An increase in the use of smart and portable devices like smartphones, laptops, and tablets has led to a rise in the number of network interfaces and thus the number of possible channels for communication. However, the current approach over the Internet only employs a single path for a communication session. As an innovative and promising method for real-time transmission based on GRE-in-UDP encapsulation, which provides an IPv4 or IPv6 tunneling mechanism, this paper presents multipath throughput testing for the MPT network layer multipath communication library. We investigated the effectiveness of MPT's channel capacity aggregation while dealing with wired channels and examined scenarios in symmetric and asymmetric paths. Our network throughput measurements showed that MPT can efficiently aggregate the capacities of both symmetric and asymmetric paths. In this paper, we established a network topology that included a server, which we used for generating various quality of service (QoS) metrics. We measured how latency, transmission speed, packet loss rate, jitter, and the setting of the path weights influence throughput aggregation capability of the MPT communication library.
{"title":"Effect of Path QoS on Throughput Aggregation Capability of the MPT Network Layer Multipath Communication Library","authors":"Naseer Al-Imareen, G. Lencse","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"An increase in the use of smart and portable devices like smartphones, laptops, and tablets has led to a rise in the number of network interfaces and thus the number of possible channels for communication. However, the current approach over the Internet only employs a single path for a communication session. As an innovative and promising method for real-time transmission based on GRE-in-UDP encapsulation, which provides an IPv4 or IPv6 tunneling mechanism, this paper presents multipath throughput testing for the MPT network layer multipath communication library. We investigated the effectiveness of MPT's channel capacity aggregation while dealing with wired channels and examined scenarios in symmetric and asymmetric paths. Our network throughput measurements showed that MPT can efficiently aggregate the capacities of both symmetric and asymmetric paths. In this paper, we established a network topology that included a server, which we used for generating various quality of service (QoS) metrics. We measured how latency, transmission speed, packet loss rate, jitter, and the setting of the path weights influence throughput aggregation capability of the MPT communication library.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89195946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internet access subscribers expect a satisfying quality of experience for any accessed service, independently from time, place, and service- and content-type. Besides the everincreasing amount of Internet data, the spectrum of video service platforms offering sharing and streaming also got significantly more comprehensive. Internet access providers try to avoid the exhaustion of network bandwidth by investing in network capacity or setting up higher-level resource management within their infrastructure. The primary question in this domain is how resource management constrains the subscriber to access an arbitrary service and experience good service quality.This question directly relates to network neutrality fundamentals. This paper presents a real-time full-reference objective method to assess network neutrality. It contributes three novelties to support user-centric analysis of potential restraints affecting Internet access quality: i) the proposal supports application-specific measurements and involves real content and real traffic, ii) the measured traffic originates from the content provider’s cloud infrastructure, iii) reference is created in real time. Accordingly, the proposal introduces a novel measurement layout. The key component is the emulated client that provides the real-time reference by emulating the access properties of the real client and accessing the same content simultaneously. We demonstrate the method’s feasibility with an applicationaware proof-of-concept use case: video streaming from a public VoD provider. We have validated the method against the emulated network parameters using an extensive series of laboratory measurements.
