Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.20848
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of learned helplessness with psychological distress and relationship of social integration with psychological distress in medical students. METHODS: This quantitative correlational survey research was conducted from September 2019 till January 2020, on 315 medical students, aging between 18-24 years, recruited from private and public medical colleges from Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected through purposive sampling technique from students of all five medical years. To measure the variables, Learned Helplessness Scale, Social Inclusion Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale were used. The institutes were visited as a part of survey-based methodology for this research. RESULTS: Out of 315 medical students, 223 (70.8%) were females and 92 (29.2%) were males. Mean age of students was 21.33±2.19 years and mean time spent by participants in university was 7.49±2.06 hours. Majority (n=272/315; 86.3%) were single. About 41.6% (n=131/315) completed three years of medical education. Majority (n=250/ 315; 79.4%) lived with their parents and 303 (96%) student's parents could afford their medical education. Twenty-seven (8.6%) students consulted psychiatrist/psychologist at least once and 33 (10.5%) students had family history of psychological illness. Thirty-six (11.4%) students had other health-related problems. Outcomes depicts a weak positive correlation between learned helplessness and psychological distress (r= 0.218, p<0.01) and a weak negative correlation between social integration and psychological distress (r = -0.272, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Medical students who had more robust social networks had a reduced chance of psychological distress than their counterparts who had weaker ties.
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP OF LEARNED HELPLESSNESS AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS","authors":"","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.20848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.20848","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of learned helplessness with psychological distress and relationship of social integration with psychological distress in medical students. METHODS: This quantitative correlational survey research was conducted from September 2019 till January 2020, on 315 medical students, aging between 18-24 years, recruited from private and public medical colleges from Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected through purposive sampling technique from students of all five medical years. To measure the variables, Learned Helplessness Scale, Social Inclusion Scale and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale were used. The institutes were visited as a part of survey-based methodology for this research. RESULTS: Out of 315 medical students, 223 (70.8%) were females and 92 (29.2%) were males. Mean age of students was 21.33±2.19 years and mean time spent by participants in university was 7.49±2.06 hours. Majority (n=272/315; 86.3%) were single. About 41.6% (n=131/315) completed three years of medical education. Majority (n=250/ 315; 79.4%) lived with their parents and 303 (96%) student's parents could afford their medical education. Twenty-seven (8.6%) students consulted psychiatrist/psychologist at least once and 33 (10.5%) students had family history of psychological illness. Thirty-six (11.4%) students had other health-related problems. Outcomes depicts a weak positive correlation between learned helplessness and psychological distress (r= 0.218, p<0.01) and a weak negative correlation between social integration and psychological distress (r = -0.272, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Medical students who had more robust social networks had a reduced chance of psychological distress than their counterparts who had weaker ties.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48947385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.22744
Nabiha Khan, M. Saeed, Rukhsana Majid, A. K. Butt
OBJECTIVE: To explore various factors affecting academic success & failure among public sector dental students. METHODS: This mixed-methods study with explanatory sequential study approach was completed in May 2021 at Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Pakistan. After taking informed written consent, qualitative & quantitative questionnaires rd were distributed among 3 year dental students. Quantitive data was analyzed through SPSS version-20. Qualitaive data was analysed through thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes. RESULTS: Out of 28 dental students, majority (n=15; 53.6%) were females. Passing percentage of female students was high (n=14/15; 93.33%) as compared to males (n=7/13; 53.85%). Failure was 6.6% (n=1/15) in girls and 46.15% (n=6/13) in boys. In annual exams, 75% (n=21/28) students passed in all subjects. About 89.3% (n=25/28) of successful students were satisfied with teaching strategies, 85.7% (n=24/28) reflected on their learned material, 75% (n=21/28) recalled prior knowledge, 67.9% (n=19/28) were hard-working, 71.4% (n=20/28) were internaly motivated whereas 67.9% (n=19/28) were confident about their abilities. Instrumental design, personal issues and learning environment were the main themes identified. Sub-themes for instrumental design were teaching strategies, overload curriculum & exam strategies; for personal issues were learning style, lack of sleep, coping strategies, class attendance, stress & motivation/interest and for learning environment were students' centered, assessment-centered and teachers' centered. CONCLUSION: Successful students acknowledged the motivation, educational environment and innovative teaching strategies as contributing factors to their success. Hostel issues, lack of sleep, learning strategies
