Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2979/nsh.2023.a907307
Dorit Weiss
Abstract: Ida Wissotzky is among the nurses who made important but often overlooked contributions to the development of Israel's healthcare sector in the pre-state and early state years. Apart from her leadership roles in the young country's emergent hospital system, her career including working with Jewish refugees in British internment camps in Cyprus after the Holocaust, caring for wounded soldiers during and after the 1948 war, and supervising the care of new immigrants in Israel's absorption camps. This article describes some of the most important junctures in Israel's nursing history, from the last decade of the British Mandate in Palestine through the early decades of the State of Israel, as they were experienced by one determined and compassionate woman who aspired to combine pioneering nursing work with involvement in the political and ideological struggles of the nation-building years. It thereby contributes to a better understanding of women's impact on the development of nursing in Israel.
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Reviewed by: From the Jewish Provinces: Selected Stories by Fradl Shtok, Jordan D. Finkin and Allison Schachter Anastasiya Lyubas (bio) Fradl Shtok From the Jewish Provinces: Selected Stories translated from the Yiddish by Jordan D. Finkin and Allison Schachter Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2022. 105 pp. This volume initiates two critical conversations. The first is with Fradl Shtok, the author, and her brilliant Yiddish texts, published in New York almost a century ago, launching Shtok's literary career and sealing her literary legacy. The second engagement is with the few texts translated into English two and more decades ago by various translators. Finkin and Schachter translate Shtok in a new way and for a new generation of readers. The present collection presents a significant number of Shtok's stories from Gezamelte ertsehlungen (1919) in a single book, facilitating appraisal of the author's modernist style by twenty-first-century readers. Fradl Shtok (1890–1990?), born in Skala, Galicia, on the border between Austria-Hungary and Russia, immigrated to New York at 17 and published her collected stories at 29. The book was harshly criticized by poet and critic Aaron Glantz-Leyeles, who saw in Shtok not a deft stylist but a woman writer whose contributions to Yiddish he disparaged. She published nothing more in Yiddish after her debut and instead switched to English; her novel Musicians Only appeared in 1927. Shtok lived with mental illness and was institutionalized. The biographical note on her in the Leksikon fun der nayer yidisher literatur, edited by Shmuel Niger and Jacob Shatsky et al., indicates that she died at a resort sometime in the 1930s, but she seems in fact to have lived to a ripe old age. The introduction to From the Jewish Provinces provides insight into details of Shtok's complex life and literary destiny, and it illuminates the inadequate reception of her literary work: Critical engagement with her poetic output pigeonholed her as a writer of sonnets; her narrative-prose talents went unrepresented in various anthologies of Yiddish writing; and, ultimately, she was excluded from the canon of Yiddish letters. The English-language selection of Shtok's prose provided by Finkin and Schachter has two principal parts: European Stories and American