E. J. Vishaka, M. Priyadharshini, V. Shally, Sr. GerardinJayam
Abstract: Pure nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and NiO-Mn2O3, NiO-CdO, NiO-Pb2O3, NiO –ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The PXRD studies revealed that NiO, Mn2O3 and CdO possessed cubic structure, Pb2O3 possessed monoclinic structure, ZnO possessed hexagonal structure and confirmed the presence of polycrystallinity nature of NiO and Mn2O3, CdO, Pb2O3, ZnO in the nanocomposites. The average grain size of NiO nanoparticles was found to be 30.10 nm using Debye Scherer’s formula. The FESEM images of NiO nanoparticles and their nanocomposites revealed spherical shaped structure and NiO-Pb2O3 revealed needle shaped rod-like structure. EDAX analysis confirmed the composition of NiO nanoparticles and their nanocomposites. Raman spectra exhibited characteristic peaks of pure NiO and that of NiO- Mn2O3, NiO-CdO, NiO- Pb2O3, NiO-ZnO in the synthesized nanocomposites. In the PL spectra, blue and green emission was observed in the samples. UV-vis spectra revealed the absorption peaks of NiO nanoparticles and their nanocomposites. Thus, the synthesized NiO- Mn2O3, NiO-CdO, NiO - Pb2O3 and NiO-ZnO nanocomposites can be a suitable material for electrocatalysis applications. Keywords: Nickel oxide nanocomposites, Structure, Morphology, Absorption, Luminescence.
{"title":"Structural and Optical Properties of Pure NiO Nanoparticles and NiO-Mn2O3, NiO-CdO, NiO-Pb2O3, NiO-ZnO Nanocomposites","authors":"E. J. Vishaka, M. Priyadharshini, V. Shally, Sr. GerardinJayam","doi":"10.47011/14.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.5.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Pure nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and NiO-Mn2O3, NiO-CdO, NiO-Pb2O3, NiO –ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The PXRD studies revealed that NiO, Mn2O3 and CdO possessed cubic structure, Pb2O3 possessed monoclinic structure, ZnO possessed hexagonal structure and confirmed the presence of polycrystallinity nature of NiO and Mn2O3, CdO, Pb2O3, ZnO in the nanocomposites. The average grain size of NiO nanoparticles was found to be 30.10 nm using Debye Scherer’s formula. The FESEM images of NiO nanoparticles and their nanocomposites revealed spherical shaped structure and NiO-Pb2O3 revealed needle shaped rod-like structure. EDAX analysis confirmed the composition of NiO nanoparticles and their nanocomposites. Raman spectra exhibited characteristic peaks of pure NiO and that of NiO- Mn2O3, NiO-CdO, NiO- Pb2O3, NiO-ZnO in the synthesized nanocomposites. In the PL spectra, blue and green emission was observed in the samples. UV-vis spectra revealed the absorption peaks of NiO nanoparticles and their nanocomposites. Thus, the synthesized NiO- Mn2O3, NiO-CdO, NiO - Pb2O3 and NiO-ZnO nanocomposites can be a suitable material for electrocatalysis applications.\u0000Keywords: Nickel oxide nanocomposites, Structure, Morphology, Absorption, Luminescence.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46900926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Udhaya, M. Meena, M. Queen, M. M. Freeda, T. Das
Abstract: As a simple step to remove the polluting dyes in aqua ecosystem, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles well known for their ferromagnetic properties, low conductivity and high electrochemical stability were prepared by simple auto combustion method using egg white as fuel via green synthesis route. The structural, morphological and magnetic properties of prepared NiFe2O4 was analyzed. The desirable phase purity of the prepared spinel ferrite was deliberated by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRD predicts the phase formation, particle size and lattice parameter of the spinel ferrite. The FTIR spectrum confirms the ferrite structure. The morphological and elemental analysis was made using SEM and EDAX. The hysteresis curve reveals the magnetic properties, such as remanence magnetization (Mr), coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms). The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized samples was determined from degradation of methylene blue dye. The whole process was monitored using spectrophotometer at regular intervals of time. The maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency for NiFe2O4 is around 95.6 %. Keywords: NiFe2O4, Ferrite, Green synthesis, Egg white, Combustion, Photocatalyst.
