Classification is the rhetorical device closely related to formal definition. The first step in definition is to classify the term being defined. The term is placed in a group whose members have at least one outstanding characteristic in common. This member is differentiated from all other members of the class. In classification, however, the groups rather than individual members are differentiated. The reader is given the important information about the name of the class, the members of the class important for the discussion and basis for classification, often called criterion of difference. The basis of classification always reflects the particular purpose of the writer making the classification, and the basis relevant to one person may well be irrelevant to another.
{"title":"Classification in scientific and technical writing","authors":"Jelisaveta Šafranj, Marija Katic, J. Zivlak","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p52","url":null,"abstract":"Classification is the rhetorical device closely related to formal definition. The first step in definition is to classify the term being defined. The term is placed in a group whose members have at least one outstanding characteristic in common. This member is differentiated from all other members of the class. In classification, however, the groups rather than individual members are differentiated. The reader is given the important information about the name of the class, the members of the class important for the discussion and basis for classification, often called criterion of difference. The basis of classification always reflects the particular purpose of the writer making the classification, and the basis relevant to one person may well be irrelevant to another.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124218282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Đ. Kerkez, M. Bečelić-Tomin, Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Vesna Gvoić, A. Kulić Mandić, A. Leovac Maćerak, D. Tomašević Pilipović
Synthetic dyes are widely used in textile, printing, leather tanning, cosmetic, drug and food processing industries. The printing and dyeing industry is considered as one of the most polluting industrial sectors. The printing process is very versatile and includes printing on paper as well as printing on textile, plastic and other materials. After the printing process is completed, various chemicals such as ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, benzene, and esters are used in the cleaning procedure. Resulting wastewater often contains a variety of solvents, surfactants, dyes, and other chemicals, thus greatly increasing the difficulty of wastewater treatment. Improper discharge of printing and dyeing wastewater into water bodies will have several effect, beginning with aesthetical issues followed by destruction of the aqueous ecosystem due to light attenuation, oxygen consumption and toxicity effects. Therefore, it is very important to find out and optimize printing and dying wastewater treatment techniques. Processes for dye removal from wastewater can be physical, chemical, biological and more recently hybrid treatments. Physical processes such as adsorption, based on mass transfer mechanism, are commonly used method mainly due to ease of operation and high efficiency. Chemical processes including coagulation and flocculation, advanced oxidation processes and electrochemical treatment are usually more expensive due t chemicals use, equipment requirements and electrical energy consumption. However, these techniques are destructive and may lead to total mineralization of dye molecules and accompanying pollutants. Biological treatment is a low-cost and environmentally friendly process that produces less sludge. This method has significant advantages but dye molecules are less prone to this kind of treatment as they are made to be stable and reluctant. So, the adjustment and optimization of biological treatment, for dye removal, is an ongoing field of research. In recent studies hybrid processes are gaining more attention, combining different techniques. Integrating treatments, as a cost-saving and time-saving process, can represent optimal solution for printing wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Treatment of wastewater containing printing dyes: summary and perspectives","authors":"Đ. Kerkez, M. Bečelić-Tomin, Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Vesna Gvoić, A. Kulić Mandić, A. Leovac Maćerak, D. Tomašević Pilipović","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p31","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic dyes are widely used in textile, printing, leather tanning, cosmetic, drug and food processing industries. The printing and dyeing industry is considered as one of the most polluting industrial sectors. The printing process is very versatile and includes printing on paper as well as printing on textile, plastic and other materials. After the printing process is completed, various chemicals such as ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, benzene, and esters are used in the cleaning procedure. Resulting wastewater often contains a variety of solvents, surfactants, dyes, and other chemicals, thus greatly increasing the difficulty of wastewater treatment. Improper discharge of printing and dyeing wastewater into water bodies will have several effect, beginning with aesthetical issues followed by destruction of the aqueous ecosystem due to light attenuation, oxygen consumption and toxicity effects. Therefore, it is very important to find out and optimize printing and dying wastewater treatment techniques. Processes for dye removal from wastewater can be physical, chemical, biological and more recently hybrid treatments. Physical processes such as adsorption, based on mass transfer mechanism, are commonly used method mainly due to ease of operation and high efficiency. Chemical processes including coagulation and flocculation, advanced oxidation processes and electrochemical treatment are usually more expensive due t chemicals use, equipment requirements and electrical energy consumption. However, these techniques are destructive and may lead to total mineralization of dye molecules and accompanying pollutants. Biological treatment is a low-cost and environmentally friendly process that produces less sludge. This method has significant advantages but dye molecules are less prone to this kind of treatment as they are made to be stable and reluctant. So, the adjustment and optimization of biological treatment, for dye removal, is an ongoing field of research. In recent studies hybrid processes are gaining more attention, combining different techniques. Integrating treatments, as a cost-saving and time-saving process, can represent optimal solution for printing wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121631590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Asrizal Razali, Noranis Ismail, Nurzihan Hassim