{"title":"Application-Aware Analysis of Network Neutrality: A Scalable Real-Time Method","authors":"P. Orosz, T. Skopko, Tamás Marosits","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Internet access subscribers expect a satisfying quality of experience for any accessed service, independently from time, place, and service- and content-type. Besides the everincreasing amount of Internet data, the spectrum of video service platforms offering sharing and streaming also got significantly more comprehensive. Internet access providers try to avoid the exhaustion of network bandwidth by investing in network capacity or setting up higher-level resource management within their infrastructure. The primary question in this domain is how resource management constrains the subscriber to access an arbitrary service and experience good service quality.This question directly relates to network neutrality fundamentals. This paper presents a real-time full-reference objective method to assess network neutrality. It contributes three novelties to support user-centric analysis of potential restraints affecting Internet access quality: i) the proposal supports application-specific measurements and involves real content and real traffic, ii) the measured traffic originates from the content provider’s cloud infrastructure, iii) reference is created in real time. Accordingly, the proposal introduces a novel measurement layout. The key component is the emulated client that provides the real-time reference by emulating the access properties of the real client and accessing the same content simultaneously. We demonstrate the method’s feasibility with an applicationaware proof-of-concept use case: video streaming from a public VoD provider. We have validated the method against the emulated network parameters using an extensive series of laboratory measurements.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80233117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Nsaif, Gergely Kovásznai, Ali Malik, Ruairí de Fréin
The increasing power consumption of Data Center Networks (DCN) is becoming a major concern for network operators. The object of this paper is to provide a survey of state-of-the-art methods for reducing energy consumption via (1) enhanced scheduling and (2) enhanced aggregation of traffic flows using Software-Defined Networks (SDN), focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. We tackle a gap in the literature for a review of SDN-based energy saving techniques and discuss the limitations of multi-controller solutions in terms of constraints on their performance. The main finding of this survey paper is that the two classes of SDNbased methods, scheduling and flow aggregation, significantly reduce energy consumption in DCNs. We also suggest that Machine Learning has the potential to further improve these classes of solutions and argue that hybrid ML-based solutions are the next frontier for the field. The perspective gained as a consequence of this analysis is that advanced ML-based solutions and multi-controller-based solutions may address the limitations of the state-of-the-art, and should be further explored for energy optimization in DCNs.
{"title":"Survey of Routing Techniques-Based Optimization of Energy Consumption in SD-DCN","authors":"M. Nsaif, Gergely Kovásznai, Ali Malik, Ruairí de Fréin","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing power consumption of Data Center Networks (DCN) is becoming a major concern for network operators. The object of this paper is to provide a survey of state-of-the-art methods for reducing energy consumption via (1) enhanced scheduling and (2) enhanced aggregation of traffic flows using Software-Defined Networks (SDN), focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. We tackle a gap in the literature for a review of SDN-based energy saving techniques and discuss the limitations of multi-controller solutions in terms of constraints on their performance. The main finding of this survey paper is that the two classes of SDNbased methods, scheduling and flow aggregation, significantly reduce energy consumption in DCNs. We also suggest that Machine Learning has the potential to further improve these classes of solutions and argue that hybrid ML-based solutions are the next frontier for the field. The perspective gained as a consequence of this analysis is that advanced ML-based solutions and multi-controller-based solutions may address the limitations of the state-of-the-art, and should be further explored for energy optimization in DCNs.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80622706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the constant increase in public transit coverage in Bangkok Metropolitan Area in Thailand, many people are still hesitant to switch from using private to public transit, with one potential cause being the unavailability and difficulty in accessing accurate and timely information about their itineraries, while they are commuting. To assess and tackle such issues, the researchers adopted the user-centric Design Thinking methodology to empathize with target users' pain points in this study. They proposed a solution in a user-centric manner by assessing the usability flaws of existing mobile navigation applications, such as Google Maps and ViaBus. By developing a holistic mobile application called 'Disgovery' that covers all modes of public transit in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area and provides relevant information about their trips, the researchers aim to help commuters in Bangkok easily access it in a timely fashion. Through the user-friendly interface, commuters can eliminate the difficulty of finding routes and prices suitable to their needs. By making public transit more accessible with the help of ubiquitous mobile computing, commuters are also encouraged to switch from using private vehicles to public transit, which also can reduce accidents and carbon emissions. The findings from the usability testing in this study suggest that 'Disgovery' is an effective and user-friendly application for daily commuters in Bangkok that can help them achieve their goals without difficulties. The findings also indicate the importance of user interface and user experience guidelines in designing such applications.