{"title":"Albumen-assisted Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Nickel Ferrite Photocatalyst","authors":"P. Udhaya, M. Meena, M. Queen, M. M. Freeda, T. Das","doi":"10.47011/14.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: As a simple step to remove the polluting dyes in aqua ecosystem, NiFe2O4 nanoparticles well known for their ferromagnetic properties, low conductivity and high electrochemical stability were prepared by simple auto combustion method using egg white as fuel via green synthesis route. The structural, morphological and magnetic properties of prepared NiFe2O4 was analyzed. The desirable phase purity of the prepared spinel ferrite was deliberated by X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). XRD predicts the phase formation, particle size and lattice parameter of the spinel ferrite. The FTIR spectrum confirms the ferrite structure. The morphological and elemental analysis was made using SEM and EDAX. The hysteresis curve reveals the magnetic properties, such as remanence magnetization (Mr), coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms). The photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized samples was determined from degradation of methylene blue dye. The whole process was monitored using spectrophotometer at regular intervals of time. The maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency for NiFe2O4 is around 95.6 %.\u0000Keywords: NiFe2O4, Ferrite, Green synthesis, Egg white, Combustion, Photocatalyst.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44169632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Udhaya, M. Meena, M. Queen, M. M. Freeda, T. Das
Abstract: Spinel ferrites with general formula AB2O4 possess charming magnetic and electrical properties owing to their thermal and chemical steadfastness. Spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles have attracted massive attention due to their unusual amalgamation of properties, especially magnetic properties, where these properties are equipped as suitable candidates in the field of electronics. Here, a simple self-combustion technique is made with the assistance of albumen to synthesize nanocrystalline zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) particles. The egg white (albumen) that is used in the synthesis process plays the fuel role in the process of combustion. The results of the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested that the synthesized nanoparticles are of single phase and show spinel structure. The photoluminescence studies reported a doublet peak at around 360-380 nm. The functional groups present in the synthesized nanoparticles were revealed from FTIR data. EDX findings give an account of the percentage composition of the elements Fe, Zn and O present in the synthesized sample. High-resolution Scanning Microscope (HRSEM) reveals the agglomerated coalescence nature of ferrite nanoparticles. Keywords: Ferrite, PXRD, FTIR, HRSEM, EDX Albumen.
{"title":"Albumen-mediated Green Synthesis of ZnFe2O4 Nanoparticles and Their Physico-Chemical Properties","authors":"P. Udhaya, M. Meena, M. Queen, M. M. Freeda, T. Das","doi":"10.47011/14.5.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.5.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Spinel ferrites with general formula AB2O4 possess charming magnetic and electrical properties owing to their thermal and chemical steadfastness. Spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles have attracted massive attention due to their unusual amalgamation of properties, especially magnetic properties, where these properties are equipped as suitable candidates in the field of electronics. Here, a simple self-combustion technique is made with the assistance of albumen to synthesize nanocrystalline zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) particles. The egg white (albumen) that is used in the synthesis process plays the fuel role in the process of combustion. The results of the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested that the synthesized nanoparticles are of single phase and show spinel structure. The photoluminescence studies reported a doublet peak at around 360-380 nm. The functional groups present in the synthesized nanoparticles were revealed from FTIR data. EDX findings give an account of the percentage composition of the elements Fe, Zn and O present in the synthesized sample. High-resolution Scanning Microscope (HRSEM) reveals the agglomerated coalescence nature of ferrite nanoparticles.\u0000Keywords: Ferrite, PXRD, FTIR, HRSEM, EDX Albumen.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48625595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. G. Jinitha, P. Abisha, S. Sonia, Naidu Dhanpal Jeyram, S. V. Jeba
Abstract: The most prominent and utilizable platinum-coated copper Oxide nanostructured thin films are prepared using the SILAR method. Their structural properties have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. XRD pattern reveals the phase purity and crystallinity of CuO nanostructures. The average grain size estimated from XRD gives diameters in the range of 14 - 27 nm. Raman spectra explain the structural information of CuO and Pt/CuO nanostructured thin films, in which the peaks observed at 328 cm-1, 609.32 cm-1 and 1141.77 cm-1 are the different phonon modes of CuO. The peak at 2136 cm-1 provides strong evidence for the formation of platinum on CuO nanostructures. The SEM micrograph confirms the floral morphology, which is composed of nano petals. From the observed morphology, it is observed that the deposited thin films such as CuO and Pt/CuO will give interesting applications to our society by being self-cleaning agents, photocatalysts, semiconductor devices, optical fibers, … etc. Keywords: CuO, Pt/CuO, Structural analysis, SILAR, Crystallinity.