Stories. The title, From the Jewish Provinces, captures aspects of Shtok's lived experience [End Page 184] in the Old World and the New and highlights, more broadly, the Jewish experience of the many immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian provinces who settled in New York's Lower East Side. The short third section, which contains just one story, "A Fur Salesman," stands apart. Published in 1942 in the Forward and discovered by Joachim Neugroschel in 2002, it epitomizes the maturation of Shtok's style of free indirect discourse, even as it departs from her focus on women as the main characters of her previous stories and instead centers on the masculinist ethos of the fur sale
书评:《来自犹太省份:故事选集》，作者:弗拉德·什托克、乔丹·d·芬金和艾莉森·沙切特·埃文斯顿，《来自犹太省份:故事选集》，作者:乔丹·d·芬金和艾莉森·沙切特·埃文斯顿，伊利诺伊州:西北大学出版社，2022年。105页。这本书引发了两个关键的对话。第一个是与作家弗拉德·什托克(Fradl Shtok)和她出色的意第绪语文本的合作，这些文本近一个世纪前在纽约出版，开启了什托克的文学生涯，并奠定了她的文学遗产。第二部分涉及到二十多年前由不同的译者翻译成英文的少数文本。Finkin和Schachter以一种新的方式为新一代读者翻译了Shtok。本作品集将Shtok在1919年出版的《Gezamelte ertsehlungen》中的大量故事集中在一本书中，便于21世纪读者对作者的现代主义风格进行评价。弗拉德·施托克(1890-1990 ?)，出生于奥匈帝国和俄罗斯交界的加利西亚的斯卡拉，17岁移民到纽约，29岁出版故事集。这本书受到诗人兼评论家亚伦·格兰茨-莱耶斯(Aaron Glantz-Leyeles)的严厉批评，他认为Shtok不是一个熟练的造型师，而是一个他贬低了对意第绪语贡献的女作家。出道后，她不再用意第绪语发表任何作品，而是改用英语;她的小说《音乐家》只出版于1927年。Shtok患有精神疾病，被送进了精神病院。Shmuel Niger和Jacob Shatsky等人编辑的《Leksikon fun der nayer yidisher文学》中关于她的传记笔记表明，她于20世纪30年代的某个时候在一个度假胜地去世，但实际上她似乎活到了一个成熟的晚年。《来自犹太省份》的导言提供了对Shtok复杂生活和文学命运细节的深入了解，并阐明了对她文学作品的不充分接受:对她的诗歌作品的批评将她归类为十四行诗作家;她的叙事散文才能在各种意第绪语写作选集中都没有得到体现;最终，她被排除在意第绪字母的正典之外。Finkin和Schachter提供的Shtok的英文散文选集有两个主要部分:欧洲故事和美国故事。书名《来自犹太省份》(From The Jewish Provinces)捕捉了Shtok在旧世界和新世界的生活经历，更广泛地强调了许多来自奥匈帝国省份的移民在纽约下东区定居的犹太经历。第三部分很短，只有一个故事，“一个皮草推销员”，与众不同。这本书于1942年发表在《前进》杂志上，2002年被约阿希姆·纽格罗谢尔(Joachim Neugroschel)发现，它体现了Shtok自由间接话语风格的成熟，尽管它偏离了她之前小说中以女性为主要人物的关注点，而是以皮草推销员的男性主义精神为中心。从开篇故事《第一列火车》(the First Train)到《皮草推销员》(A Fur Salesman)，编辑们带读者踏上了一段精心策划的旅程，探索Shtok的创造性表达。这18个欧洲故事以不同的语境和化身展现了欲望和幻想。正如Finkin和Schachter在前言中敏锐地观察到的那样，Shtok的阶段是“与幻想和语言的关系”。性爱欲望的故事多种多样:Rukhl幻想勾引一个外邦邮递员，她称她为krasna，“美丽”(《磨坊旁》);福尔被一个非犹太工人的声音迷住了(“大主教”);Shifra迷恋上了一个来到镇上的表演者(“夜魔侠”)。《维伯恩》、《杏仁》和《梨树》都表达了对食物的渴望——有些是奢侈的，有些是普通的，但总是超出了必需品——这暴露了对一种不同生活的根深蒂固的渴望，这种生活似乎超出了“来自外省”的犹太妇女所能企及的范围。这种渴望成为浪漫欲望、幻想和快乐的替代品，甚至是对孩子的希望，无法满足的渴望。现实与幻想之间的冲突出现在《白色的毛皮》中，马尼亚的幻想没有实现，因为在俄罗斯“那里没有白色的毛皮”;在《弗里德里希·席勒》中，爱尔卡的优雅和对早已去世的德国诗人弗里德里希·席勒的渴望与她的世俗形成对比……
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2979/nsh.2023.a907304
Galina Zelenina
Abstract: After the seventy-year break in religious life under the Soviet regime, Jewish communities in Russia revived and multiplied, now consisting mostly of new "returnees to the faith," ba'alei and ba'alot teshuvah . This article, based on biographical interviews and other sources, examines the outlook, self-image and everyday life of women "returnees," ba'alot teshuvah , in a contemporary community of Lubavitch Hasidim in Moscow. Chabad women's claims to modernity and their understanding of it, their view of their community and the social hierarchies in it, and their prioritizing of religious practice over meaning and of action over belief are examined in the contexts of women's religiosity in historical Hasidism, in present-day ultra-Orthodox communities in Israel and America, and in other traditional cultures (focusing on the "alternative modernity" of voluntarily traditional subjects) and in light of Lubavitch movement policies, late Soviet "authoritative discourse" and the current Russian move toward "conservative modernization."