{"title":"Design and Development of a User-Centered Mobile Application for Intermodal Public Transit in Bangkok: A Design Thinking Approach","authors":"Nantanit Vittayaphorn, Gawin Lohaburananont, Jinnipha Bhumtakwong, Kritasak Udompongsanont, Mami Uchida, Napat Asavarojkul, Phatsakorn Rodphol, Pongsapak Sajjapong, Rapeekorn Boonribsong, Sahutchai Chanthateyanonth, Tanaseth Julerttrakul, A. Pyae","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.si-iodcr.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.si-iodcr.7","url":null,"abstract":"With the constant increase in public transit coverage in Bangkok Metropolitan Area in Thailand, many people are still hesitant to switch from using private to public transit, with one potential cause being the unavailability and difficulty in accessing accurate and timely information about their itineraries, while they are commuting. To assess and tackle such issues, the researchers adopted the user-centric Design Thinking methodology to empathize with target users' pain points in this study. They proposed a solution in a user-centric manner by assessing the usability flaws of existing mobile navigation applications, such as Google Maps and ViaBus. By developing a holistic mobile application called 'Disgovery' that covers all modes of public transit in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area and provides relevant information about their trips, the researchers aim to help commuters in Bangkok easily access it in a timely fashion. Through the user-friendly interface, commuters can eliminate the difficulty of finding routes and prices suitable to their needs. By making public transit more accessible with the help of ubiquitous mobile computing, commuters are also encouraged to switch from using private vehicles to public transit, which also can reduce accidents and carbon emissions. The findings from the usability testing in this study suggest that 'Disgovery' is an effective and user-friendly application for daily commuters in Bangkok that can help them achieve their goals without difficulties. The findings also indicate the importance of user interface and user experience guidelines in designing such applications.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83533417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adél Bajcsi, A. Bajcsi, Szabolcs Pável, Ábel Portik, Csanád Sándor, Annamária Szenkovits, Orsolya Vas, Z. Bodó, Lehel Csató
Explainable models in machine learning are increas- ingly popular due to the interpretability-favoring architectural features that help human understanding and interpretation of the decisions made by the model. Although using this type of model – similarly to “robustification” – might degrade prediction accuracy, a better understanding of decisions can greatly aid in the root cause analysis of failures of complex models, like deep neural networks. In this work, we experimentally compare three self-explainable image classification models on two datasets – MNIST and BDD100K –, briefly describing their operation and highlighting their characteristics. We evaluate the backbone models to be able to observe the level of deterioration of the prediction accuracy due to the interpretable module introduced, if any. To improve one of the models studied, we propose modifications to the loss function for learning and suggest a framework for automatic assessment of interpretability by examining the linear separability of the prototypes obtained.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Interpretable Image Classification Models","authors":"Adél Bajcsi, A. Bajcsi, Szabolcs Pável, Ábel Portik, Csanád Sándor, Annamária Szenkovits, Orsolya Vas, Z. Bodó, Lehel Csató","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Explainable models in machine learning are increas- ingly popular due to the interpretability-favoring architectural features that help human understanding and interpretation of the decisions made by the model. Although using this type of model – similarly to “robustification” – might degrade prediction accuracy, a better understanding of decisions can greatly aid in the root cause analysis of failures of complex models, like deep neural networks. In this work, we experimentally compare three self-explainable image classification models on two datasets – MNIST and BDD100K –, briefly describing their operation and highlighting their characteristics. We evaluate the backbone models to be able to observe the level of deterioration of the prediction accuracy due to the interpretable module introduced, if any. To improve one of the models studied, we propose modifications to the loss function for learning and suggest a framework for automatic assessment of interpretability by examining the linear separability of the prototypes obtained.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85807731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The New MAC mechanism plays a key role in achieving the needed requirements of the B5G/6G radio technology and helps to avoid high-speed frequency issues and limitations. With the help of the ns-3 simulator, we generated 42 different cases for the purpose of analyzing the impact of the network load on the overall effective transmission rate. Therefore, the use of the data-adaptive decomposition method the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) on our non-stationary system benefits in the extraction of the important meaningful components. However, due to the highlighted direction dependency finding of EMD, Ensembled EMD (EEMD) being direction independent shows better performance on our data series. The extracted trend based on the proposed method matches the fitting curve, while the fitting curve parameters can be clusterized into 2 main clusters congested and non-congested cases of the radio channel throughput signal.