At Taylor’s University, Intercultural Design is a project-based module where students are exposed to different cultures of foreign countries and are required to understand the role of design in a wide cultural, political and social context. Through this experience in addition to reflective practice, conceptualizing of ideas and active experimentations, the participating graphic communication students interpret their immersion of culture subjectively and present a piece that communicates the said cultural elements to intended audiences. The present COVID-19 international travel restrictions had disrupted this knowledge acquisition process and posed limits of onsite exploration, engagement with foreign agencies and face-to-face interactions with communities and cultures. However, previous studies had posited the potential of utilizing similar approaches via virtual space, place metaphors and avatar-environment interaction. Henceforth, this paper explored Virtual Reality (VR) technology that replicated environments of foreign destinations and allowed students to map information from this perspective in order to produce a graphic design-based output. This paper intended to further examine the effectiveness of VR by comparing information and feedback of; 1)participating students who had firsthand experience of foreign environment, and 2) students who only have second hand experience via VR. This paper also proposed the suitable selection of VR tools based on cost, accessibility, technological requirements and immersion satisfaction via online learning. The results achieved during the analysis is pertinent to endorse the intention towards the use of VR tools for online collaborative and student-centered learning experience for this module.
{"title":"Immersive intercultural experience for graphic communication studies through virtual reality","authors":"Mohd Asrizal Razali, Noranis Ismail, Nurzihan Hassim","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p59","url":null,"abstract":"At Taylor’s University, Intercultural Design is a project-based module where students are exposed to different cultures of foreign countries and are required to understand the role of design in a wide cultural, political and social context. Through this experience in addition to reflective practice, conceptualizing of ideas and active experimentations, the participating graphic communication students interpret their immersion of culture subjectively and present a piece that communicates the said cultural elements to intended audiences. The present COVID-19 international travel restrictions had disrupted this knowledge acquisition process and posed limits of onsite exploration, engagement with foreign agencies and face-to-face interactions with communities and cultures. However, previous studies had posited the potential of utilizing similar approaches via virtual space, place metaphors and avatar-environment interaction. Henceforth, this paper explored Virtual Reality (VR) technology that replicated environments of foreign destinations and allowed students to map information from this perspective in order to produce a graphic design-based output. This paper intended to further examine the effectiveness of VR by comparing information and feedback of; 1)participating students who had firsthand experience of foreign environment, and 2) students who only have second hand experience via VR. This paper also proposed the suitable selection of VR tools based on cost, accessibility, technological requirements and immersion satisfaction via online learning. The results achieved during the analysis is pertinent to endorse the intention towards the use of VR tools for online collaborative and student-centered learning experience for this module.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125800048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we present the development of cognitive abilities in kindergarten children with interactive applications. Practical part includes the design of application prototype used for the development of cognitive abilities in children age three to four. It comprises three categories in which children’s cognitive abilities are tested and being developed. The categories are colors, numbers, shapes and sizes.
{"title":"Development of children´s cognitive abilities through interactive applications","authors":"Filip Mauzner, L. Mandić, A. Agić, J. Pibernik","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p71","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the development of cognitive abilities in kindergarten children with interactive applications. Practical part includes the design of application prototype used for the development of cognitive abilities in children age three to four. It comprises three categories in which children’s cognitive abilities are tested and being developed. The categories are colors, numbers, shapes and sizes.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125475103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivana Plazonić, I. Bates, V. Dzimbeg-Malcic, Davor Zember
The objective of the research was to investigate colorimetric changes of the waterbased flexographic ink printed on hemp-based papers subjected to artificial ageing. Three types of commercially available hemp office papers were used as printing substrate and by Esiproof instrument were printed manually in full tone with process waterbased flexographic inks. Both, papers and prints were exposed to artificial ageing in the Suntest XLS+ test chamber according ASTM D 6789-2 standard. The L∗, a∗, b∗ colour coordinates were measured and ΔE00 colour difference was calculated for different stages of light exposure in order to determine the change from the original color value. In total exposure time was 96 h. The results have shown how the paper optical stability is dependent upon manufacturing process and that bleached hemp fibers provides better optical stability of papers than unbleached hemp fibers. Further, stability of prints made on hemp-based papers is for the most part defined by ink color, while the impact of the printing substrate is less pronounced. Generally, it was noticed how the most stable among prints were prints covered with the black ink, while prints with the yellow ink had the greatest changes in color under the influence of light.