{"title":"\"To a Tanya Lesson in High-Heeled Shoes\": Observance, Modernity and Deviance in the Moscow Chabad Community","authors":"Galina Zelenina","doi":"10.2979/nsh.2023.a907304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/nsh.2023.a907304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: After the seventy-year break in religious life under the Soviet regime, Jewish communities in Russia revived and multiplied, now consisting mostly of new \"returnees to the faith,\" ba'alei and ba'alot teshuvah . This article, based on biographical interviews and other sources, examines the outlook, self-image and everyday life of women \"returnees,\" ba'alot teshuvah , in a contemporary community of Lubavitch Hasidim in Moscow. Chabad women's claims to modernity and their understanding of it, their view of their community and the social hierarchies in it, and their prioritizing of religious practice over meaning and of action over belief are examined in the contexts of women's religiosity in historical Hasidism, in present-day ultra-Orthodox communities in Israel and America, and in other traditional cultures (focusing on the \"alternative modernity\" of voluntarily traditional subjects) and in light of Lubavitch movement policies, late Soviet \"authoritative discourse\" and the current Russian move toward \"conservative modernization.\"","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2979/nsh.2023.a907306
Elisa Klapheck
Abstract: The following essay describes a typical uneasiness with regard to the reception of the intellectual legacy of German-Jewish women thinkers like Hannah Arendt, Bertha Pappenheim, Regina Jonas and Margarete Susman. The material reality of the large role played by such Jewish women thinkers may have vanished in the Shoah. Their Jewish intellectual descendants in Germany today have built upon their work, but that work takes place in contested territory, where other, non-Jewish scholars also lay claim to this legacy. In this personal reflection, I analyze the different motivations of non-Jewish and Jewish feminists in post-Shoah Germany to engage with Jewish thinkers. Certainly, the conflicts are also about academic power and the control of interpretation. Yet, they have a political quality that is interesting in and of itself, one that underlines the far-reaching impact of the intellectual legacy of Jewish women thinkers in societal discourse in Germany today.
{"title":"A Jewish Reclaiming of German-Jewish Women Thinkers","authors":"Elisa Klapheck","doi":"10.2979/nsh.2023.a907306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/nsh.2023.a907306","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The following essay describes a typical uneasiness with regard to the reception of the intellectual legacy of German-Jewish women thinkers like Hannah Arendt, Bertha Pappenheim, Regina Jonas and Margarete Susman. The material reality of the large role played by such Jewish women thinkers may have vanished in the Shoah. Their Jewish intellectual descendants in Germany today have built upon their work, but that work takes place in contested territory, where other, non-Jewish scholars also lay claim to this legacy. In this personal reflection, I analyze the different motivations of non-Jewish and Jewish feminists in post-Shoah Germany to engage with Jewish thinkers. Certainly, the conflicts are also about academic power and the control of interpretation. Yet, they have a political quality that is interesting in and of itself, one that underlines the far-reaching impact of the intellectual legacy of Jewish women thinkers in societal discourse in Germany today.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Unique realities influenced the development of the military nursing profession in Israel. While other countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, established military hospitals staffed by separately trained military nurses, conditions in Israel led to the development of interlocking military and civilian healthcare sectors, as the young country responded simultaneously to healthcare needs brought on by war, ongoing attacks on civilians, and massive waves of immigrants, including European Holocaust survivors and Jews from Arab countries. Relying on an analysis of documents in multiple archives, contemporaneous newspaper articles and interviews conducted with nurses who served in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the 1956 Sinai Campaign, this paper describes the development of the nursing profession in Israel through 1958, when military nursing was fully established as part of the civilian health sector, a reality that continues to the present.
