Pub Date : 2019-12-29DOI: 10.1504/ijhd.2019.10026094
Damien Cassells
The factors that contribute towards an individual seeking help from a counsellor or psychotherapist for a mental, nervous or emotional problem are explored in this study. A multivariate logistic regression is applied to analyse data from the 2006 National Psychological Wellbeing and Distress Survey. Individuals living in rural areas and in towns with populations of between 5,000 and 10,000 people are found to be less likely to seek counselling, relative to individuals living in Dublin City. Respondents earning the lowest income were less likely to enter therapy compared with respondents earning the highest, while having private health insurance increased the probability of a respondent entering therapy. Individuals aged between 18 and 39 years and between 50 and 64 years are more likely to seek the help of a counsellor. Finally, attending a general practitioner, psychologist, social worker, or member of the clergy increased the likelihood of an individual seeking help from a counsellor or psychotherapist. No such effect was found for attending either a psychiatrist or nurse.
{"title":"Help-seeking from a counsellor or psychotherapist: a cross-sectional study of Irish adults","authors":"Damien Cassells","doi":"10.1504/ijhd.2019.10026094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2019.10026094","url":null,"abstract":"The factors that contribute towards an individual seeking help from a counsellor or psychotherapist for a mental, nervous or emotional problem are explored in this study. A multivariate logistic regression is applied to analyse data from the 2006 National Psychological Wellbeing and Distress Survey. Individuals living in rural areas and in towns with populations of between 5,000 and 10,000 people are found to be less likely to seek counselling, relative to individuals living in Dublin City. Respondents earning the lowest income were less likely to enter therapy compared with respondents earning the highest, while having private health insurance increased the probability of a respondent entering therapy. Individuals aged between 18 and 39 years and between 50 and 64 years are more likely to seek the help of a counsellor. Finally, attending a general practitioner, psychologist, social worker, or member of the clergy increased the likelihood of an individual seeking help from a counsellor or psychotherapist. No such effect was found for attending either a psychiatrist or nurse.","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46268182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.1504/ijhd.2019.10026092
Robson Mandishekwa, Enard Mutenheri
This study was prompted by the scarcity of literature on life satisfaction among mining-induced displacees in less developed economies. The study therefore quantified life satisfaction and determined the correlates of life satisfaction among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Arda Transau. It was found that generally life satisfaction has not largely changed between pre-and post-displacement periods but the change was statistically significant. Ordered Logit Model results indicate that current life satisfaction is significantly determined by household size, social capital and neighbourhood characteristics while future life satisfaction depends on social support, perceived health status and neighbourhood characteristics. Recommendations from the study include that individuals must make use of their social connectedness to derive maximum benefits since social capital and social support were found to be among the major determinants of life satisfaction among IDPs.
{"title":"Quantification and modelling life satisfaction among internal displacees in Arda Transau, Zimbabwe","authors":"Robson Mandishekwa, Enard Mutenheri","doi":"10.1504/ijhd.2019.10026092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2019.10026092","url":null,"abstract":"This study was prompted by the scarcity of literature on life satisfaction among mining-induced displacees in less developed economies. The study therefore quantified life satisfaction and determined the correlates of life satisfaction among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Arda Transau. It was found that generally life satisfaction has not largely changed between pre-and post-displacement periods but the change was statistically significant. Ordered Logit Model results indicate that current life satisfaction is significantly determined by household size, social capital and neighbourhood characteristics while future life satisfaction depends on social support, perceived health status and neighbourhood characteristics. Recommendations from the study include that individuals must make use of their social connectedness to derive maximum benefits since social capital and social support were found to be among the major determinants of life satisfaction among IDPs.","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49497781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.1504/ijhd.2019.10026093
Liang-Hung Lin, Yu-Ling Ho, Tai Yu Lee, W. Lin
This study explores the differences between male and female employees in individual creativity and personal playfulness. Findings of this study showed that male employees have more personal playfulness than female employees, whereas female employees who received higher education and have more support from their husband tend to show higher levels of personal playfulness and creativity. Moreover, personal playfulness can increase employee creativity and such increase differs between male and female employees. By considering playfulness in the workplace as a personality trait, this study therefore contributes to the existing literature of human resource development.