{"title":"Decomposition Based Congestion Analysis of the Communication in B5G/6G TeraHertz High-Speed Networks","authors":"Djamila Talbi, Zoltán Gál","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.5.7","url":null,"abstract":"The New MAC mechanism plays a key role in achieving the needed requirements of the B5G/6G radio technology and helps to avoid high-speed frequency issues and limitations. With the help of the ns-3 simulator, we generated 42 different cases for the purpose of analyzing the impact of the network load on the overall effective transmission rate. Therefore, the use of the data-adaptive decomposition method the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) on our non-stationary system benefits in the extraction of the important meaningful components. However, due to the highlighted direction dependency finding of EMD, Ensembled EMD (EEMD) being direction independent shows better performance on our data series. The extracted trend based on the proposed method matches the fitting curve, while the fitting curve parameters can be clusterized into 2 main clusters congested and non-congested cases of the radio channel throughput signal.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78417085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.36244/icj.2023.si-iodcr.1
G. Sallai
The evolutionary phases and perspectives of the digitization process are presented focusing on the milestones of technological evolution. The digital convergence of communications, information technology and media, the concept of cognitive infocommunications, the extension of networking by Internet of Things, the immersive technologies as augmented reality and virtual reality and the artificial intelligence have relevant role in the shaping the concept of the Internet of Digital & Cognitive Realities (IoDC) and the Smart Ecosystems as Smart Cities and Smart Factories.
{"title":"Evolution of Digitization toward the Internet of Digital & Cognitive Realities and Smart Ecosystems","authors":"G. Sallai","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.si-iodcr.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.si-iodcr.1","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionary phases and perspectives of the digitization process are presented focusing on the milestones of technological evolution. The digital convergence of communications, information technology and media, the concept of cognitive infocommunications, the extension of networking by Internet of Things, the immersive technologies as augmented reality and virtual reality and the artificial intelligence have relevant role in the shaping the concept of the Internet of Digital & Cognitive Realities (IoDC) and the Smart Ecosystems as Smart Cities and Smart Factories.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74397325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baasanjargal Erdenebat, Bayarjargal Bud, Tamás Kozsik
With Kubernetes emerging as one of the most popular infrastructures in the cloud-native era, the utilization of containerization and tools alongside Kubernetes is steadily gaining traction. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the service discovery mechanisms and DNS management (CoreDNS) of Kubernetes, and to present a general study of an experiment on service discovery challenges. In large scale Kubernetes clusters, running pods, services, requests, and workloads can be substantial. The increased number of HTTP-requests often result in resource utilization concerns, e.g., spikes of errors [24], [25]. This paper investigates potential optimization strategies for enhancing the performance and scalability of CoreDNS in Kubernetes. We propose a solution to address the concerns related to CoreDNS and provide a detailed explanation of how our implementation enhances service discovery functionality. Experimental results in a real-world case show that our solution for the CoreDNS ensures consistency of the workload. Compared with the default CoreDNS configuration, our customized approach achieves better performance in terms of number of errors for requests, average latency of DNS requests, and resource usage rate.
{"title":"Challenges in service discovery for microservices deployed in a Kubernetes cluster – a case stud","authors":"Baasanjargal Erdenebat, Bayarjargal Bud, Tamás Kozsik","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.5.11","url":null,"abstract":"With Kubernetes emerging as one of the most popular infrastructures in the cloud-native era, the utilization of containerization and tools alongside Kubernetes is steadily gaining traction. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the service discovery mechanisms and DNS management (CoreDNS) of Kubernetes, and to present a general study of an experiment on service discovery challenges. In large scale Kubernetes clusters, running pods, services, requests, and workloads can be substantial. The increased number of HTTP-requests often result in resource utilization concerns, e.g., spikes of errors [24], [25]. This paper investigates potential optimization strategies for enhancing the performance and scalability of CoreDNS in Kubernetes. We propose a solution to address the concerns related to CoreDNS and provide a detailed explanation of how our implementation enhances service discovery functionality. Experimental results in a real-world case show that our solution for the CoreDNS ensures consistency of the workload. Compared with the default CoreDNS configuration, our customized approach achieves better performance in terms of number of errors for requests, average latency of DNS requests, and resource usage rate.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81970975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to train reinforcement learning algorithms, a significant amount of experience is required, so it is common practice to train them in simulation, even when they are intended to be applied in the real world. To improve robustness, camerabased agents can be trained using visual domain randomization, which involves changing the visual characteristics of the simulator between training episodes in order to improve their resilience to visual changes in their environment. In this work, we propose a method, which includes realworld images alongside visual domain randomization in the reinforcement learning training procedure to further enhance the performance after sim-to-real transfer. We train variational autoencoders using both real and simulated frames, and the representations produced by the encoders are then used to train reinforcement learning agents. The proposed method is evaluated against a variety of baselines, including direct and indirect visual domain randomization, end-to-end reinforcement learning, and supervised and unsupervised state representation learning. By controlling a differential drive vehicle using only camera images, the method is tested in the Duckietown self-driving car environment. We demonstrate through our experimental results that our method improves learnt representation effectiveness and robustness by achieving the best performance of all tested methods.