{"title":"The Shaping of Military Nursing in Israel: 1947–1958","authors":"Ronen Segev","doi":"10.2979/nashim.42.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/nashim.42.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Unique realities influenced the development of the military nursing profession in Israel. While other countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, established military hospitals staffed by separately trained military nurses, conditions in Israel led to the development of interlocking military and civilian healthcare sectors, as the young country responded simultaneously to healthcare needs brought on by war, ongoing attacks on civilians, and massive waves of immigrants, including European Holocaust survivors and Jews from Arab countries. Relying on an analysis of documents in multiple archives, contemporaneous newspaper articles and interviews conducted with nurses who served in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the 1956 Sinai Campaign, this paper describes the development of the nursing profession in Israel through 1958, when military nursing was fully established as part of the civilian health sector, a reality that continues to the present.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: This article discusses the circles of forgetting of the memory of Anikó (Hannah) Szenes (1921–1944) in Hungary, from the end of World War II through the illiberal turn in memory politics that began in the 2010s. This process of forgetting resulted in a canonized history of her life, highlighting different elements of her story in different periods while omitting other parts and condemning her to oblivion in postwar Hungary, her native land, where she spent 19 of her 23 years. These different memory circles are bound up with much-debated elements of twentieth-century Hungarian, European and Israeli history that intersect precisely in the narration of Szenes's tragically short life story. As a leftist, a Jew, a woman, a left-wing Zionist and a writer, Szenes was too much and too complex to digest for the traumatized postwar history of Hungarian Jewry, which rests on silencing and forgetting. I first present the methodological problems of gendered memory and then map the intersecting circles of forgetting of Szenes's life. I conclude by analyzing the memorial events in Hungary around the 100th anniversary of Szenes's birth in 2021 as an example of illiberal memory politics.
{"title":"The Invisible Anikó Szenes","authors":"Andrea Pető","doi":"10.2979/nashim.42.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/nashim.42.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article discusses the circles of forgetting of the memory of Anikó (Hannah) Szenes (1921–1944) in Hungary, from the end of World War II through the illiberal turn in memory politics that began in the 2010s. This process of forgetting resulted in a canonized history of her life, highlighting different elements of her story in different periods while omitting other parts and condemning her to oblivion in postwar Hungary, her native land, where she spent 19 of her 23 years. These different memory circles are bound up with much-debated elements of twentieth-century Hungarian, European and Israeli history that intersect precisely in the narration of Szenes's tragically short life story. As a leftist, a Jew, a woman, a left-wing Zionist and a writer, Szenes was too much and too complex to digest for the traumatized postwar history of Hungarian Jewry, which rests on silencing and forgetting. I first present the methodological problems of gendered memory and then map the intersecting circles of forgetting of Szenes's life. I conclude by analyzing the memorial events in Hungary around the 100th anniversary of Szenes's birth in 2021 as an example of illiberal memory politics.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2979/nsh.2023.a907311
