Abstract: Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) functional are performed to investigate the structural, energetic and magnetic properties of bimetallic alloyed 〖〖Ni〗_n Fe〗_(N-n) isomers (N = 2-6 and N = 43, n = 0 to N). The negative mixing energies indicate the stability of these clusters as compared to Ni and Fe bare clusters. All clusters exhibit high spin ground states, with a significant decrease in the magnetization per atom for Fe19Ni24 cluster with the iron core. The adsorption energies of CO on the most stable isomers of alloyed clusters are lower than those on Fe clusters with the same structure. This behavior indicates a decrease of CO poisoning and an increase of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity upon alloying. Keywords: Ni-Fe bimetallic clusters, DFT, CO adsorption, Methanol oxidation reaction, Catalytic activity.
{"title":"First Principles' Calculations of CO Adsorption on Bimetallic Nickel-Iron Clusters","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/16.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/16.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) functional are performed to investigate the structural, energetic and magnetic properties of bimetallic alloyed 〖〖Ni〗_n Fe〗_(N-n) isomers (N = 2-6 and N = 43, n = 0 to N). The negative mixing energies indicate the stability of these clusters as compared to Ni and Fe bare clusters. All clusters exhibit high spin ground states, with a significant decrease in the magnetization per atom for Fe19Ni24 cluster with the iron core. The adsorption energies of CO on the most stable isomers of alloyed clusters are lower than those on Fe clusters with the same structure. This behavior indicates a decrease of CO poisoning and an increase of methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity upon alloying.\u0000Keywords: Ni-Fe bimetallic clusters, DFT, CO adsorption, Methanol oxidation reaction, Catalytic activity.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49112244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: One of the most significant applications of single-photon sources is secure quantum communication. In this research, the security of the most famous protocol of quantum key distribution (BB84) has been studied by considering the characteristics of a single-photon source. This paper derives the impact of propagation on photon statistics. The result reveals that the propagation leads to a change in its value, especially in long distances. Besides, the parameter deviation from an ideal source causes a decrease in the confident length. We achieved a difference of up to 1800 km for the safe distance by studying the relation for minimum transmission coefficient in available single-photon sources. Keywords: Quantum communication, Quantum key distribution, Security, Single-photon source.
{"title":"An Investigation of the Impacts of Available Real Single-photon Sources on Quantum Communication Secure Length","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/16.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/16.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: One of the most significant applications of single-photon sources is secure quantum communication. In this research, the security of the most famous protocol of quantum key distribution (BB84) has been studied by considering the characteristics of a single-photon source. This paper derives the impact of propagation on photon statistics. The result reveals that the propagation leads to a change in its value, especially in long distances. Besides, the parameter deviation from an ideal source causes a decrease in the confident length. We achieved a difference of up to 1800 km for the safe distance by studying the relation for minimum transmission coefficient in available single-photon sources.\u0000Keywords: Quantum communication, Quantum key distribution, Security, Single-photon source.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: In this work, the set of all functions that are Laplace transformable with regard to their structures both algebraic and topological, is taken into account. Certain topological properties of the set of Laplace transformable functions with the help of a metric are described. Also, we determine the proofs of the statements that the set of all Laplace transformable functions is a commutative semi-group with respect to the convolution operation as well as an Abelian group with respect to the operation of addition. Metric for two functions belonging to the set of all Laplace transformable functions is defined and the proof that the Laplace transformable functions' space is complete with our metric is given. The separability theorem and that the Laplace transformable functions' space is disconnected are also discussed. Keywords: Abelian group, Commutative semi-group, Disconnected space, Laplace transform, Separability theorem.