{"title":"Gender, playfulness, and creativity: a perspective of human resource development","authors":"Liang-Hung Lin, Yu-Ling Ho, Tai Yu Lee, W. Lin","doi":"10.1504/ijhd.2019.10026093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2019.10026093","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the differences between male and female employees in individual creativity and personal playfulness. Findings of this study showed that male employees have more personal playfulness than female employees, whereas female employees who received higher education and have more support from their husband tend to show higher levels of personal playfulness and creativity. Moreover, personal playfulness can increase employee creativity and such increase differs between male and female employees. By considering playfulness in the workplace as a personality trait, this study therefore contributes to the existing literature of human resource development.","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48892157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025009
Pawel D. Mankiewicz
Despite a marked interest of psychosocial sciences in psychosis, there remains a scarcity of academic literature describing experiences of subjective wellbeing (SWB) among individuals with such condition. A recently published model of strengths-based cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (sbCBTp) explicitly recognises individual SWB as a central target in individual recovery. As such, sbCBTp integrates applied positive psychology interventions within the realms of an evidence-based psychotherapy to help individuals with psychosis recover beyond the point of symptom reduction. To date, no single subject research has been published describing a systematic implementation of sbCBTp undertaken within a clinical environment. This rigorous case study addresses such a gap in empirical literature. Standardised measurements, behaviour frequency sampling, and subjective data were utilised to evaluate the outcomes, indicating a considerable improvement in the client's SWB. The paper highlights the applicability of strengths-based psychotherapeutic strategies in helping individuals with complex mental ill-health achieve reasonable levels of life satisfaction.
{"title":"Increasing subjective wellbeing with strengths-based cognitive behavioural psychotherapy in first episode psychosis","authors":"Pawel D. Mankiewicz","doi":"10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025009","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a marked interest of psychosocial sciences in psychosis, there remains a scarcity of academic literature describing experiences of subjective wellbeing (SWB) among individuals with such condition. A recently published model of strengths-based cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (sbCBTp) explicitly recognises individual SWB as a central target in individual recovery. As such, sbCBTp integrates applied positive psychology interventions within the realms of an evidence-based psychotherapy to help individuals with psychosis recover beyond the point of symptom reduction. To date, no single subject research has been published describing a systematic implementation of sbCBTp undertaken within a clinical environment. This rigorous case study addresses such a gap in empirical literature. Standardised measurements, behaviour frequency sampling, and subjective data were utilised to evaluate the outcomes, indicating a considerable improvement in the client's SWB. The paper highlights the applicability of strengths-based psychotherapeutic strategies in helping individuals with complex mental ill-health achieve reasonable levels of life satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48241634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025012
S. K. Z. Badri
At present, well-being remains as an important topic that is constantly discussed in the academia setting. Intense technological revolution and changes in administration, approaches as well as job characteristics have increased the need for thorough well-being administration among workers in higher education sectors, especially among academics as they serve as the backbone of higher education system. That said, this paper investigated the well-being conditions of academics through the lenses of their work-life balance. To address this proposition, a total of 307 academics were observed, whereby their conditions of well-being were investigated by evaluating their mental health, job satisfaction and turnover intention. This study utilised a quantitative approach, using a self-administered survey as the data collection tool. Results obtained pointed out two important patterns, one of which was that poor work-life balance was connected to poor condition of mental health, lower job satisfaction and higher turnover intention. In contrary, great work-life balance was linked with good mental health condition, higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intention. Discussion drawn from this paper highlighted the significance and twofold effects of work-life balance in affecting academics' well-being, which will in turn benefit future researchers, human resource practitioners and academics itself.