Reviewed by: When Rabbis Abuse: Power, Gender, and Status in the Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Jewish Culture by Elana Sztokman Michal Kravel-Tovi (bio) Elana Sztokman When Rabbis Abuse: Power, Gender, and Status in the Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Jewish Culture Lioness Books and Media, 2022 When do rabbis abuse? Potentially, at any given time. What kinds of social structures and cultural tenets unfold on the occasions when rabbis abuse? Ones that facilitate the exploitation of power and the manipulation of otherwise valuable Jewish and human values. In When Rabbis Abuse: Power, Gender, and Status in the Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Jewish Culture, Elena Sztokman asks these and other important questions, illuminating in a sincere, sensitive and lucid narrative the dynamics of abuse by rabbis, a phenomenon that is both pervasive and overlooked. This is the raison d'etre of Sztokman's book, and also its merit: It is an empirically solid, comprehensive and well-informed account of sexual abuse in Jewish communal and institutional settings. The ethnographic grounding of this account is all the more significant, given the relatively thin availability of reliable quantitative data on abuse in Jewish contexts, and the apposite research tools offered by ethnographic methodology, relying upon rapport, nuanced analysis and inductive ways of thinking. The book is based on an impressive collection of testimonies, gathered from a variety of platforms and encounters. Brought together, they present an unflattering portrait of the malaise of sexual violence and trauma in Jewish spaces and of the too slow, too late responses to it by stakeholders in Jewish organizations and communities. Given the thick silence that clearly saturates the issue of sexual abuse in Jewish and other settings, Sztokman's book performs an important service to the Jewish public at large, which, like many other publics, would rather not know about the horrifying things happening in its midst or, even worse, knows about it but chooses nevertheless to remain silent. Writing against the grain of silence, denial and a culture of cover-up, Sztokman insists on bringing the voices of victim-survivors into the public sphere and on listening to them without searching suspiciously for gaps in coherence and validity. In so doing, she is attuned not only to these critical and suppressed voices, but also to what sociologist Eviatar Zerubavel calls "the social sound of silence."1 [End Page 188] The book is framed as a prod for a collective demand for justice and accountability. It is an expression of engaged scholarship, urgently fusing activist and academic perspectives, claiming and demonstrating their synergetic force. In fact, Sztokman's interest in abuse developed from her lifelong activist, feminist engagement with mesuravot get—Jewish women denied divorce by their husbands—her anthropological sensibilities and skills deepening her understanding of this particular phenomenon. Both these elements, th
《当拉比滥用:犹太文化中性侵犯动态中的权力、性别和地位》作者:Elana Sztokman michael Kravel-Tovi(传译)Elana Sztokman《当拉比滥用:犹太文化中性侵犯动态中的权力、性别和地位》Lioness Books and Media, 2022可能，在任何给定的时间。当拉比滥用职权的时候，什么样的社会结构和文化信条会显露出来?那些有利于权力的利用和对犹太人和人类价值观的操纵。在《当拉比虐待:犹太文化中性侵犯动态中的权力、性别和地位》一书中，埃琳娜·什托克曼提出了这些和其他重要问题，以真诚、敏感和清晰的叙述阐明了拉比虐待的动态，这是一种既普遍又被忽视的现象。这是什托克曼这本书存在的理由，也是它的优点:它是对犹太社区和机构环境中的性侵犯的一种实证、全面和见多见广的描述。考虑到犹太人环境中虐待的可靠定量数据相对较少，以及民族志方法论提供的适当研究工具(依赖于融洽关系、细致入微的分析和归纳的思维方式)，这种说法的民族志基础更加重要。这本书是基于从各种平台和遭遇中收集的令人印象深刻的证词。综合起来，这些证据毫不留情地描绘了犹太空间中性暴力和性创伤的问题，以及犹太组织和社区的利益相关者对这一问题的反应太慢、太迟。考虑到在犹太人和其他环境中，性侵问题显然充斥着浓厚的沉默，什托克曼的书为广大犹太公众提供了重要的服务，他们和许多其他公众一样，宁愿不知道发生在他们中间的可怕事情，或者更糟的是，知道这件事，但仍然选择保持沉默。斯托克曼反对沉默、否认和掩盖的文化，坚持将受害者幸存者的声音带入公共领域，倾听他们的声音，而不是怀疑地寻找连贯性和有效性的差距。在这样做的过程中，她不仅适应了这些批评和压抑的声音，也适应了社会学家Eviatar Zerubavel所说的“社会沉默之声”。这本书的框架是对正义和责任的集体要求的刺激。这是一种参与学术的表达，迫切地融合了活动家和学术的观点，声称并展示了它们的协同力量。事实上，什托克曼对虐待的兴趣源于她一生都是积极分子，女权主义者，她参与了许多关于被丈夫拒绝离婚的犹太妇女的活动，她的人类学敏感性和技巧加深了她对这一特殊现象的理解。积极分子和学者这两个因素都紧密地交织在这本书的脉络中，塑造并激发了什托克曼试图解释一个以行善为豪的集体是如何首先促成这样的邪恶，然后忽视其成员的巨大痛苦的。不出所料，作者并没有——也不可能——为促使她首先进行这项研究的近乎存在主义的哲学困惑提供答案。但她确实设法找出了在各种社会虐待背景下起作用的一些社区、语言和宗教机制。最终，这篇学术论文是由一位充满爱心的犹太作家提供的，她运用专业知识和她自己作为幸存者的第一人称故事，揭露了理想与现实之间，使用与滥用权力之间不可容忍的差距。这本书是有意扩大范围，在广泛的关注，它给了动态在发挥作者所描述的犹太文化或犹太社区，跨越犹太教的教派和法律地理背景;它关注各种类型的性暴力，拉比领导的所有能力和指定，以及所有施虐者的档案。它旨在揭示性虐待对身体和灵魂、个人和集体的原因、动态和影响，它嵌入了性……