{"title":"Structural and Surface Characteristics of CuO and Pt/CuO Nanostructured Thin Films","authors":"C. G. Jinitha, P. Abisha, S. Sonia, Naidu Dhanpal Jeyram, S. V. Jeba","doi":"10.47011/14.5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.5.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The most prominent and utilizable platinum-coated copper Oxide nanostructured thin films are prepared using the SILAR method. Their structural properties have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. XRD pattern reveals the phase purity and crystallinity of CuO nanostructures. The average grain size estimated from XRD gives diameters in the range of 14 - 27 nm. Raman spectra explain the structural information of CuO and Pt/CuO nanostructured thin films, in which the peaks observed at 328 cm-1, 609.32 cm-1 and 1141.77 cm-1 are the different phonon modes of CuO. The peak at 2136 cm-1 provides strong evidence for the formation of platinum on CuO nanostructures. The SEM micrograph confirms the floral morphology, which is composed of nano petals. From the observed morphology, it is observed that the deposited thin films such as CuO and Pt/CuO will give interesting applications to our society by being self-cleaning agents, photocatalysts, semiconductor devices, optical fibers, … etc.\u0000Keywords: CuO, Pt/CuO, Structural analysis, SILAR, Crystallinity.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43470893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Bezy, A. Fathima, S. Sebastiammal, S. V. Jeba
Abstract: In this present work, Zirconia nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation method, Zirconium Oxychloride (ZrOCl2.8H2O) and ammonia (NH3) as starting materials. The synthesized Zirconia nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and the grain size in nanoscale was confirmed. The sheets of neat epoxy resin and epoxy with addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles are primed by solution casting method. The structures of epoxy polymer and hardener were found out using FTIR analysis. The thermal properties were analyzed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Thermo gravimetric analysis has been employed to investigate the thermal characteristics and their mode of thermal degradation. Differential thermal analysis has been used to determine the glass transition temperature of epoxy nanocomposites. The mechanical properties like tensile and flexural studies were analyzed and thus influences of nanofiller loading on these parameters were found to be very low. Keywords: Epoxy, ZrO2 nanoparticles, Nanocomposites, Thermal stability, Dielectric properties, Tensile strength, Flexural strength.