{"title":"Affective well-being in the higher education sector: connecting work-life balance with mental health, job satisfaction and turnover intention issues inside the academia setting","authors":"S. K. Z. Badri","doi":"10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025012","url":null,"abstract":"At present, well-being remains as an important topic that is constantly discussed in the academia setting. Intense technological revolution and changes in administration, approaches as well as job characteristics have increased the need for thorough well-being administration among workers in higher education sectors, especially among academics as they serve as the backbone of higher education system. That said, this paper investigated the well-being conditions of academics through the lenses of their work-life balance. To address this proposition, a total of 307 academics were observed, whereby their conditions of well-being were investigated by evaluating their mental health, job satisfaction and turnover intention. This study utilised a quantitative approach, using a self-administered survey as the data collection tool. Results obtained pointed out two important patterns, one of which was that poor work-life balance was connected to poor condition of mental health, lower job satisfaction and higher turnover intention. In contrary, great work-life balance was linked with good mental health condition, higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intention. Discussion drawn from this paper highlighted the significance and twofold effects of work-life balance in affecting academics' well-being, which will in turn benefit future researchers, human resource practitioners and academics itself.","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44332069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025011
Iddisah Sulemana, H. James
Although hunger levels across the globe have generally declined in the last two decades, food insecurity remains a global public policy concern. Moreover, the majority of the world's most food insecure people reside in South East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. These regions are also among the world's regions with some of the lowest scores of subjective wellbeing, another public policy priority engaging world leaders. In this study, we examine association between food insecurity and subjective wellbeing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from the Wave 6 of the World Values Survey for five countries, our results from OLS regressions reveal that food insecure people are significantly less likely to report being satisfied with their lives. A potential policy implication of our findings is that by reducing food insecurity public policy in Sub-Saharan Africa could improve subjective wellbeing.
{"title":"The association between food insecurity and subjective wellbeing in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Iddisah Sulemana, H. James","doi":"10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025011","url":null,"abstract":"Although hunger levels across the globe have generally declined in the last two decades, food insecurity remains a global public policy concern. Moreover, the majority of the world's most food insecure people reside in South East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. These regions are also among the world's regions with some of the lowest scores of subjective wellbeing, another public policy priority engaging world leaders. In this study, we examine association between food insecurity and subjective wellbeing in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from the Wave 6 of the World Values Survey for five countries, our results from OLS regressions reveal that food insecure people are significantly less likely to report being satisfied with their lives. A potential policy implication of our findings is that by reducing food insecurity public policy in Sub-Saharan Africa could improve subjective wellbeing.","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43565405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025013
Hatice Odacı, Özkan Çıkrıkçı, Neslihan Çıkrıkçı, F. Aydın
This research aimed to investigate the correlation between life satisfaction of university students in the young adult period with cognitive flexibility and attachment styles. The research group comprised 633 university students. The results of data analysis found a positive significant correlation between life satisfaction of students and cognitive flexibility (r= .25, p .05) and grade variables (F(5, 617) = 1.54, p > 0.05).
本研究旨在探讨青年期大学生生活满意度与认知弹性和依恋类型的关系。该研究小组由633名大学生组成。数据分析结果发现，学生生活满意度与认知灵活性(r= 0.25, p .05)和年级变量(F(5,617) = 1.54, p > .05)呈显著正相关。
{"title":"An exploration of the associations among cognitive flexibility, attachment styles and life satisfaction","authors":"Hatice Odacı, Özkan Çıkrıkçı, Neslihan Çıkrıkçı, F. Aydın","doi":"10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025013","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to investigate the correlation between life satisfaction of university students in the young adult period with cognitive flexibility and attachment styles. The research group comprised 633 university students. The results of data analysis found a positive significant correlation between life satisfaction of students and cognitive flexibility (r= .25, p .05) and grade variables (F(5, 617) = 1.54, p > 0.05).","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48899767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025014
K. Cramer, Rebecca Pschibul
How well we can we predict a citizen's happiness? Numerous antecedent factors - including higher creativity, optimism, longevity; and lower hostility and self-centredness - have been identified as important. The present study compared the antecedents that contribute to personal happiness from several large urban centres around the world, testing the hypothesis of model invariance that supposes any given model may be applied globally. Data from an archival dataset (Lee, 2006) included various elements of city life: economy, culture and education, income, safety, living conditions, city administration, health, city pride, and current level of happiness. Results showed each urban centre required a unique profile of antecedents, offering little evidence to support the invariance assumption. Overall, health was the most common predictor of happiness (especially for males), followed by city pride and household income. Lower explained variance was typical among the samples, suggesting that additional factors are required to capture the scope of urban quality of life. Future research directions are discussed.