{"title":"When Rabbis Abuse: Power, Gender, and Status in the Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Jewish Culture by Elana Sztokman (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.2979/nsh.2023.a907311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/nsh.2023.a907311","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: When Rabbis Abuse: Power, Gender, and Status in the Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Jewish Culture by Elana Sztokman Michal Kravel-Tovi (bio) Elana Sztokman When Rabbis Abuse: Power, Gender, and Status in the Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Jewish Culture Lioness Books and Media, 2022 When do rabbis abuse? Potentially, at any given time. What kinds of social structures and cultural tenets unfold on the occasions when rabbis abuse? Ones that facilitate the exploitation of power and the manipulation of otherwise valuable Jewish and human values. In When Rabbis Abuse: Power, Gender, and Status in the Dynamics of Sexual Abuse in Jewish Culture, Elena Sztokman asks these and other important questions, illuminating in a sincere, sensitive and lucid narrative the dynamics of abuse by rabbis, a phenomenon that is both pervasive and overlooked. This is the raison d'etre of Sztokman's book, and also its merit: It is an empirically solid, comprehensive and well-informed account of sexual abuse in Jewish communal and institutional settings. The ethnographic grounding of this account is all the more significant, given the relatively thin availability of reliable quantitative data on abuse in Jewish contexts, and the apposite research tools offered by ethnographic methodology, relying upon rapport, nuanced analysis and inductive ways of thinking. The book is based on an impressive collection of testimonies, gathered from a variety of platforms and encounters. Brought together, they present an unflattering portrait of the malaise of sexual violence and trauma in Jewish spaces and of the too slow, too late responses to it by stakeholders in Jewish organizations and communities. Given the thick silence that clearly saturates the issue of sexual abuse in Jewish and other settings, Sztokman's book performs an important service to the Jewish public at large, which, like many other publics, would rather not know about the horrifying things happening in its midst or, even worse, knows about it but chooses nevertheless to remain silent. Writing against the grain of silence, denial and a culture of cover-up, Sztokman insists on bringing the voices of victim-survivors into the public sphere and on listening to them without searching suspiciously for gaps in coherence and validity. In so doing, she is attuned not only to these critical and suppressed voices, but also to what sociologist Eviatar Zerubavel calls \"the social sound of silence.\"1 [End Page 188] The book is framed as a prod for a collective demand for justice and accountability. It is an expression of engaged scholarship, urgently fusing activist and academic perspectives, claiming and demonstrating their synergetic force. In fact, Sztokman's interest in abuse developed from her lifelong activist, feminist engagement with mesuravot get—Jewish women denied divorce by their husbands—her anthropological sensibilities and skills deepening her understanding of this particular phenomenon. Both these elements, th","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: After the seventy-year break in religious life under the Soviet regime, Jewish communities in Russia revived and multiplied, now consisting mostly of new "returnees to the faith," ba'alei and ba'alot teshuvah . This article, based on biographical interviews and other sources, examines the outlook, self-image and everyday life of women "returnees," ba'alot teshuvah , in a contemporary community of Lubavitch Hasidim in Moscow. Chabad