Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2022.2060549
A. Bjelanović, N. Palinić, M. Franković
ABSTRACT The article describes the use of iron in industrial buildings constructed in the first industrial age in Rijeka. Since the middle of the 19th century, the structural use of cast iron in internal skeleton structures in place of timber created opportunities for improved functional design of these multi-storey buildings. The analysis of some buildings indicates a lack of experience in the application of new structural typologies, while in others it indicates experimental and innovative structural solutions which reflected the progress of science, technology and high-quality workmanship in that period.
{"title":"Structures of the First Industrial Age in Rijeka, Croatia — from Timber to Iron","authors":"A. Bjelanović, N. Palinić, M. Franković","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2060549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2060549","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 The article describes the use of iron in industrial buildings constructed in the first industrial age in Rijeka. Since the middle of the 19th century, the structural use of cast iron in internal skeleton structures in place of timber created opportunities for improved functional design of these multi-storey buildings. The analysis of some buildings indicates a lack of experience in the application of new structural typologies, while in others it indicates experimental and innovative structural solutions which reflected the progress of science, technology and high-quality workmanship in that period.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"19 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48201162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2022.2059182
P. Stanier
{"title":"Digging Bath Stone: A Quarry and Transport History","authors":"P. Stanier","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2059182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2059182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"72 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46259592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2022.2041336
Rupert Lotherington, I. Miller, G. Mcdonnell
ABSTRACT Archaeological Research Services Ltd carried out an archaeological excavation of part of the 18th-century Swalwell Ironworks near Gateshead during the summer of 2016 in advance of a redevelopment of the site by Lidl UK. This explored a part of the ironworks immediately to the west of a previous excavation directed by Pre-Construct Archaeology in 2005, and has contributed significant detail to the overall record of this important ironworking site. In particular, the excavation in 2016 uncovered well-preserved structural remains deriving from the early 18th-century development of the site, including the western portion of Ambrose Crowley’s Grand Warehouse and its basement wharf, an anchor shop, a series of ancillary workshops and a curving water channel that formed the northern boundary of the archaeological site. Amongst the remains deriving from the later use of the works was part of a mid-19th-century crucible furnace. The excavation has also indicated that well-preserved archaeological remains are likely to exist beyond the western and southern limits of the excavated area.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2022.2059191
P. Stanier
This compact A5-sized guide is ostensibly for the industrial archaeologist but should also prove useful to local historians and interested members of a small Somerset parish. It packs in information about Rode, which is right on the border with Wiltshire and is often overlooked since it is avoided by today’s main roads. The first section introduces the parish, parts of which were once in Wiltshire. Rode lies between the two larger textiles towns of Frome and Trowbridge, and saw major changes in 1790–1820, after which decline set in. It is bounded on the west by the River Frome which supported at least five water-powered sites, notably fulling, weaving and dyeworks for the woollen industry. The main body of the book provides a guided circular tour by roads and footpaths, pausing along the way to describe the sites of interest. It is a delight to find the attractive village centre is dominated by the Cross Keys Brewery of the Fussell family which once employed 200 but ceased in 1962. Brewhouses, with two chimneys, and a boiler house survive, now converted to accommodation. Nearby, the Corner House is the former pump room for Rode’s medicinal waters of the early 1700s, when it was even advertised in the more famous Bath. Tucked in beside the brewery is the Methodist church of 1809. Clothiers’ houses include Southfield House of Jonathan Noad who owned two textile mills. At Townsend a factory or workshop is recognisable, now residential. Beyond the village and just outside the parish is Shawford Mill (no public access), a woollen mill and dyeworks once run by Noad, whose other mill was at Rockabella. Here are also the Black Dock Turnpike Trust’s four-arched Shawford Bridge and a tollhouse, with a nearby WWII pill-box. The walk passes the site of Scutts Bridge Mill, another water-powered woollen mill which an old