{"title":"Finding the skeleton key to happiness: evaluating model invariance of subjective well-being in a comparison of large urban centres worldwide","authors":"K. Cramer, Rebecca Pschibul","doi":"10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijhd.2019.10025014","url":null,"abstract":"How well we can we predict a citizen's happiness? Numerous antecedent factors - including higher creativity, optimism, longevity; and lower hostility and self-centredness - have been identified as important. The present study compared the antecedents that contribute to personal happiness from several large urban centres around the world, testing the hypothesis of model invariance that supposes any given model may be applied globally. Data from an archival dataset (Lee, 2006) included various elements of city life: economy, culture and education, income, safety, living conditions, city administration, health, city pride, and current level of happiness. Results showed each urban centre required a unique profile of antecedents, offering little evidence to support the invariance assumption. Overall, health was the most common predictor of happiness (especially for males), followed by city pride and household income. Lower explained variance was typical among the samples, suggesting that additional factors are required to capture the scope of urban quality of life. Future research directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43817977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-23DOI: 10.1504/IJHD.2019.10020773
M. Abedin, Kanon Kumar Sen, M. Hossain
This paper explores the impact of human development on economic growth in a large Asian panel, covering more than 83% of the entire Asian economy, by using data from 1990 to 2014 for each country. In this paper, the growth model considering human development unlike Malthusian and Neoclassical views is augmented with other key macroeconomic variables namely per capita electricity consumption and capital formation to represent a hyperopic view of impact on economic growth. Human development has significant positive impact on economic growth both in the short-run and in the long-run like that of electricity consumption and capital formation. However, fertility has significant negative impact on economic growth in the short-run unlike that of the long-run. Imbalance in economic growth takes approximately 9.5 years to adjust. Innovation in human development makes economic growth respond slightly positively in next 8 years and explains a part of variation in economic growth.
{"title":"Human development and economic growth in Asia: a dynamic panel cointegration and causality analysis","authors":"M. Abedin, Kanon Kumar Sen, M. Hossain","doi":"10.1504/IJHD.2019.10020773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2019.10020773","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the impact of human development on economic growth in a large Asian panel, covering more than 83% of the entire Asian economy, by using data from 1990 to 2014 for each country. In this paper, the growth model considering human development unlike Malthusian and Neoclassical views is augmented with other key macroeconomic variables namely per capita electricity consumption and capital formation to represent a hyperopic view of impact on economic growth. Human development has significant positive impact on economic growth both in the short-run and in the long-run like that of electricity consumption and capital formation. However, fertility has significant negative impact on economic growth in the short-run unlike that of the long-run. Imbalance in economic growth takes approximately 9.5 years to adjust. Innovation in human development makes economic growth respond slightly positively in next 8 years and explains a part of variation in economic growth.","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49105061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-23DOI: 10.1504/IJHD.2019.10020762
K. Baldry, L. Patel, E. Ross
Given the costs and benefits of mining to local communities, and the difference in availability of resources between rural and urban communities, the study compared well-being in the South African coal mining communities of Chief Albert Luthuli and Mhluzi. Questionnaires were administered to random samples of households from these two communities. Results indicated that both communities could be described as poor in terms of household income, food insecurity, and receipt of social grants; however, poverty levels were more severe in rural Chief Albert Luthuli. While both communities acknowledged the negative environmental impacts of mining, more people in urban Mhluzi felt that their lives had improved and that the benefits of mining outweighed the costs. Overall, well-being was better in the urban than the rural mining community, thereby providing support for the assumption regarding urban-rural differences underpinning the study.
{"title":"A comparative case study of well-being in a rural versus an urban coal mining community in Mpumalanga, South Africa","authors":"K. Baldry, L. Patel, E. Ross","doi":"10.1504/IJHD.2019.10020762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHD.2019.10020762","url":null,"abstract":"Given the costs and benefits of mining to local communities, and the difference in availability of resources between rural and urban communities, the study compared well-being in the South African coal mining communities of Chief Albert Luthuli and Mhluzi. Questionnaires were administered to random samples of households from these two communities. Results indicated that both communities could be described as poor in terms of household income, food insecurity, and receipt of social grants; however, poverty levels were more severe in rural Chief Albert Luthuli. While both communities acknowledged the negative environmental impacts of mining, more people in urban Mhluzi felt that their lives had improved and that the benefits of mining outweighed the costs. Overall, well-being was better in the urban than the rural mining community, thereby providing support for the assumption regarding urban-rural differences underpinning the study.","PeriodicalId":42619,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Happiness and Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44324046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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