{"title":"ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND FAILURE AMONGST DENTAL STUDENTS: A MIXED METHODS STUDY OF WHAT MATTERS","authors":"Nabiha Khan, M. Saeed, Rukhsana Majid, A. K. Butt","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.22744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22744","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To explore various factors affecting academic success & failure among public sector dental students. METHODS: This mixed-methods study with explanatory sequential study approach was completed in May 2021 at Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Pakistan. After taking informed written consent, qualitative & quantitative questionnaires rd were distributed among 3 year dental students. Quantitive data was analyzed through SPSS version-20. Qualitaive data was analysed through thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes. RESULTS: Out of 28 dental students, majority (n=15; 53.6%) were females. Passing percentage of female students was high (n=14/15; 93.33%) as compared to males (n=7/13; 53.85%). Failure was 6.6% (n=1/15) in girls and 46.15% (n=6/13) in boys. In annual exams, 75% (n=21/28) students passed in all subjects. About 89.3% (n=25/28) of successful students were satisfied with teaching strategies, 85.7% (n=24/28) reflected on their learned material, 75% (n=21/28) recalled prior knowledge, 67.9% (n=19/28) were hard-working, 71.4% (n=20/28) were internaly motivated whereas 67.9% (n=19/28) were confident about their abilities. Instrumental design, personal issues and learning environment were the main themes identified. Sub-themes for instrumental design were teaching strategies, overload curriculum & exam strategies; for personal issues were learning style, lack of sleep, coping strategies, class attendance, stress & motivation/interest and for learning environment were students' centered, assessment-centered and teachers' centered. CONCLUSION: Successful students acknowledged the motivation, educational environment and innovative teaching strategies as contributing factors to their success. Hostel issues, lack of sleep, learning strategies","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45022462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.23139
{"title":"PROF. S.A. RAZA ALI (1925- 2022): PIONEER OF MEDICINE IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN","authors":"","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.23139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.23139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44632569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.23161
{"title":"PROF. MUHAMMAD SHAFIQUE (1936-2022): PIONEER OF PSYCHIATRY IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN","authors":"","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.23161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.23161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41771369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.21713
Saima Ahmad, Amina Muazzam
.
{"title":"OBESITY AND MARITAL RELATIONSHIP: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF COPING","authors":"Saima Ahmad, Amina Muazzam","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.21713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.21713","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48621726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.21718
R. Bajwa, H. Abdullah, W. Jaafar, Asnarulkhad Abuu Samah
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating role of phubbing in the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological well-being among generation Z (people born between the mid-1990s and late 2000s). METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 794 students from two public universities of south Punjab, Pakistan, ranging in age between 18-24 years. Data were collected through a multistage cluster sampling technique. Three reliable and valid measures were used to measure the study variables. Data analysis was done with SPSS-23 and Smart-PLS 3.3.3. RESULTS: Out of 794 respondents, 373 (47%) were males and 421 (53%) were females. Majority (n=442; 55.7%) were from 21-23 years' age group. Most respondents used smartphones for more than five years (38%), followed by 3-5 years (33.6%) and 1-3 years (28.3%), respectively. WhatsApp was the most preferred medium of networking (74.4%), and the primary motive of smartphone use was educational (48.7%). All the scales exhibited excellent reliability; the smartphone addiction scale ( α =0.913), the Phubbing scale ( α =0.887), the psychological well-being scale ( α =0.978), and validity were also achieved through Fornell-Larcker and HTMT criteria. Results of structural model exhibited that smartphone addiction had a significant negative impact on psychological well-being ( β = -0.16, p<0.000), and smartphone addiction was associated with phubbing ( β =0.248, p<0.000), but phubbing did not mediate relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological well-being among generation Z university students. CONCLUSION: Majority of youngsters are using smartphones frequently and heavily. Smartphone addiction is a risk factor for psychological well-being. Smartphone addiction negatively impacts psychological well-being and is positively associated with phubbing behavior.
{"title":"SMARTPHONE USE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING AMONG GENERATION Z: ROLE OF PHUBBING","authors":"R. Bajwa, H. Abdullah, W. Jaafar, Asnarulkhad Abuu Samah","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.21718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.21718","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating role of phubbing in the relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological well-being among generation Z (people born between the mid-1990s and late 2000s). METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on 794 students from two public universities of south Punjab, Pakistan, ranging in age between 18-24 years. Data were collected through a multistage cluster sampling technique. Three reliable and valid measures were used to measure the study variables. Data analysis was done with SPSS-23 and Smart-PLS 3.3.3. RESULTS: Out of 794 respondents, 373 (47%) were males and 421 (53%) were females. Majority (n=442; 55.7%) were from 21-23 years' age group. Most respondents used smartphones for more than five years (38%), followed by 3-5 years (33.6%) and 1-3 years (28.3%), respectively. WhatsApp was the most preferred medium of networking (74.4%), and the primary motive of smartphone use was educational (48.7%). All the scales exhibited excellent reliability; the smartphone addiction scale ( α =0.913), the Phubbing scale ( α =0.887), the psychological well-being scale ( α =0.978), and validity were also achieved through Fornell-Larcker and HTMT criteria. Results of structural model exhibited that smartphone addiction had a significant negative impact on psychological well-being ( β = -0.16, p<0.000), and smartphone addiction was associated with phubbing ( β =0.248, p<0.000), but phubbing did not mediate relationship between smartphone addiction and psychological well-being among generation Z university students. CONCLUSION: Majority of youngsters are using smartphones frequently and heavily. Smartphone addiction is a risk factor for psychological well-being. Smartphone addiction negatively impacts psychological well-being and is positively associated with phubbing behavior.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48522150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.22393