本研究的目的是研究人工老化对大麻基纸上印刷的水性柔印油墨的比色变化。用三种市售的麻办公纸作为印刷基材，通过防静电仪器用工艺水性柔印油墨进行全色调手动印刷。纸张和印刷品都按照ASTM D 6789-2标准在Suntest XLS+测试箱中进行人工老化。测量L∗，a∗，b∗的颜色坐标，并计算不同光照阶段的色差ΔE00，以确定与原始颜色值的变化。总曝光时间为96小时。结果表明，纸张的光学稳定性是如何依赖于制造工艺，漂白的大麻纤维提供比未漂白的大麻纤维更好的纸张光学稳定性。此外，在大麻基纸上印制的印刷品的稳定性在很大程度上是由油墨颜色决定的，而印刷基材的影响则不太明显。一般来说，人们注意到，在版画中最稳定的是用黑色墨水覆盖的版画，而用黄色墨水覆盖的版画在光线的影响下颜色变化最大。
{"title":"Colorimetric changes of waterbased flexographic ink printed on hemp-based papers exposed to artificial ageing","authors":"Ivana Plazonić, I. Bates, V. Dzimbeg-Malcic, Davor Zember","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p3","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to investigate colorimetric changes of the waterbased flexographic ink printed on hemp-based papers subjected to artificial ageing. Three types of commercially available hemp office papers were used as printing substrate and by Esiproof instrument were printed manually in full tone with process waterbased flexographic inks. Both, papers and prints were exposed to artificial ageing in the Suntest XLS+ test chamber according ASTM D 6789-2 standard. The L∗, a∗, b∗ colour coordinates were measured and ΔE00 colour difference was calculated for different stages of light exposure in order to determine the change from the original color value. In total exposure time was 96 h. The results have shown how the paper optical stability is dependent upon manufacturing process and that bleached hemp fibers provides better optical stability of papers than unbleached hemp fibers. Further, stability of prints made on hemp-based papers is for the most part defined by ink color, while the impact of the printing substrate is less pronounced. Generally, it was noticed how the most stable among prints were prints covered with the black ink, while prints with the yellow ink had the greatest changes in color under the influence of light.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121355587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of our research was to discover whether education in 3D computer graphics and visualisation can improve students' spatial visualisation skills and how the complex project as a design and synthesis of a 3D animation influences students' creativity. Spatial visualisation skills are extremely valuable in various professions, including graphic design and engineering, where 3D modelling and visualisation is becoming increasingly important for the qualitative execution of professional projects. Scientists define two types of three-dimensional skills, spatial visualisation and spatial orientation, where visualisation is understood as the ability to mentally rotate, flip and flip over presented images, while spatial orientation describes the ability to recognise the position or direction of objects in space. Creative process is defined as a sequence of thoughts and actions that lead to original and appropriate productions. The creative process can be discussed on two levels, i.e. macro and micro level with the related phases of the creative process: orientation, preparation, complementary stages after preparation, incubation, idea generation, production. The facultative course Advanced computer 3D graphic and visualisations is taught in the 2nd level studies of Graphic and interactive communication. Through project work, students are encouraged to use their creativity and imagination to create a visually attractive 3D animation that is also interesting in terms of content and in which they can convey the story they want to tell. For this reason, we often held individual sessions in which the teachers made profound corrections to the students' work and made suggestions for the further development of their projects. Experimental methods were: Questionnaires for self-assessment of the creativity process, whereby the students also interpreted their creative process with an illustration and the spatial visualisation test before and after the course. Regular evaluation of their project work with regard to the entire design process, i.e. 3D content creation, planning, technical approach and production, were also carried out. Results of the analysis present an interesting insight in students’ creative process, spatial ability and comprehension of 3D computer graphic that could be considered as teaching/learning guidelines in the coming academic years.