photograph shows to have been quite substantial. Local tradition has it that the Royal Blue colour was developed here. Scutts Bridge, approached by holloways, appears to be a widened packhorse bridge. The Rockabella Mill and house survive as overgrown ruins, but at Rode Bridge is Rode Mill, a good survivor of a water-powered woollen mill, now converted to a pub and restaurant. The road over the bridge climbs Rode Hill, the line of a turnpike, where there is a cast-iron milepost opposite the Anglican Christ Church of 1824, ‘an amazing exercise in spiky Gothic’. Further stops include the site of a brickworks and Church Row, on the edge of the parish. Good use is made of selected extracts from historic Tithe and Ordnance Survey maps showing the layout of those sites where much has changed or vanished. The pocket guide format enables these to be referred to on the spot. This handy book is fully illustrated in colour, with good references and an index, and is a model for future publications of this type.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2022.2059183
James Douet
{"title":"The Soho Manufactory, Mint and Foundry, West Midlands: Where Boulton, Watt and Murdoch Made History","authors":"James Douet","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2059183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2059183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"72 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42165205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2022.2060548
I. West
At the time of writing—March 2022—most of the world is emerging from two years of serious disruption due to the Coronavirus pandemic. In the early months of this, the Editors of Industrial Archaeology Review saw an increase in the submission of potential articles for consideration, as authors found time during lockdown to complete work that had been languishing for a while. After that, however, the flow of material for publication has slowed significantly, as restrictions on access to sites, museums and libraries has stalled many archaeological projects. The Editors therefore express their admiration and thanks to the authors whose work is presented here, in bringing their work to completion in difficult times. Similar problems have often affected the work of peer reviewers, whose vital role in a journal like ours must, of necessity, pass unacknowledged, but is greatly appreciated. The five articles presented in this issue do not just reflect a great diversity in subject matter and geographical origin, but also demonstrate the range of different approaches that can be taken to understand past industrial workplaces and the lives of the people who inhabited them. We start close to home, geographically and conceptually, with the first of a two-part contribution from Roger Holden about the Linotype Company’s works in Altrincham, north-west England. The factory was built in the 1890s, designed by Stott & Sons who are better known as the architects of many of the region’s cotton mills. The technology of the printing machinery made in this works had been pioneered in the United States, and many of the machine tools employed were also imported from the US, as they were found to be superior to their British equivalents. Most significantly, this factory was one of the first in the UK to drive its machinery using electricity, generated by steam engines in the factory’s power house, rather than transmitting mechanical power around the site. The Linotype Works therefore illustrates industries in transition in several different ways. The second part of Roger’s contribution, scheduled to appear in issue 44.2 of this journal, will focus on the distinctive housing estate that the Linotype Company built to accommodate its workers. The Broadheath area, where the Linotype Works and its housing are located, is considered to be one of the first industrial estates in Britain. Issue 43.1 of this journal included a fascinating article about the transformation of the small coastal town of Rijeka, Croatia, into an important industrial centre during the 18th and early 19th centuries. The industrial buildings erected during that period relied heavily on massive stone or brick walls with internal timber structures, amalgamating local vernacular traditions with ideas copied from other countries where the process of industrialisation was more advanced. In this issue, the same authors, Adriana Bjelanović and Nana Palinić, joined by Marko Franković, describe the evolution of Rije