{"title":"Effect of ZrO2 Nanofiller on the Physical Properties of Epoxy Composites: Mechanical, Thermal and Dielectric","authors":"N. A. Bezy, A. Fathima, S. Sebastiammal, S. V. Jeba","doi":"10.47011/14.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In this present work, Zirconia nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation method, Zirconium Oxychloride (ZrOCl2.8H2O) and ammonia (NH3) as starting materials. The synthesized Zirconia nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and the grain size in nanoscale was confirmed. The sheets of neat epoxy resin and epoxy with addition of ZrO2 nanoparticles are primed by solution casting method. The structures of epoxy polymer and hardener were found out using FTIR analysis. The thermal properties were analyzed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). Thermo gravimetric analysis has been employed to investigate the thermal characteristics and their mode of thermal degradation. Differential thermal analysis has been used to determine the glass transition temperature of epoxy nanocomposites. The mechanical properties like tensile and flexural studies were analyzed and thus influences of nanofiller loading on these parameters were found to be very low.\u0000Keywords: Epoxy, ZrO2 nanoparticles, Nanocomposites, Thermal stability, Dielectric properties, Tensile strength, Flexural strength.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44381771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Using the method of retarded potentials, approximate formulae are obtained that describe the electromagnetic field outside the relativistic uniform system in the form of a charged sphere rotating at a constant speed. For the near, middle and far zones, the corresponding expressions are found for the scalar and vector potentials, as well as for the electric and magnetic fields. Then, these expressions are assessed for correspondence to the Laplace equations for potentials and fields. One of the purposes is to test the truth of the assumption that the scalar potential and the electric field depend neither on the value of the angular velocity of rotation of the sphere nor on the direction to the point where the field is measured. However, calculations show that potentials and fields increase as the observation point gets closer to the sphere’s equator and to the sphere’s surface, compared with the case for a stationary sphere. In this case, additions are proportional to the square of the angular velocity of rotation and the square of the sphere’s radius and inversely proportional to the square of the speed of light. The largest found relative increase in potentials and fields could reach the value of 4% for the rapidly rotating neutron star PSR J1614-2230, if the star were charged. For a proton, a similar increase in fields on its surface near the equator reaches 54%. Keywords: Electromagnetic field, Relativistic uniform system, Rotation.
{"title":"The Electromagnetic Field outside the Steadily Rotating Relativistic Uniform System","authors":"Sergey G. Fedosin","doi":"10.47011/14.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Using the method of retarded potentials, approximate formulae are obtained that describe the electromagnetic field outside the relativistic uniform system in the form of a charged sphere rotating at a constant speed. For the near, middle and far zones, the corresponding expressions are found for the scalar and vector potentials, as well as for the electric and magnetic fields. Then, these expressions are assessed for correspondence to the Laplace equations for potentials and fields. One of the purposes is to test the truth of the assumption that the scalar potential and the electric field depend neither on the value of the angular velocity of rotation of the sphere nor on the direction to the point where the field is measured. However, calculations show that potentials and fields increase as the observation point gets closer to the sphere’s equator and to the sphere’s surface, compared with the case for a stationary sphere. In this case, additions are proportional to the square of the angular velocity of rotation and the square of the sphere’s radius and inversely proportional to the square of the speed of light. The largest found relative increase in potentials and fields could reach the value of 4% for the rapidly rotating neutron star PSR J1614-2230, if the star were charged. For a proton, a similar increase in fields on its surface near the equator reaches 54%.\u0000Keywords: Electromagnetic field, Relativistic uniform system, Rotation.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47519347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Balasubramanian, S. Kannan, T. Daniel, J. Henry, K. Mohanraj, G. Sivakumar