{"title":"Enhancing Visual Domain Randomization with Real Images for Sim-to-Real Transfer","authors":"András Béres, Bálint Gyires-Tóth","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In order to train reinforcement learning algorithms, a significant amount of experience is required, so it is common practice to train them in simulation, even when they are intended to be applied in the real world. To improve robustness, camerabased agents can be trained using visual domain randomization, which involves changing the visual characteristics of the simulator between training episodes in order to improve their resilience to visual changes in their environment. In this work, we propose a method, which includes realworld images alongside visual domain randomization in the reinforcement learning training procedure to further enhance the performance after sim-to-real transfer. We train variational autoencoders using both real and simulated frames, and the representations produced by the encoders are then used to train reinforcement learning agents. The proposed method is evaluated against a variety of baselines, including direct and indirect visual domain randomization, end-to-end reinforcement learning, and supervised and unsupervised state representation learning. By controlling a differential drive vehicle using only camera images, the method is tested in the Duckietown self-driving car environment. We demonstrate through our experimental results that our method improves learnt representation effectiveness and robustness by achieving the best performance of all tested methods.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86103158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the few years since the Raspberry Pi was released in 2012, countless microcomputers based on the ARM architecture have been introduced.Their small size, high performance relative to their power consumption, and the ability to run the popular Linux operating system make them ideal for a wide range of tasks. Information security is an area of particular importance. Different encryption and encoding algorithms play an important role in almost all areas of information security. However, these algorithms are very computationally intensive, so it is important to investigate which microcomputers can be used for these tasks, and under which trade-offs. The performance of ten different microcomputers is investigated and presented for the application of common symmetric and public-key encryption and decryption, digest creation and message authentication protocols, such as RSA, AES, HMAC, MD5, SHA. Reliable encryption requires the generation of reliable (pseudo)random numbers (Cryptographically Secure Random Numbers, CSRN), and microcomputers based on ARM SoCs usually have hardware implemented (pseudo)random number generators. The applicability of the random number generat er generators. The applicability of the random number generators of different microcomputers are investigated and presented; test methoods are described , and recommendations are made.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Encryption Capabilities of ARM-based Single Board Microcomputers","authors":"S. Repas","doi":"10.36244/icj.2023.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36244/icj.2023.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"In the few years since the Raspberry Pi was released in 2012, countless microcomputers based on the ARM architecture have been introduced.Their small size, high performance relative to their power consumption, and the ability to run the popular Linux operating system make them ideal for a wide range of tasks. Information security is an area of particular importance. Different encryption and encoding algorithms play an important role in almost all areas of information security. However, these algorithms are very computationally intensive, so it is important to investigate which microcomputers can be used for these tasks, and under which trade-offs. The performance of ten different microcomputers is investigated and presented for the application of common symmetric and public-key encryption and decryption, digest creation and message authentication protocols, such as RSA, AES, HMAC, MD5, SHA. Reliable encryption requires the generation of reliable (pseudo)random numbers (Cryptographically Secure Random Numbers, CSRN), and microcomputers based on ARM SoCs usually have hardware implemented (pseudo)random number generators. The applicability of the random number generat er generators. The applicability of the random number generators of different microcomputers are investigated and presented; test methoods are described , and recommendations are made.","PeriodicalId":42504,"journal":{"name":"Infocommunications Journal","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87893998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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