Zhang, Cheng Bo, Jiahui Hou, Xiangyang Li, Yang Wang, Kebin Liu, Yunhao Liu
Recently a number of systems have been developed to implement and improve the visual communication over screen-camera links. In this paper we study an opposite problem: how to prevent unauthorized users from videotaping a video played on a screen, such as in a theater, while do not affect the viewing experience of legitimate audiences. We propose and develop a light-weight hardware-free system, called Kaleido, that ensures these properties by taking advantage of the limited disparities between the screen-eye channel and the screen-camera channel. Kaleido does not require any extra hardware and is purely based on re-encoding the original video frame into multiple frames used for displaying. We extensively test our system Kaleido using a variety of smartphone cameras. Our experiments confirm that Kaleido preserves the high-quality screen-eye channel while reducing the secondary screen-camera channel quality significantly.
最近已经开发了一些系统来实现和改进屏幕摄像机链路上的视觉通信。在本文中,我们研究了一个相反的问题:如何防止未经授权的用户在不影响合法观众观看体验的情况下拍摄屏幕上播放的视频,例如在剧院中。我们提出并开发了一种轻量级的无硬件系统,称为Kaleido,它通过利用屏幕眼通道和屏幕摄像头通道之间的有限差异来确保这些特性。Kaleido不需要任何额外的硬件,纯粹是基于将原始视频帧重新编码为用于显示的多个帧。我们使用各种智能手机相机广泛测试我们的系统Kaleido。我们的实验证实,Kaleido保留了高质量的屏眼通道,同时显著降低了副屏摄像头通道质量。
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引用次数: 34
Rethinking Energy-Performance Trade-Off in Mobile Web Page Loading 重新思考移动网页加载中的能源性能权衡
D. H. Bui, Yunxin Liu, Hyosu Kim, I. Shin, Feng Zhao
Web browsing is a key application on mobile devices. However, mobile browsers are largely optimized for performance, imposing a significant burden on power-hungry mobile devices. In this work, we aim to reduce the energy consumed to load web pages on smartphones, preferably without increasing page load time and compromising user experience. To this end, we first study the internals of web page loading on smartphones and identify its energy-inefficient behaviors. Based on our findings, we then derive general design principles for energy-efficient web page loading, and apply these principles to the open-source Chromium browser and implement our techniques on commercial smartphones. Experimental results show that our techniques are able to achieve a 24.4% average system energy saving for Chromium on a latest-generation big.LITTLE smartphone using WiFi (a 22.5% saving when using 3G), while not increasing average page load time. We also show that our proposed techniques can bring a 10.5% system energy saving on average with a small 1.69% increase in page load time for mobile Firefox web browser. User study results indicate that such a small increase in page load time is hardly perceivable.
网页浏览是移动设备上的一个关键应用。然而,移动浏览器在很大程度上是针对性能进行优化的,这给耗电的移动设备带来了巨大的负担。在这项工作中,我们的目标是减少在智能手机上加载网页所消耗的能量,最好是在不增加页面加载时间和损害用户体验的情况下。为此,我们首先研究了智能手机上网页加载的内部机制,并确定了其能效低下的行为。基于我们的发现,我们得出了节能网页加载的一般设计原则,并将这些原则应用于开源的Chromium浏览器,并将我们的技术应用于商用智能手机。实验结果表明,我们的技术能够在最新一代的大屏幕上实现平均24.4%的系统节能。LITTLE智能手机使用WiFi(使用3G时节省22.5%),同时不增加平均页面加载时间。我们还表明,我们提出的技术可以平均节省10.5%的系统能源,并使移动Firefox web浏览器的页面加载时间增加1.69%。用户研究结果表明,如此小的页面加载时间增加几乎无法察觉。
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引用次数: 66
Poster: ParkMaster: Leveraging Edge Computing in Visual Analytics 海报:ParkMaster:在视觉分析中利用边缘计算
Giulio Grassi, Matteo Sammarco, P. Bahl, K. Jamieson, G. Pau
In this work we propose ParkMaster, a low-cost crowdsourcing architecture which exploits machine learning techniques and vision algorithms to evaluate parking availability in cities. While the user is normally driving ParkMaster enables off the shelf smartphones to collect information about the presence of parked vehicles by running image recognition techniques on the phones camera video streaming. The paper describes the design of ParkMaster's architecture and shows the feasibility of deploying such mobile sensor system in nowadays smartphones, in particular focusing on the practicability of running vision algorithms on phones.
在这项工作中,我们提出了ParkMaster,这是一个低成本的众包架构,它利用机器学习技术和视觉算法来评估城市中的停车位可用性。当用户正常驾驶时,ParkMaster使现成的智能手机能够通过在手机上运行图像识别技术来收集有关停放车辆存在的信息。本文描述了ParkMaster的架构设计,并展示了在当今智能手机中部署这种移动传感器系统的可行性,特别关注在手机上运行视觉算法的实用性。
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引用次数: 9
Demo: Abstract: Live Adaptations of Low-power MAC Protocols 摘要:低功耗MAC协议的实时适配
Georgios Z. Papadopoulos, A. Gallais, G. Schreiner, Thomas Noël
This demonstration aims at observing in an interactive manner the impact of modification of preamble and sampling periods at the low-power family of MAC protocols, and thus, illustrating in real-time the energy consumption and delay performance of each node accordingly. To do so, we implemented the ability for users to generate traffic at some remote nodes that are involved in two distinct deployed topologies. Those deployed networks operate with either a statically configured network, by employing X-MAC on top of the Contiki OS, or T-AAD, a lightweight traffic auto-adaptive protocol that allows live and automatic modifications of duty-cycle configurations.
本演示旨在以交互的方式观察预处理周期和采样周期的修改对低功耗MAC协议家族的影响,从而实时说明每个节点的能耗和延迟性能。为此,我们为用户实现了在涉及两个不同部署拓扑的一些远程节点上生成流量的功能。这些部署的网络可以在静态配置的网络上运行,通过在Contiki操作系统上使用X-MAC,或者T-AAD,一种轻量级流量自适应协议,允许实时和自动修改占空比配置。
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引用次数: 1
Poster: 3D Printing Your Wireless Coverage 海报:3D打印你的无线覆盖
Justin Chan, Changxi Zheng, Xia Zhou
Figure 1: Overview of WiPrint system. User can input a floor plan, location of an AP and a desired signal map to the system. The desired signal pattern is marked with red and black regions indicating areas which should have strong and weak signals respectively. WiPrint uses an optimization algorithm to produce a reflector shape. This reflector is then fabricated and applied to an AP to achieve this desired signal pattern.
图1:WiPrint系统概述。用户可以输入平面图,AP的位置和所需的信号图到系统。所需的信号模式用红色和黑色区域标记,分别表示应该有强信号和弱信号的区域。WiPrint使用优化算法来产生反射器形状。然后制作该反射器并将其应用于AP以实现所需的信号模式。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking
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