Abstract: CuWO4 and Zn-doped CuWO4 nanoparticles were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The XRD study confirms the triclinic crystal structure for both samples and the peak shift is noticed for Zn-doped CuWO4 particles with high crystallinity. The FTIR spectra show metal oxide vibration which arose from the CuWO4 and Zn-doped CuWO4 particles. The optical absorption spectra exhibit strong absorption in the visible region and the band gap of Zn-doped CuWO4 is found to be increased to 2.44 eV compared to that of CuWO4 (2.36 eV), which is due to the elevated conduction band levels after Zn-doping. The SEM images of both CuWO4 and Zn-doped CuWO4 nanoparticles show densely aggregated particles. Keywords: Copper tungstate, Zn-doped CuWO4, Absorption, Nanoparticles.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Zn-doped CuWO4Nanoparticles and Their Opto-structural Properties","authors":"V. Balasubramanian, S. Kannan, T. Daniel, J. Henry, K. Mohanraj, G. Sivakumar","doi":"10.47011/14.5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.5.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: CuWO4 and Zn-doped CuWO4 nanoparticles were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The XRD study confirms the triclinic crystal structure for both samples and the peak shift is noticed for Zn-doped CuWO4 particles with high crystallinity. The FTIR spectra show metal oxide vibration which arose from the CuWO4 and Zn-doped CuWO4 particles. The optical absorption spectra exhibit strong absorption in the visible region and the band gap of Zn-doped CuWO4 is found to be increased to 2.44 eV compared to that of CuWO4 (2.36 eV), which is due to the elevated conduction band levels after Zn-doping. The SEM images of both CuWO4 and Zn-doped CuWO4 nanoparticles show densely aggregated particles.\u0000Keywords: Copper tungstate, Zn-doped CuWO4, Absorption, Nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48531850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Recently, magnesium alloys have attracted scientific interest due to their technological importance in thermoelectric, piezoelectric, photo-voltaic and infrared photonics applications. The electronic and elastic properties of MgXSi (X = Mg, Sr) compounds were investigated in this work, using the density functional theory (DFT) with pseudo-potential plane-waves (PPW) approach as implemented in Quantum Espresso code. The results of the elastic constants of Mg2Si are in agreement with the previous theoretical results and favourably compared with experimental data. The electronic band structures of these semiconductors were calculated to give narrow indirect and direct band gaps of Mg2Si and MgSrSi, respectively. Our results show that the two compounds are mechanically stable. The Pugh’s ratio, B/G, indicated that Mg2Si and MgSrSi are brittle and ductile in nature. The estimated anisotropy parameter, A, shows that Mg2Si has a higher degree of elastic isotropy in comparison to MgSrSi. Three-dimensional (3D) projection of Young’s modulus and area modulus of the compounds was presented. Keywords: Electronic structure, Elastic constants, Mechanical properties, Mg2Si, MgSrSi. PACS: 31.15.A-, 62.20.F-, 71.55.-i, 71.20.Be.
{"title":"Effect of Sr - Transition Metal Substitution on Electronic and Mechanical Properties of Mg2Si: A DFT Study","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/14.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Recently, magnesium alloys have attracted scientific interest due to their technological importance in thermoelectric, piezoelectric, photo-voltaic and infrared photonics applications. The electronic and elastic properties of MgXSi (X = Mg, Sr) compounds were investigated in this work, using the density functional theory (DFT) with pseudo-potential plane-waves (PPW) approach as implemented in Quantum Espresso code. The results of the elastic constants of Mg2Si are in agreement with the previous theoretical results and favourably compared with experimental data. The electronic band structures of these semiconductors were calculated to give narrow indirect and direct band gaps of Mg2Si and MgSrSi, respectively. Our results show that the two compounds are mechanically stable. The Pugh’s ratio, B/G, indicated that Mg2Si and MgSrSi are brittle and ductile in nature. The estimated anisotropy parameter, A, shows that Mg2Si has a higher degree of elastic isotropy in comparison to MgSrSi. Three-dimensional (3D) projection of Young’s modulus and area modulus of the compounds was presented.\u0000Keywords: Electronic structure, Elastic constants, Mechanical properties, Mg2Si, MgSrSi.\u0000PACS: 31.15.A-, 62.20.F-, 71.55.-i, 71.20.Be.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44552528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides of the elements (40K, 238U and 232Th), collected from Kutha district of Babylon governorate are studied and evaluated. Twenty soil samples with (0-15) cm in depth are collected. Gamma spectrometer NaI (TI) source is used for calibration. The radioactivities of natural isotopes K-40, U-238 and Th-232, were assessed. These studies show that radio activities of isotopes are acceptable according to the standard levels. Also, the activity of radium equivalent, the rate of annual effective dose, average air volume and external risk index are evaluated. The results are found within the internationally tolerable values. The results show that the mean of the radioactivity of 238U is (19.1565)Bq / kg, while it is (54.501) Bq/kg for 232Th and (179.578) Bq/kg for 40K. The study results showed that the average of radiological effects, like the Radium equivalent (Raeq), the rate of absorbed dose (Dr), the index of external hazard (Hex), the index of internal hazard (Hin), the index of representative gamma hazard (Iγ), the Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) and the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) are as follow: 110.920 Bq/kg, 50.1838 nGy/h, 0.29953, 59.1530, 27.996, 0.34 mSv/y and 1.268x10-3, respectively. Keywords: Natural radioactivity, Absorption, External hazard, Effective annual dose, Excess lifetime cancer risk.