{"title":"Observation on creativity and spatial visualisation skills of graphic arts’ students","authors":"Helena Gabrijelčič Tomc, Tanja Nuša Kočevar","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p63","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our research was to discover whether education in 3D computer graphics and visualisation can improve students' spatial visualisation skills and how the complex project as a design and synthesis of a 3D animation influences students' creativity. Spatial visualisation skills are extremely valuable in various professions, including graphic design and engineering, where 3D modelling and visualisation is becoming increasingly important for the qualitative execution of professional projects. Scientists define two types of three-dimensional skills, spatial visualisation and spatial orientation, where visualisation is understood as the ability to mentally rotate, flip and flip over presented images, while spatial orientation describes the ability to recognise the position or direction of objects in space. Creative process is defined as a sequence of thoughts and actions that lead to original and appropriate productions. The creative process can be discussed on two levels, i.e. macro and micro level with the related phases of the creative process: orientation, preparation, complementary stages after preparation, incubation, idea generation, production. The facultative course Advanced computer 3D graphic and visualisations is taught in the 2nd level studies of Graphic and interactive communication. Through project work, students are encouraged to use their creativity and imagination to create a visually attractive 3D animation that is also interesting in terms of content and in which they can convey the story they want to tell. For this reason, we often held individual sessions in which the teachers made profound corrections to the students' work and made suggestions for the further development of their projects. Experimental methods were: Questionnaires for self-assessment of the creativity process, whereby the students also interpreted their creative process with an illustration and the spatial visualisation test before and after the course. Regular evaluation of their project work with regard to the entire design process, i.e. 3D content creation, planning, technical approach and production, were also carried out. Results of the analysis present an interesting insight in students’ creative process, spatial ability and comprehension of 3D computer graphic that could be considered as teaching/learning guidelines in the coming academic years.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130220135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animation is an exceptionally good medium for educating and raising awareness of the issues that are more difficult to talk about, such as mental illness. The use of animation and graphics in society awareness and education can improve knowledge and communication about issues related to mental illness. Despite various destigmatization activities, people are still reluctant to directly approach individuals suffering from mental illness, partly because they do not have enough knowledge on the subject. Therefore, the aim of our study was to test whether animation can improve the knowledge about appropriate / inappropriate conversations with a person suffering from depression in a Slovenian student population. We focused on education and awareness-based animation (adapted to the target group) to evoke empathy without arousing pity and to indirectly encourage people in need and others to talk about it. The methodology included the surveying of the participants and their knowledge about appropriate and inappropriate conversations with a person suffering from depression (22 phrases, 11 appropriate and 11 inappropriate). 251 participants aged 19 to 30 completed the survey. Participants were asked to rate each phrase for appropriateness on a 5-point Likert scale before and after being exposed to the animation. The results obtained were analysed using the paired samples t-test. The desired change in knowledge was confirmed by comparing the average scores of the survey responses before and after viewing the animation. A statistically significant result was obtained in 18 of 22 sentences. A change in the desired direction was detected in 81% of the statements. Our study had some limitations, but we nevertheless conclude that an awareness-based animation can be a useful tool to increase knowledge and subsequently influence behavioural change in the student population.