{"title":"Some Algebraic and Topological Structures of Laplace Transformable Functions","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/16.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/16.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In this work, the set of all functions that are Laplace transformable with regard to their structures both algebraic and topological, is taken into account. Certain topological properties of the set of Laplace transformable functions with the help of a metric are described. Also, we determine the proofs of the statements that the set of all Laplace transformable functions is a commutative semi-group with respect to the convolution operation as well as an Abelian group with respect to the operation of addition. Metric for two functions belonging to the set of all Laplace transformable functions is defined and the proof that the Laplace transformable functions' space is complete with our metric is given. The separability theorem and that the Laplace transformable functions' space is disconnected are also discussed.\u0000Keywords: Abelian group, Commutative semi-group, Disconnected space, Laplace transform, Separability theorem.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42075223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Background: Energy utilization in Ethiopia is mainly based on traditional biomass, which causes indoor air pollution, especially for women and children (causing acute lower respiratory infection) living in rural areas. Objective: This research was conducted to assess the performance of six empirical models for estimation of daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Sirinka sites to evaluate daily available energy with photovoltaic (PV) array and energy available to the load (energy demand) and battery (energy-storage device). Materials and Methods: In this study, sunshine hours, minimum and maximum temperatures were obtained from Kombolcha Meteorological Agency. Ms-Excel 2010 was employed as a descriptive statistics tool and MATLAB 2013a was used as software to plot the analyzed data. Results: According to the statistical performance evaluation metrics, such as normalized mean bias error (NMBE) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), Angstrom Prescott model (AP), Louche model (LO) and Hargreaves model (H) performed best in order. The smallest daily mean power delivered to PV and the daily mean energy available to the load (energy demand) and battery (energy-storage device) were 288.11 W/m2 and 248.92 W/m2 sequenced and the largest mean power delivered to the PV and the mean energy available to the load and battery were 851.57 W/m2 and 735.76 W/m2 in order on April-10 for the study period of 2014–2018. Conclusion The result of this work showed high solar energy potential and therefore, rural electrification using PV system is possible in the study area and can reduce health problems due to indoor pollution in the future. Keywords: Daily global solar radiation, Empirical Model, environmentally friendly, Renewable Energy, Solar Power, Sunshine, Temperature, Photovoltaic.
{"title":"Comparison of Models to Evaluate Daily Available Energy with Photovoltaic Array at Sirinka, Ethiopia","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/16.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/16.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000Background: Energy utilization in Ethiopia is mainly based on traditional biomass, which causes indoor air pollution, especially for women and children (causing acute lower respiratory infection) living in rural areas. \u0000Objective: This research was conducted to assess the performance of six empirical models for estimation of daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Sirinka sites to evaluate daily available energy with photovoltaic (PV) array and energy available to the load (energy demand) and battery (energy-storage device). \u0000Materials and Methods: In this study, sunshine hours, minimum and maximum temperatures were obtained from Kombolcha Meteorological Agency. Ms-Excel 2010 was employed as a descriptive statistics tool and MATLAB 2013a was used as software to plot the analyzed data.\u0000 Results: According to the statistical performance evaluation metrics, such as normalized mean bias error (NMBE) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE), Angstrom Prescott model (AP), Louche model (LO) and Hargreaves model (H) performed best in order. The smallest daily mean power delivered to PV and the daily mean energy available to the load (energy demand) and battery (energy-storage device) were 288.11 W/m2 and 248.92 W/m2 sequenced and the largest mean power delivered to the PV and the mean energy available to the load and battery were 851.57 W/m2 and 735.76 W/m2 in order on April-10 for the study period of 2014–2018.\u0000 Conclusion The result of this work showed high solar energy potential and therefore, rural electrification using PV system is possible in the study area and can reduce health problems due to indoor pollution in the future.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Daily global solar radiation, Empirical Model, environmentally friendly, Renewable Energy, Solar Power, Sunshine, Temperature, Photovoltaic.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70655594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Thermodynamic view has been presented to analyze the vacuum, solvent dynamics and mesophase behaviour of a cyanobiphenyl compound named p-n-butyl cyanobiphenyl (4CB). The different modes of interaction energy values under vacuum in a dielectric medium (benzene) during translation and rotation have been calculated. The corresponding Helmholtz free energy and entropy have been analyzed at room temperature (300K) and transition temperature (389.5K) and the stability of the molecule at definite translation, rotation and temperature has been concluded. The change of thermodynamic characteristics and compound stability at nematic-isotropic temperature has been observed. The observed results have been analyzed to obtain an insight into the process of mesophase formation. This study may guide in establishing the other molecular models with transition temperature nearer to room temperature. Keywords: Liquid crystal, 4CB, Mesophase, Free energy, Entropy.
