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The Classocracy League of Canada 加拿大政教联盟
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10038
Bàrbara Molas
This article recounts the neglected story of a group of radical-right intellectuals based in Montreal, who mobilized during the 1930s for the establishment of a new Canadian state. Inspired by Ukrainian ultraconservative thought, the Italian School of Elitism, and fascist corporatism, this diverse group founded an interwar movement called the Classocracy League of Canada. Their vision framed Canadian identity in Christian and European supremacist terms, while its leading members were engaged with other Canadian and transnational fascistic organizations, such as the Christian National Social Party and the Friends of National Spain. Although the Classocracy League of Canada remained ultimately marginal, its vision of racially restricted pluralism represented a novel form of exclusionary politics at the basis of which was fascist ideology.
这篇文章讲述了一群在蒙特利尔的极右翼知识分子的故事,他们在20世纪30年代为建立一个新的加拿大国家而动员起来。受乌克兰极端保守主义思想、意大利精英主义学派和法西斯社团主义的启发,这个多元化的团体在两次世界大战之间发起了一场名为加拿大古典政治联盟(classsocracy League of Canada)的运动。他们的愿景以基督教和欧洲至上主义的方式塑造了加拿大的身份,而其主要成员则与其他加拿大和跨国法西斯组织有联系,如基督教国家社会党和西班牙国家之友。尽管加拿大古典政治联盟最终仍然处于边缘地位,但其种族限制多元化的愿景代表了一种新的排他性政治形式,其基础是法西斯意识形态。
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引用次数: 0
The Pan-Fascist Paradox 泛法西斯悖论
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10036
Aron Brouwer
To better understand cross-border fascist solidarity, this article suggests a new conceptual framework revolving around the term ‘pan-fascism’ and its ‘paradox’. It argues that the existence or non-existence of a pan-fascist ‘paradox’ in the minds of historical fascists is a matter of optics, as it all depends on who is mobilizing the notion of fascist transnationalism. Because of such optical issues, which all must be unpacked historically, the conceptual framework of ‘pan-fascism’ does not offer a simple solution. It, rather, puts emphasis on a key question: how did certain fascists, at various moments in their lives, think about the possibility of fascist transnationalism? To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, this paper takes the work, thought, and practices of the French editors of Je suis partout as a case study, and demonstrates how they attempted to reconcile their commitment to French nationalism with fascist transnationalism.
为了更好地理解跨界法西斯团结,本文提出了一个围绕“泛法西斯主义”及其“悖论”的新概念框架。它认为,在历史法西斯主义者的头脑中存在或不存在泛法西斯“悖论”是一个光学问题,因为它完全取决于谁在动员法西斯跨国主义的概念。由于这些光学问题,所有这些问题都必须从历史上解开,“泛法西斯主义”的概念框架并没有提供一个简单的解决方案。相反,它把重点放在了一个关键问题上:某些法西斯主义者,在他们生命中的不同时刻,是如何思考法西斯跨国主义的可能性的?为了证明这种方法的有效性,本文以《我是一个人》的法国编辑的工作、思想和实践为案例,并展示了他们如何试图调和他们对法国民族主义与法西斯跨国主义的承诺。
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引用次数: 1
When the Medium Is Not the Message 当媒介不是消息时
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10025
Fredrik Wilhelmsen
While much academic effort has been devoted to exploring various aspects of right-wing extremist lone-actor terrorism, little attention has been devoted to establishing how the terrorists create meaning by locating themselves within a larger narration of history. This article tries to fill this gap, by analysing the conceptions of history and the historical narratives evoked in the manifestos that the right-wing extremist perpetrators uploaded online in relation to the terrorist attacks in Norway on July 22, 2011 and in Christchurch, New Zealand March 15, 2019. Employing a combination of discourse and narrative analysis, the article argues that a shared fascist ‘regime of historicity’ may be identified in the manifestos. Furthermore, it places the narratives found in the manifestos in relation to different right-wing extremist virtual communities.