{"title":"Evaluation of the impact of an awareness-based animation on students’ knowledge about mental illness","authors":"M. Plot, S. Roškar, Helena Gabrijelčič Tomc","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p75","url":null,"abstract":"Animation is an exceptionally good medium for educating and raising awareness of the issues that are more difficult to talk about, such as mental illness. The use of animation and graphics in society awareness and education can improve knowledge and communication about issues related to mental illness. Despite various destigmatization activities, people are still reluctant to directly approach individuals suffering from mental illness, partly because they do not have enough knowledge on the subject. Therefore, the aim of our study was to test whether animation can improve the knowledge about appropriate / inappropriate conversations with a person suffering from depression in a Slovenian student population. We focused on education and awareness-based animation (adapted to the target group) to evoke empathy without arousing pity and to indirectly encourage people in need and others to talk about it. The methodology included the surveying of the participants and their knowledge about appropriate and inappropriate conversations with a person suffering from depression (22 phrases, 11 appropriate and 11 inappropriate). 251 participants aged 19 to 30 completed the survey. Participants were asked to rate each phrase for appropriateness on a 5-point Likert scale before and after being exposed to the animation. The results obtained were analysed using the paired samples t-test. The desired change in knowledge was confirmed by comparing the average scores of the survey responses before and after viewing the animation. A statistically significant result was obtained in 18 of 22 sentences. A change in the desired direction was detected in 81% of the statements. Our study had some limitations, but we nevertheless conclude that an awareness-based animation can be a useful tool to increase knowledge and subsequently influence behavioural change in the student population.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130928642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bio based materials fall under the broad category of bio-products or bio-based products, which includes materials, chemicals and energy derived from renewable biological resources. This research shows the preparation of both, paper sheets with blend fillers of chitosan and rice starch and chitosan and rice starch films, which could be used as packaging material for a variety of applications. In this research, we used a blend mixture, different concentrations of chitosan and rice starch both in paper production and in films to investigate the optical properties of the obtained materials with a combination of ultrasonic treatment during the film formation. The research showed that the optical properties of the obtained packaging materials improved. It also showed that blend fillers of chitosan and rice starch are effective paper fillers in the preparation of cellulose mixture for bio based packaging materials and the optical properties are with slight changes. The investigation on the optical properties of the obtained paper samples during accelerated thermal showed that the ageing of paper with addition of chitosan and chitosan and rice starch blends had the same behaviour through the 72 hours of ageing. The ultrasonic treatment of the films improved transparency. The surface at untreated blend film was more uneven compared to chitosan and rice starch films, which improved after the treatment.
{"title":"Investigation of the optical properties of chitosan and rice starch blends, as a filler in paper or as a film for packaging applications","authors":"Urška Vrabič Brodnjak, Dimitrina Atanasova Todorova","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p5","url":null,"abstract":"Bio based materials fall under the broad category of bio-products or bio-based products, which includes materials, chemicals and energy derived from renewable biological resources. This research shows the preparation of both, paper sheets with blend fillers of chitosan and rice starch and chitosan and rice starch films, which could be used as packaging material for a variety of applications. In this research, we used a blend mixture, different concentrations of chitosan and rice starch both in paper production and in films to investigate the optical properties of the obtained materials with a combination of ultrasonic treatment during the film formation. The research showed that the optical properties of the obtained packaging materials improved. It also showed that blend fillers of chitosan and rice starch are effective paper fillers in the preparation of cellulose mixture for bio based packaging materials and the optical properties are with slight changes. The investigation on the optical properties of the obtained paper samples during accelerated thermal showed that the ageing of paper with addition of chitosan and chitosan and rice starch blends had the same behaviour through the 72 hours of ageing. The ultrasonic treatment of the films improved transparency. The surface at untreated blend film was more uneven compared to chitosan and rice starch films, which improved after the treatment.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130609104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changes in consumer preferences in order to reach safe food have led to innovations in packaging technologies. Intelligent and active packaging is a constantly developed packaging technology that plans to offer safer and higher quality products. Active packaging refers to the inclusion of additives in the package in order to maintain and / or extend shelf life and product quality. Intelligent systems, on the other hand, are systems that monitor the status of packaged food during this entire period to provide information about the quality of the packaged during storage and transportation. The aim of this study is to produce a completely natural intelligent packaging material using rosehip extract and biopolymer, which is a substance that naturally changes color with pH. In this study, cellulose acetate butyrate biobased films containing different rates (1, 2.5, 5, 10 wt%) of rosehip extract were produced by solvent casting method. The chemical structure the rosehip containing biobased film and blank biobased film were characterized by ATR-FTIR. The transparency of prepared five different films were determined by UV spectroscopy. The color characteristic of blank and rosehip containing films measured with spectrophotometer. Surface energy of all films and contact angles were determined with goniometer. Biobased films were printed and printability parameters such as color, gloss, contact angle, surface tension were examined. It is concluded that blank biobased film is colorless, transparent and all biobased films have good printability. It was determined that the amount of rosehip extract increased the color change visibly. The biobased films obtained are pink in acidic medium and yellow-green in alkaline medium. The results prove that biobased film produced with rosehip extract and cellulose acetate butyrate can be used in intelligent packaging applications.