{"title":"Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Some Soil Samples from Kutha District in Babylon Governorate, Iraq","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/14.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides of the elements (40K, 238U and 232Th), collected from Kutha district of Babylon governorate are studied and evaluated. Twenty soil samples with (0-15) cm in depth are collected. Gamma spectrometer NaI (TI) source is used for calibration. The radioactivities of natural isotopes K-40, U-238 and Th-232, were assessed. These studies show that radio activities of isotopes are acceptable according to the standard levels. Also, the activity of radium equivalent, the rate of annual effective dose, average air volume and external risk index are evaluated. The results are found within the internationally tolerable values. The results show that the mean of the radioactivity of 238U is (19.1565)Bq / kg, while it is (54.501) Bq/kg for 232Th and (179.578) Bq/kg for 40K. The study results showed that the average of radiological effects, like the Radium equivalent (Raeq), the rate of absorbed dose (Dr), the index of external hazard (Hex), the index of internal hazard (Hin), the index of representative gamma hazard (Iγ), the Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) and the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) are as follow: 110.920 Bq/kg, 50.1838 nGy/h, 0.29953, 59.1530, 27.996, 0.34 mSv/y and 1.268x10-3, respectively.\u0000Keywords: Natural radioactivity, Absorption, External hazard, Effective annual dose, Excess lifetime cancer risk.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42577920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Harmonic self mode-locking effects are observed in heavily doped fiber lasers operating near 3 μm. The temporal profiles for the output of an Er-ZBLAN fiber laser operating at ~2.7 μm and an Ho, Pr-ZBLAN fiber laser operating at ~2.87 μm are reported. Stable second harmonic mode-locking is observed in the Er-ZBLAN fiber laser under 970nm pumping for an Er concentration of 50000 ppm, while unstable harmonic mode-locking of order of between 1-1/7 times the round cavity round trip time was observed for the higher concentration of 80000 ppm and for all pump powers. Unstable harmonic mode-locking is observed in the Ho, Pr-ZBLAN fiber laser when pumped at 1064nm, for fiber lengths up to 13m and for all pump powers. The experimental mode-locked pulse train periods are found to be consistent with theoretical analysis. The origin and properties of harmonic self mode-locking in heavily doped ZBLAN fiber lasers operated near 3 μm are discussed. Keywords: Er-ZBLAN fiber laser, Ho, Pr-ZBLAN fiber laser, Self mode-locking, Harmonic self mode-locking. PACS: Fiber lasers, 42.55.Wd, Mode locking, 42.60.Fc.
{"title":"Fundamental and Harmonic Self Mode-locking in Mid IR Heavily Doped Fiber Lasers","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/14.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/14.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Harmonic self mode-locking effects are observed in heavily doped fiber lasers operating near 3 μm. The temporal profiles for the output of an Er-ZBLAN fiber laser operating at ~2.7 μm and an Ho, Pr-ZBLAN fiber laser operating at ~2.87 μm are reported. Stable second harmonic mode-locking is observed in the Er-ZBLAN fiber laser under 970nm pumping for an Er concentration of 50000 ppm, while unstable harmonic mode-locking of order of between 1-1/7 times the round cavity round trip time was observed for the higher concentration of 80000 ppm and for all pump powers. Unstable harmonic mode-locking is observed in the Ho, Pr-ZBLAN fiber laser when pumped at 1064nm, for fiber lengths up to 13m and for all pump powers. The experimental mode-locked pulse train periods are found to be consistent with theoretical analysis. The origin and properties of harmonic self mode-locking in heavily doped ZBLAN fiber lasers operated near 3 μm are discussed.\u0000Keywords: Er-ZBLAN fiber laser, Ho, Pr-ZBLAN fiber laser, Self mode-locking, Harmonic self mode-locking.\u0000PACS: Fiber lasers, 42.55.Wd, Mode locking, 42.60.Fc.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48835106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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