虽然学术界一直致力于探索右翼极端主义独当一面恐怖主义的各个方面,但很少关注恐怖分子如何通过将自己定位在更大的历史叙述中来创造意义。本文试图通过分析右翼极端分子在网上上传的与2011年7月22日挪威和2019年3月15日新西兰克赖斯特彻奇恐怖袭击有关的宣言中唤起的历史概念和历史叙事来填补这一空白。文章结合话语和叙事分析,认为宣言中可能会确定一个共同的法西斯“历史性政权”。此外,它将宣言中的叙述与不同的右翼极端主义虚拟社区联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Federalist Fascism 联邦党法西斯
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10003
Nicolai von Eggers
This article analyses the New Right’s understanding of the French Revolution. Since the most prominent intellectual of the New Right, Alain de Benoist, frames ‘Jacobinism’ as the New Right’s main enemy, the New Right may be understood as a counter-tradition to what it understands as Jacobinism. De Benoist defines Jacobinism as an ideology that makes people essentially equal and identical by means of the state. Against this, he posits what he calls ‘federalism’—a project which aims at promoting and defending ethnic, cultural and other differences. In this article, the author shows how the New Right creates a mythical counter-tradition of federalism. We should understand this as a ‘federalist fascism’: instead of mass parties and an authoritarian nation-state, the New Right seeks the mythical rebirth of an Indo-European community consisting of various regional peoples who will supposedly realise their authentic nature through ethnically purified societies governed by a federal European-wide system.
本文分析了新右派对法国大革命的理解。由于新右派中最杰出的知识分子阿兰·德·贝诺斯特(Alain de Benoist)将“雅各宾主义”定义为新右派的主要敌人,新右派可以被理解为它所理解的雅各宾主义的反传统。德贝诺斯特将雅各宾主义定义为一种通过国家手段使人们在本质上平等和相同的意识形态。与此相反,他提出了他所谓的“联邦制”——一个旨在促进和捍卫种族、文化和其他差异的项目。在这篇文章中,作者展示了新右派如何创造了一个神话般的反联邦主义传统。我们应该将其理解为“联邦主义法西斯主义”:新右翼寻求的不是群众政党和专制的民族国家,而是一个由不同地区民族组成的印欧共同体的神话般的重生,这些民族有望通过由欧洲范围内的联邦制管理的种族净化社会实现其真正的本质。
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引用次数: 1
Debate: Decolonising Fascist Studies 辩论:非殖民化法西斯研究
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10039
Liam John Liburd, P. Jackson
The drive to decolonise is of central importance to the study of fascism, which after all was and remains a politics rooted in specific conceptions of colonialism and race. In this article, we have invited both leading academics and early career scholars to reflect on how we might ‘decolonise’ fascist studies. Their comments approach fascism in a range of contexts, and offer reflections on how to frame future research questions, approach methodological issues, and consider how fascism studies might develop a more overt and clear stance on the problems posed by decolonising the subject area more broadly. It is hoped that these commentaries will enrich the field of fascist studies and, in turn, do more to relate it to the work of scholars in other relevant areas of study, particularly those working on critical theories of race and racism. Contributors to this debate are: Leslie James, Raul Carstocea, Daniel Hedinger, Liam J. Liburd, Cathy Bergin, Benjamin Bland, Evan Smith, Jonathan Hyslop, Benjamin Zachariah, and Caroline Campbell.
非殖民化的动力对于研究法西斯主义至关重要,毕竟法西斯主义是一种根植于特定殖民主义和种族概念的政治。在这篇文章中,我们邀请了领先的学者和早期的职业学者来反思我们如何将法西斯研究“去殖民化”。他们的评论在一系列背景下探讨法西斯主义,并就如何构建未来的研究问题、方法问题提供了思考,并考虑法西斯主义研究如何在更广泛的主题领域非殖民化所带来的问题上发展出更公开、更明确的立场。我们希望这些评论能够丰富法西斯研究领域,并反过来将其与其他相关研究领域的学者的工作联系起来,特别是那些致力于种族和种族主义批判理论的学者。参与这场辩论的有:莱斯利·詹姆斯、劳尔·卡斯多切亚、丹尼尔·海丁格、利亚姆·j·利伯德、凯茜·伯金、本杰明·布兰德、埃文·史密斯、乔纳森·希斯洛普、本杰明·撒迦利亚和卡罗琳·坎贝尔。
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引用次数: 1
A Root Which Never Grew 永不枯萎的根
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10005
M. Camilleri
Prior to the Second World War, Malta appeared vulnerable to fascist influence due to the connections between the Italian Fascist regime and Malta’s irredentist political movement, then led by Nerik Mizzi. In part this Fascist influence was present in cultural propaganda promoting irredentist ideas such as the ‘Mare Nostrum’, which Mizzi and his conservative political party, the Partito Nazionalista, helped propagate. However, previously unseen British documents also reveal significant financial support by the Italian government to Mizzi and his political activities. Mizzi never disclosed this, including the financial support he was granted by Mussolini after having met him personally in Rome on 30 November 1936. Mizzi never openly expounded fascist views, although he consistently supported an irredentist vision of Malta and openly campaigned for Malta to fall under Italy’s jurisdiction. Meanwhile, support for domestic fascist organisations was negligible. At the onset of the War, the Imperial Government started to clamp down on the irredentists, eventually exiling Mizzi and most of his collaborators. The author argues that Mizzi’s dalliance with fascism was not just a convenient relationship for a greater cause, but also a direct acceptance of fascist politics given that making Malta part of Italy’s jurisdiction would also have meant accepting fascist rule.