S. Liaqat, Humaira Jabeen
life
生活
{"title":"MASS AND VOLUME CHANGES OF NOVEL CHLORHEXIDINE, POLYLYSINE, AND COMPOSITES BASED ON CALCIUM PHOSPHATE","authors":"S. Liaqat, Humaira Jabeen","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.22393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22393","url":null,"abstract":"life","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.21987
Z. Zubair, Hassan Awaisi, Zubair Ahmed
OBJECTIVE: To find the different etiological factors underlying a midline diastema which will help in effective orthodontic correction by enabling the practitioner to adopt the most appropriate mechanics. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan, from 01-08-2020 to 01-02-2021. A sample of 165 patients was analyzed according to age, gender, presenting various occlusal traits, and relevant diastema findings to assess the underlying etiology of the maxillary midline diastema. Cases with a midline diastema of >0.5 mm were documented with examination including clinical intra-oral examination and orthopantomograms and upper occlusal radiographs. Examinations were done by the same observer to reduce human error and were cross-checked by a superior to minimize the possibility of error. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS: Dental anomalies (n=113, 68.6%) was the most frequent cause of maxillary midline diastema. Dental anomalies were observed in both females (n=77/112; 68.8%) and males (n=36/53; 67.9%). Common dental anomalies included tooth/arch size discrepancies (n=58, 51.3%), abnormal occlusal patterns (n=37; 32.7%) and missing teeth (n=18 15.9%). Other contributing factors for maxillary midline diastema observed were abnormal maxillary arch structure (n=30; 18%), physical impediments (n=18; 11%), muscular imbalances (n=3; 1.8%) and pernicious habits (n=1; 0.6%). Common causes of physical impediments were fleshy labial frenum 10/18; 55.6%) and supernumerary tooth (n=8/18; 44.4%). CONCLUSION: Maxillary midline diastema was common in both genders and was associated with multiple etiologies of which dental anomalies, abnormal maxillary arch structure and physical impediments were highly prevalent.
{"title":"ETIOLOGY OF MIDLINE DIASTEMA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO NISHTAR INSTITUTE OF DENTISTRY, MULTAN","authors":"Z. Zubair, Hassan Awaisi, Zubair Ahmed","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.21987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.21987","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To find the different etiological factors underlying a midline diastema which will help in effective orthodontic correction by enabling the practitioner to adopt the most appropriate mechanics. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan, from 01-08-2020 to 01-02-2021. A sample of 165 patients was analyzed according to age, gender, presenting various occlusal traits, and relevant diastema findings to assess the underlying etiology of the maxillary midline diastema. Cases with a midline diastema of >0.5 mm were documented with examination including clinical intra-oral examination and orthopantomograms and upper occlusal radiographs. Examinations were done by the same observer to reduce human error and were cross-checked by a superior to minimize the possibility of error. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. RESULTS: Dental anomalies (n=113, 68.6%) was the most frequent cause of maxillary midline diastema. Dental anomalies were observed in both females (n=77/112; 68.8%) and males (n=36/53; 67.9%). Common dental anomalies included tooth/arch size discrepancies (n=58, 51.3%), abnormal occlusal patterns (n=37; 32.7%) and missing teeth (n=18 15.9%). Other contributing factors for maxillary midline diastema observed were abnormal maxillary arch structure (n=30; 18%), physical impediments (n=18; 11%), muscular imbalances (n=3; 1.8%) and pernicious habits (n=1; 0.6%). Common causes of physical impediments were fleshy labial frenum 10/18; 55.6%) and supernumerary tooth (n=8/18; 44.4%). CONCLUSION: Maxillary midline diastema was common in both genders and was associated with multiple etiologies of which dental anomalies, abnormal maxillary arch structure and physical impediments were highly prevalent.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46816688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.35845/kmuj.2022.22178
Shahid Ilyas, A. Hanif
. investigated the properties of plasticized PVC/HC-PMMA blends using variable composition of HC-PMMA/PVC blend for dynamic thermo gravimetric analysis and thermo-10 oxidative degradation. They concluded that an increased quantity of the HC-PMMA in the blend improved the thermoxidative stability of PVC and HC-PMMA blend.
{"title":"EFFECT OF IMMERSION AND INCORPORATION OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE ON THE FLEXURE STRENGTH AND MICRO HARDNESS OF POLY METHYLACRYLATE DENTURE BASE RESIN","authors":"Shahid Ilyas, A. Hanif","doi":"10.35845/kmuj.2022.22178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35845/kmuj.2022.22178","url":null,"abstract":". investigated the properties of plasticized PVC/HC-PMMA blends using variable composition of HC-PMMA/PVC blend for dynamic thermo gravimetric analysis and thermo-10 oxidative degradation. They concluded that an increased quantity of the HC-PMMA in the blend improved the thermoxidative stability of PVC and HC-PMMA blend.","PeriodicalId":42581,"journal":{"name":"Khyber Medical University Journal-KMUJ","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41342373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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