{"title":"Vacuum and Solvent Dynamics of a Cyanobiphenyl Molecule: Mesophase Estimation from Thermodynamic View","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/15.5.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/15.5.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Thermodynamic view has been presented to analyze the vacuum, solvent dynamics and mesophase behaviour of a cyanobiphenyl compound named p-n-butyl cyanobiphenyl (4CB). The different modes of interaction energy values under vacuum in a dielectric medium (benzene) during translation and rotation have been calculated. The corresponding Helmholtz free energy and entropy have been analyzed at room temperature (300K) and transition temperature (389.5K) and the stability of the molecule at definite translation, rotation and temperature has been concluded. The change of thermodynamic characteristics and compound stability at nematic-isotropic temperature has been observed. The observed results have been analyzed to obtain an insight into the process of mesophase formation. This study may guide in establishing the other molecular models with transition temperature nearer to room temperature.\u0000Keywords: Liquid crystal, 4CB, Mesophase, Free energy, Entropy.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48564178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: This paper provides a study of the rotational properties of heavy and medium nuclei, particularly the paired nuclei existing in the rare-earth, including Gd, Er, …, first to have a good representation of the intrinsic prolate fundamentals of the considered nuclei. The most important residual nuclear interaction is the pairing force which makes it possible to couple the nucleons in pairs. To take it into account, we introduce the Bardeen-Cooper-Shrie formalism (BCS), developed to describe the phenomenon of superconductivity. The test wave function is then more elaborate than that of Hartree-Fock and corresponds to a state no longer of independent particles, but of independent quasi-particles. A quasi-particle state (qp) is a linear combination of particles and holes. The Routhian Hartree-Fock model through the analysis of the experimental spectra of rotation of the deformed nucleus was usewd. Knowing that this was originally expanded by Bohr-Mottelson by applying I(I+1) expansion, we modified an existing fixed code (HF) with axial symmetry, which extended in a way that allows us to add constraints on the angular momentum and kelvin rotation to the Hamiltonian known as Cr.HF (cranking version of this formalism), initially studied by P. Quentin. This modification led to good results, especially the spectra of rotation and the angular velocities as a function of the angular momentum. Besides, it led to a decrease in the moment of inertia after it was large in some models, such as in the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) model. The rotational properties and the moments of inertia of the super-deformed bands of some deformed nuclei have been studied as well as in the mass regions A=190; A=160. The results were compared with experimental results which gave good agreement. This work will offer an interesting perspective necessary for certain improvements or extensions of the Cr.HF. Keywords: Microscopic mean field, Collective nuclear rotation, Angular momentum Routhian Hartree-Fock (RHF) model, Inertia moments, Angular velocity.
{"title":"Study of the High Rotational Bands of Moderately Heavy Nuclei","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/15.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/15.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This paper provides a study of the rotational properties of heavy and medium nuclei, particularly the paired nuclei existing in the rare-earth, including Gd, Er, …, first to have a good representation of the intrinsic prolate fundamentals of the considered nuclei. The most important residual nuclear interaction is the pairing force which makes it possible to couple the nucleons in pairs. To take it into account, we introduce the Bardeen-Cooper-Shrie formalism (BCS), developed to describe the phenomenon of superconductivity. The test wave function is then more elaborate than that of Hartree-Fock and corresponds to a state no longer of independent particles, but of independent quasi-particles. A quasi-particle state (qp) is a linear combination of particles and holes. The Routhian Hartree-Fock model through the analysis of the experimental spectra of rotation of the deformed nucleus was usewd. Knowing that this was originally expanded by Bohr-Mottelson by applying I(I+1) expansion, we modified an existing fixed code (HF) with axial symmetry, which extended in a way that allows us to add constraints on the angular momentum and kelvin rotation to the Hamiltonian known as Cr.HF (cranking version of this formalism), initially studied by P. Quentin. This modification led to good results, especially the spectra of rotation and the angular velocities as a function of the angular momentum. Besides, it led to a decrease in the moment of inertia after it was large in some models, such as in the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) model. The rotational properties and the moments of inertia of the super-deformed bands of some deformed nuclei have been studied as well as in the mass regions A=190; A=160. The results were compared with experimental results which gave good agreement. This work will offer an interesting perspective necessary for certain improvements or extensions of the Cr.HF.\u0000Keywords: Microscopic mean field, Collective nuclear rotation, Angular momentum Routhian Hartree-Fock (RHF) model, Inertia moments, Angular velocity.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42564498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: This work provides an experimental study on the effects of polyethylene coating on the field electron emission characteristics of clean (uncoated) tungsten tips. Several tungsten tips, with different apex radii, have been prepared, coated with different thicknesses of polyethylene layers and then examined using a standard field electron emission microscope. Various field electron emission characteristics have been measured under high-vacuum conditions. These include current-voltage characteristics, Fowler-Nordheim plots, scanning electron micrographs and spatial current distributions (electron-emission images). Based on this work, it is proved that coating tungsten tips with polyethylene layers has caused dramatic improvements on the tip emission properties. In particular, coating the tips improves the current-voltage characteristics, which is reflected in lowering the extraction voltage, getting more stable emission currents, expressing the current-voltage characteristics using Fowler-Nordheim plots and finally, the spatial distributions of the emitted electrons for the coated tips are more stable and uniform. Keywords: Field electron emitter, Polyethylene dielectric layer, Composite emitter, Field electron microscope, Scanning electron microscope.