{"title":"Biobased intelligent packaging application","authors":"Aslı Beyler Çiğil","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p40","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in consumer preferences in order to reach safe food have led to innovations in packaging technologies. Intelligent and active packaging is a constantly developed packaging technology that plans to offer safer and higher quality products. Active packaging refers to the inclusion of additives in the package in order to maintain and / or extend shelf life and product quality. Intelligent systems, on the other hand, are systems that monitor the status of packaged food during this entire period to provide information about the quality of the packaged during storage and transportation. The aim of this study is to produce a completely natural intelligent packaging material using rosehip extract and biopolymer, which is a substance that naturally changes color with pH. In this study, cellulose acetate butyrate biobased films containing different rates (1, 2.5, 5, 10 wt%) of rosehip extract were produced by solvent casting method. The chemical structure the rosehip containing biobased film and blank biobased film were characterized by ATR-FTIR. The transparency of prepared five different films were determined by UV spectroscopy. The color characteristic of blank and rosehip containing films measured with spectrophotometer. Surface energy of all films and contact angles were determined with goniometer. Biobased films were printed and printability parameters such as color, gloss, contact angle, surface tension were examined. It is concluded that blank biobased film is colorless, transparent and all biobased films have good printability. It was determined that the amount of rosehip extract increased the color change visibly. The biobased films obtained are pink in acidic medium and yellow-green in alkaline medium. The results prove that biobased film produced with rosehip extract and cellulose acetate butyrate can be used in intelligent packaging applications.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133849241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Customer expectations have changed due to the developing technology and changing and improving product variety. This has led the printing industry, the packaging sector in particular, to grow considerably. The food industry along with the increasing need to preserve food long periods of time have led to the need to develop methods that preserve the freshness and safety of food products during their shelf-life. For this reason, attention was paid to packaging systems to facilitate food processing, preserve food quality, extend shelf-life, and prevent the food from spoiling. Thanks to these systems, packaging went beyond being a simple barrier outside the food, and has also taken upon roles of releasing protective agents or removing unwanted matter. Microbial growth is one of the most important factors that cause food to spoil. Although the problem has previously been tried to be solved by heating, drying, fermentation, freezing and adding antimicrobial agents, there are limitations, especially when used with fresh food. Today, a new generation of technologies have been introduced to monitor the condition of products with a tiny sensor or label placed onto the packaging. Smart packaging is a packaging material that not only improves the basic functions of a product, but also responds to stimuli around this product. Smart packaging in general, has two main categories, namely intelligent packaging and active packaging. This study will examine the concept of smart packaging that has emerged due to increased competitiveness, digital interaction and consumer awareness, changes in consumer behaviour and expectations, and improved interest in product safety. As a result, it is obvious that state-of-the-art smart packaging, which can connect to the Internet and has many channels of interaction, will bring about new business models and create new customer experiences and will replace conventional packaging, which has no interactions, in the near future.
{"title":"New approaches in smart packaging technologies","authors":"Arif Ozcan","doi":"10.24867/grid-2020-p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p1","url":null,"abstract":"Customer expectations have changed due to the developing technology and changing and improving product variety. This has led the printing industry, the packaging sector in particular, to grow considerably. The food industry along with the increasing need to preserve food long periods of time have led to the need to develop methods that preserve the freshness and safety of food products during their shelf-life. For this reason, attention was paid to packaging systems to facilitate food processing, preserve food quality, extend shelf-life, and prevent the food from spoiling. Thanks to these systems, packaging went beyond being a simple barrier outside the food, and has also taken upon roles of releasing protective agents or removing unwanted matter. Microbial growth is one of the most important factors that cause food to spoil. Although the problem has previously been tried to be solved by heating, drying, fermentation, freezing and adding antimicrobial agents, there are limitations, especially when used with fresh food. Today, a new generation of technologies have been introduced to monitor the condition of products with a tiny sensor or label placed onto the packaging. Smart packaging is a packaging material that not only improves the basic functions of a product, but also responds to stimuli around this product. Smart packaging in general, has two main categories, namely intelligent packaging and active packaging. This study will examine the concept of smart packaging that has emerged due to increased competitiveness, digital interaction and consumer awareness, changes in consumer behaviour and expectations, and improved interest in product safety. As a result, it is obvious that state-of-the-art smart packaging, which can connect to the Internet and has many channels of interaction, will bring about new business models and create new customer experiences and will replace conventional packaging, which has no interactions, in the near future.","PeriodicalId":425854,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - The Tenth International Symposium GRID 2020","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123674926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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