在第二次世界大战之前,由于意大利法西斯政权与当时由内里克·米兹领导的马耳他民族统一主义政治运动之间的联系,马耳他似乎很容易受到法西斯主义的影响。在某种程度上,这种法西斯主义的影响体现在文化宣传中,促进了民族统一主义的思想,比如米齐和他的保守政党纳粹党(Partito Nazionalista)帮助宣传的“我们的祖国”(Mare Nostrum)。然而,以前未见过的英国文件也揭示了意大利政府对米齐及其政治活动的重大财政支持。米齐从未透露过这一点,包括1936年11月30日在罗马亲自会见墨索里尼后,他得到墨索里尼给予的经济支持。米齐从未公开表达过法西斯主义的观点,尽管他一直支持马耳他的统一主义愿景,并公开呼吁将马耳他纳入意大利的管辖范围。与此同时,对国内法西斯组织的支持微不足道。在战争开始时,帝国政府开始镇压民族统一主义者,最终将米兹和他的大部分合作者驱逐出境。作者认为,米齐与法西斯主义的暧昧关系不仅是为了更大的事业,而且是对法西斯政治的直接接受,因为让马耳他成为意大利管辖范围的一部分也意味着接受法西斯统治。
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引用次数: 0
Creating the Paradigm of ‘New Nation’ 创建“新国家”范式
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-bja10032
A. Hruboň
Despite its official Catholic nature, Jozef Tiso’s Slovak State apparatus adopted not only the teachings of the eugenic movement but also the racial-hygiene ideology of National Socialist Germany, which it gradually implemented into its political culture. This study presents how eugenic and racial-hygiene thinking was introduced into the structures of Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana (HSĽS; Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party), the self-governing party of independent Slovakia during the Second World War, against the backdrop of developmental trends in Europe. What is emphasized here is the gradual formation of the racial paradigm in the spirit of a eugenic and racial-hygiene framework, as well as the formation of a ‘pure Aryan Slovak nation’ cult, physically and mentally contrasting with racially-hygienically ‘unclean and degenerate’ Jews and Roma.
尽管其官方的天主教性质,但Jozef Tiso的斯洛伐克国家机器不仅采用了优生运动的教义,而且还采用了国家社会主义德国的种族卫生意识形态,并逐渐将其纳入其政治文化。本研究展示了优生和种族卫生思想是如何被引入到Hlinkova slovensk ľudová strana (HSĽS;在欧洲发展趋势的背景下,Hlinka的斯洛伐克人民党(Slovak People 's Party)是第二次世界大战期间独立的斯洛伐克的自治政党。这里强调的是在优生学和种族卫生框架的精神下逐渐形成的种族范式,以及“纯粹雅利安斯洛伐克民族”邪教的形成,与种族卫生“不洁和堕落”的犹太人和罗姆人形成鲜明的身心对比。
{"title":"Creating the Paradigm of ‘New Nation’","authors":"A. Hruboň","doi":"10.1163/22116257-bja10032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22116257-bja10032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Despite its official Catholic nature, Jozef Tiso’s Slovak State apparatus adopted not only the teachings of the eugenic movement but also the racial-hygiene ideology of National Socialist Germany, which it gradually implemented into its political culture. This study presents how eugenic and racial-hygiene thinking was introduced into the structures of Hlinkova slovenská ľudová strana (HSĽS; Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party), the self-governing party of independent Slovakia during the Second World War, against the backdrop of developmental trends in Europe. What is emphasized here is the gradual formation of the racial paradigm in the spirit of a eugenic and racial-hygiene framework, as well as the formation of a ‘pure Aryan Slovak nation’ cult, physically and mentally contrasting with racially-hygienically ‘unclean and degenerate’ Jews and Roma.","PeriodicalId":42586,"journal":{"name":"Fascism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45782599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Niklas Frank, Dunkle Seele, feiges Maul: Wie absurd, komisch und skandalös sich die Deutschen beim Entnazifizieren reinwaschen Niklas Frank,《黑暗灵魂》,《胆小鬼的嘴》:荒谬、滑稽和丑闻的德国人如何在去纳粹化过程中洗手不干
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-06-24 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-10010013