{"title":"Field Electron Emission Characteristics of Tungsten–Polyethylene Composite Material As a Source of Electron Emission","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/15.5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/15.5.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This work provides an experimental study on the effects of polyethylene coating on the field electron emission characteristics of clean (uncoated) tungsten tips. Several tungsten tips, with different apex radii, have been prepared, coated with different thicknesses of polyethylene layers and then examined using a standard field electron emission microscope. Various field electron emission characteristics have been measured under high-vacuum conditions. These include current-voltage characteristics, Fowler-Nordheim plots, scanning electron micrographs and spatial current distributions (electron-emission images). Based on this work, it is proved that coating tungsten tips with polyethylene layers has caused dramatic improvements on the tip emission properties. In particular, coating the tips improves the current-voltage characteristics, which is reflected in lowering the extraction voltage, getting more stable emission currents, expressing the current-voltage characteristics using Fowler-Nordheim plots and finally, the spatial distributions of the emitted electrons for the coated tips are more stable and uniform.\u0000Keywords: Field electron emitter, Polyethylene dielectric layer, Composite emitter, Field electron microscope, Scanning electron microscope.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42932102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are tiny particles with their dimensions ranging between1and100 nm. These are gaining cumulative attention owing to their vast use in different fields of applications. There are three main methods for synthesizing NPs; namely, physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical methods consume a lot of energy and time, require expensive vacuum systems and high temperatures and on top of all, they are not environmentally friendly. Chemical methods, in general, are expensive, increase the particle toxicity and perhaps harm human health and the environment. In addition, hazardous chemicals gather on the top of NPs and confine their applications. Therefore, green method is an alternative replacement to the traditional chemical and physical methods for synthesizing NPs. The existing phytochemicals, for instance in plant extracts, own a remarkably high ability for reducing metal ions within a short time comparing with other microorganisms, which require a longer incubation period. This study is concentrating on green synthesis of silver (Ag) NPs, owing to the significance of Ag NPs whose optical properties depend on their size and shape. In addition, Ag NPs possess numerous applications, especially in solar cells, water treatment and medicine. This review aims to highlight the remarkable growth of green synthesis of Ag NPs, in terms of publications, citations, active and productive researchers, targeting journals and the eminent countries in this regard. This review, also, is highlights the most utilized plants for producing Ag NPs in fourteen years; i.e., 2007-2021.This review, also, evaluating the most acceptable proposed mechanism for biosynthesizing Ag NPs using plant extracts. We believe that this review article will facilitate and brighten the road in front of researchers who want to initiate their study with the biosynthesis of Ag NPs from plant extracts. Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Plant extracts, Stabilizing agents, Reducing agents.
{"title":"The Status of Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts during Last Fifteen Years","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/15.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/15.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are tiny particles with their dimensions ranging between1and100 nm. These are gaining cumulative attention owing to their vast use in different fields of applications. There are three main methods for synthesizing NPs; namely, physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical methods consume a lot of energy and time, require expensive vacuum systems and high temperatures and on top of all, they are not environmentally friendly. Chemical methods, in general, are expensive, increase the particle toxicity and perhaps harm human health and the environment. In addition, hazardous chemicals gather on the top of NPs and confine their applications. Therefore, green method is an alternative replacement to the traditional chemical and physical methods for synthesizing NPs. The existing phytochemicals, for instance in plant extracts, own a remarkably high ability for reducing metal ions within a short time comparing with other microorganisms, which require a longer incubation period. This study is concentrating on green synthesis of silver (Ag) NPs, owing to the significance of Ag NPs whose optical properties depend on their size and shape. In addition, Ag NPs possess numerous applications, especially in solar cells, water treatment and medicine. This review aims to highlight the remarkable growth of green synthesis of Ag NPs, in terms of publications, citations, active and productive researchers, targeting journals and the eminent countries in this regard. This review, also, is highlights the most utilized plants for producing Ag NPs in fourteen years; i.e., 2007-2021.This review, also, evaluating the most acceptable proposed mechanism for biosynthesizing Ag NPs using plant extracts. We believe that this review article will facilitate and brighten the road in front of researchers who want to initiate their study with the biosynthesis of Ag NPs from plant extracts.\u0000Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Plant extracts, Stabilizing agents, Reducing agents.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47315124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The physico-chemical properties, heavy metal content and the primordial radionuclide activities in soil samples from four locations around a cement production facility were studied. The physico- chemical properties of the soil samples were determined after aqua regia (HNO3:HCl) digestion and analysis with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) Perkin Elmer Analyst 200, while the activity concentration of the radionuclides was determined by a non-destructive analysis using a computerized gamma-ray spectrometry system with high-purity germanium (HPGe). The pH and electrical conductivity in the soil were in the range of 6.57 to 7.39 and 25.5 to 462 µs cm-1, respectively. The cation-exchange capacity (meq/100 g) for Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were within the ranges 0.142 to 0.622, 0.145 to 1.725, 2.112 to 4.279 and 0.092 to 0.271, respectively. Lead and cadmium were each detected in only one sample. The average activity for Uranium -238, Thorium - 232 and Potassium - 40 in soil was between 3.177 ± 0.330 Bq kg-1 - 7.934±1.190 Bq kg-1, 4.201±0.429 Bq kg-1 – 10.702 ± 1.504 Bq kg-1 and 97.733 ± 2.268 Bq kg-1 – 144.926 ± 21.738 Bq kg-1, respectively. The physico-chemical properties obtained were within the range of values observed by an earlier study conducted in the area; the concentrations of the heavy metals in the soils as well as the radiological hazard indices due to the presence of naturally -occuring radionuclide materials (NORMs) in the soils were very low and are not expected to constitute any environmental hazard. Keywords: Physico-chemical properties, Radioactivity, Cement, Ewekoro, Effective dose.