women's claims to modernity and their understanding of it, their view of their community and the social hierarchies in it, and their prioritizing of religious practice over meaning and of action over belief are examined in the contexts of women's religiosity in historical Hasidism, in present-day ultra-Orthodox communities in Israel and America, and in other traditional cultures (focusing on the "alternative modernity" of voluntarily traditional subjects) and in light of Lubavitch movement policies, late Soviet "authoritative discourse" and the current Russian move toward "conservative modernization."
{"title":"\"To a Tanya Lesson in High-Heeled Shoes\": Observance, Modernity and Deviance in the Moscow Chabad Community","authors":"Galina Zelenina","doi":"10.2979/nashim.42.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/nashim.42.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: After the seventy-year break in religious life under the Soviet regime, Jewish communities in Russia revived and multiplied, now consisting mostly of new \"returnees to the faith,\" ba'alei and ba'alot teshuvah . This article, based on biographical interviews and other sources, examines the outlook, self-image and everyday life of women \"returnees,\" ba'alot teshuvah , in a contemporary community of Lubavitch Hasidim in Moscow. Chabad women's claims to modernity and their understanding of it, their view of their community and the social hierarchies in it, and their prioritizing of religious practice over meaning and of action over belief are examined in the contexts of women's religiosity in historical Hasidism, in present-day ultra-Orthodox communities in Israel and America, and in other traditional cultures (focusing on the \"alternative modernity\" of voluntarily traditional subjects) and in light of Lubavitch movement policies, late Soviet \"authoritative discourse\" and the current Russian move toward \"conservative modernization.\"","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"688 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: This paper presents the life stories of six Jewish women who were born in Vienna, survived the Nazi persecution there or in camps, and stayed in Austria after the war. The subjects were chosen in an effort to reflect a diversity of fates, reactions and coping strategies and to offer a representative overview. I will discuss why these women did not leave Austria after the Nazi takeover, how they managed to survive the years of persecution, why they subsequently decided to remain in Austria, and how their sufferings influenced the course of their lives after liberation. As Marion Kaplan has shown for Germany, I argue that gender, class, age and family ties were important reasons for their choices to stay, both before and after the war.
{"title":"\"I Am a Conscious Jew and an Austrian\": Austrian Jewish Women Survivors in Post-Shoah Austria","authors":"Eleonore Lappin-Eppel","doi":"10.2979/nashim.42.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/nashim.42.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This paper presents the life stories of six Jewish women who were born in Vienna, survived the Nazi persecution there or in camps, and stayed in Austria after the war. The subjects were chosen in an effort to reflect a diversity of fates, reactions and coping strategies and to offer a representative overview. I will discuss why these women did not leave Austria after the Nazi takeover, how they managed to survive the years of persecution, why they subsequently decided to remain in Austria, and how their sufferings influenced the course of their lives after liberation. As Marion Kaplan has shown for Germany, I argue that gender, class, age and family ties were important reasons for their choices to stay, both before and after the war.","PeriodicalId":42498,"journal":{"name":"Nashim-A Journal of Jewish Womens Studies & Gender Issues","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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