Norman Simms, Thomas Klikauer
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引用次数: 0
‘The Girl Who Was Chased by Fire’: Violence and Passion in Contemporary Swedish Fascist Fiction “被火追的女孩”:当代瑞典法西斯小说中的暴力与激情
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-06-24 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-10010004
M. Gardell
Fascism invites its adherents to be part of something greater than themselves, invoking their longing for honor and glory, passion and heroism. An important avenue for articulating its affective dimension is cultural production. This article investigates the role of violence and passion in contemporary Swedish-language fascist fiction. The protagonist is typically a young white man or woman who wakes up to the realities of the ongoing white genocide through being exposed to violent crime committed by racialized aliens protected by the System. Seeking revenge, the protagonist learns how to be a man or meets her hero, and is introduced to fascist ideology and the art of killing. Fascist literature identifies aggression and ethnical cleansing as altruistic acts of love. With its passionate celebration of violence, fascism hails the productivity of destructivity, and the life-bequeathing aspects of death, which is at the core of fascism’s urge for national rebirth.
法西斯主义邀请其追随者成为比自己更伟大的事物的一部分,唤起他们对荣誉和荣耀、激情和英雄主义的渴望。阐明其情感维度的一个重要途径是文化生产。本文探讨了暴力与激情在当代瑞典语法西斯小说中的作用。主人公通常是一个年轻的白人男女,他们通过暴露在受体制保护的种族化外国人犯下的暴力犯罪中,意识到正在进行的白人种族灭绝的现实。为了复仇,主人公学会了如何成为一个男人或遇到了她的英雄,并被引入了法西斯意识形态和杀戮艺术。法西斯文学认为侵略和种族清洗是无私的爱的行为。法西斯主义以其对暴力的热情庆祝,赞扬破坏性的生产力,以及死亡带来的生命遗产,这是法西斯主义渴望国家复兴的核心。
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引用次数: 1
Skogler: Photography at the Service of Falangism (Zaragoza, July 1936) 斯科格勒:为法兰哲主义服务的摄影(萨拉戈萨,1936年7月)
IF 0.3 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-06-24 DOI: 10.1163/22116257-10010002
Diego Navarro-Bonilla, Jesús Robledano-Arillo
This article analyses the role of ‘Skogler’ (Ángel Cortés Gracia), a photographer who worked for the insurgent Falangist forces in the city of Zaragoza, the capital of Aragón, from the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Skogler’s strong and early ties to the fascist movement, going back years before the war, suggest a special profile of an individual who supported the Falangist party by means of visual propaganda and printed photographs. Most of the photographs selected for study here have never been published before. They were shot in the early days of the military uprising against the Republic and help give us a more accurate understanding of armed fascism in the Aragonese capital, which ultimately fell to the rebels. This paper is part of an ongoing research project and exhibition to analyse and describe the contents and physical characteristics of the Skogler Archive, composed of more than 3,500 negatives recovered in diverse chronological phases.
本文分析了“Skogler”(Ángel Cortés Gracia饰)的角色,他是一名摄影师,从西班牙内战开始就为阿拉贡首府萨拉戈萨市的法兰哲叛乱部队工作。斯科格勒与法西斯运动的早期联系可以追溯到战前几年,这表明了一个通过视觉宣传和印刷照片支持法兰哲党的人的特殊形象。这里被选中研究的大多数照片以前从未发表过。他们是在反对共和国的军事起义初期被枪杀的,这有助于我们更准确地了解阿拉贡首都的武装法西斯主义,最终落入叛军手中。本文是正在进行的研究项目和展览的一部分,旨在分析和描述斯科格勒档案馆的内容和物理特征,该档案馆由3500多张按不同时间阶段回收的底片组成。
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引用次数: 0
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Fascism
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