{"title":"Physico-chemical Properties, Heavy-metal Contents and Radioactivity Levels in Soils around a Cement-production Facility in Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/15.5.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/15.5.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The physico-chemical properties, heavy metal content and the primordial radionuclide activities in soil samples from four locations around a cement production facility were studied. The physico- chemical properties of the soil samples were determined after aqua regia (HNO3:HCl) digestion and analysis with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) Perkin Elmer Analyst 200, while the activity concentration of the radionuclides was determined by a non-destructive analysis using a computerized gamma-ray spectrometry system with high-purity germanium (HPGe). The pH and electrical conductivity in the soil were in the range of 6.57 to 7.39 and 25.5 to 462 µs cm-1, respectively. The cation-exchange capacity (meq/100 g) for Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were within the ranges 0.142 to 0.622, 0.145 to 1.725, 2.112 to 4.279 and 0.092 to 0.271, respectively. Lead and cadmium were each detected in only one sample. The average activity for Uranium -238, Thorium - 232 and Potassium - 40 in soil was between 3.177 ± 0.330 Bq kg-1 - 7.934±1.190 Bq kg-1, 4.201±0.429 Bq kg-1 – 10.702 ± 1.504 Bq kg-1 and 97.733 ± 2.268 Bq kg-1 – 144.926 ± 21.738 Bq kg-1, respectively. The physico-chemical properties obtained were within the range of values observed by an earlier study conducted in the area; the concentrations of the heavy metals in the soils as well as the radiological hazard indices due to the presence of naturally -occuring radionuclide materials (NORMs) in the soils were very low and are not expected to constitute any environmental hazard.\u0000Keywords: Physico-chemical properties, Radioactivity, Cement, Ewekoro, Effective dose.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41427469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The Klein-Gordon equation with Varshni potential was solved through the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The Greene and Aldrich approximation schemes were employed to overcome the centrifugal barrier. The energy eigenvalues were obtained in relativistic and non-relativistic regimes, as well as the corresponding normalized wave functions. Energy spectra and expectation values of the square of inverse of position kinetic energy and the square of the momentum for five selected diatomic molecules: H2, HCl, TiH, I2 and CO, using their separate spectroscopic parameters were computed through Hellmann-Feynman Theorem. Bound-state energy eigenvalues were also computed for Varshni potential and the numerical results agree with the already existing literature. Keywords: Expectation values, Varshni potential, Nikiforov-Uvarov method, Klein-Gordon equation.
{"title":"Expectation Values and Energy Spectra of the Varshni Potential in Arbitrary Dimensions","authors":"","doi":"10.47011/15.5.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47011/15.5.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The Klein-Gordon equation with Varshni potential was solved through the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The Greene and Aldrich approximation schemes were employed to overcome the centrifugal barrier. The energy eigenvalues were obtained in relativistic and non-relativistic regimes, as well as the corresponding normalized wave functions. Energy spectra and expectation values of the square of inverse of position kinetic energy and the square of the momentum for five selected diatomic molecules: H2, HCl, TiH, I2 and CO, using their separate spectroscopic parameters were computed through Hellmann-Feynman Theorem. Bound-state energy eigenvalues were also computed for Varshni potential and the numerical results agree with the already existing literature.\u0000Keywords: Expectation values, Varshni potential, Nikiforov-Uvarov method, Klein-Gordon equation.","PeriodicalId":42562,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42570720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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