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"I. West","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2022.2060548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2022.2060548","url":null,"abstract":"At the time of writing—March 2022—most of the world is emerging from two years of serious disruption due to the Coronavirus pandemic. In the early months of this, the Editors of Industrial Archaeology Review saw an increase in the submission of potential articles for consideration, as authors found time during lockdown to complete work that had been languishing for a while. After that, however, the flow of material for publication has slowed significantly, as restrictions on access to sites, museums and libraries has stalled many archaeological projects. The Editors therefore express their admiration and thanks to the authors whose work is presented here, in bringing their work to completion in difficult times. Similar problems have often affected the work of peer reviewers, whose vital role in a journal like ours must, of necessity, pass unacknowledged, but is greatly appreciated. The five articles presented in this issue do not just reflect a great diversity in subject matter and geographical origin, but also demonstrate the range of different approaches that can be taken to understand past industrial workplaces and the lives of the people who inhabited them. We start close to home, geographically and conceptually, with the first of a two-part contribution from Roger Holden about the Linotype Company’s works in Altrincham, north-west England. The factory was built in the 1890s, designed by Stott & Sons who are better known as the architects of many of the region’s cotton mills. The technology of the printing machinery made in this works had been pioneered in the United States, and many of the machine tools employed were also imported from the US, as they were found to be superior to their British equivalents. Most significantly, this factory was one of the first in the UK to drive its machinery using electricity, generated by steam engines in the factory’s power house, rather than transmitting mechanical power around the site. The Linotype Works therefore illustrates industries in transition in several different ways. The second part of Roger’s contribution, scheduled to appear in issue 44.2 of this journal, will focus on the distinctive housing estate that the Linotype Company built to accommodate its workers. The Broadheath area, where the Linotype Works and its housing are located, is considered to be one of the first industrial estates in Britain. Issue 43.1 of this journal included a fascinating article about the transformation of the small coastal town of Rijeka, Croatia, into an important industrial centre during the 18th and early 19th centuries. The industrial buildings erected during that period relied heavily on massive stone or brick walls with internal timber structures, amalgamating local vernacular traditions with ideas copied from other countries where the process of industrialisation was more advanced. In this issue, the same authors, Adriana Bjelanović and Nana Palinić, joined by Marko Franković, describe the evolution of Rije","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45825377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2022.2058855
K. C. Jackson, B. Pourdeyhimi
ABSTRACT Designing an automatic loom that replenishes weft mechanically without operative intervention challenged the ingenuity of engineers and technologists from the middle of the 19th century until about 1970, when further development ceased in favour of shuttleless alternatives. Although well established in the United States for manufacturing basic cotton fabrics by 1914, and sufficiently well advanced for producing a wide range of fabrics by 1930, the diffusion of the automatic loom in the British cotton industry was sluggish until the 1950s. The reasons are best understood by examining the operational prerequisites, provision of which in Britain was confounded by longstanding rigidities in accounting policy and industrial relations at the level of the firm, and in strategic management at the level of the industry. At the heart of this was the longevity of the traditional non-automatic Lancashire loom, both in design and operation. The article is a counterpoise to the orthodox economic analyses that tend to be dismissive of technological constructs.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2022.2033460
B. Schmult
ABSTRACT This article characterises the work of paid casting cleaning at Hopewell Furnace, a charcoal-fired cold-blast iron furnace operating c. 1771–1883, in Berks County, Pennsylvania, USA. The uniformity of regional museum artefacts suggests that conclusions apply to the general south-east Pennsylvania region. Cleaning is shown to have consisted of sand removal, removal and limited dressing of protrusions (gate and fin), a significant amount of casting moving, and likely the extraction of castings from moulds. The work was similar to other unskilled work, involving strictly physical labour with a need to sometimes move heavier objects, and with a commensurate to slightly higher pay rate. Most cleaning was a side-line, and not all castings were cleaned ‘professionally’, the fraction being estimated between 36% (documented) and 58% (extrapolated). Most cleaning payments were by weight, almost exclusively at $0.75 per ton, with the remainder paid by the piece, or possibly at a fixed price for the entirety of the work. There is evidence that cleaners were mainly family and friends of the moulders. They were all white and mostly adult men.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2022.2059189
I. West
This compact A5-sized guide is ostensibly for the industrial archaeologist but should also prove useful to local historians and interested members of a small Somerset parish. It packs in information about Rode, which is right on the border with Wiltshire and is often overlooked since it is avoided by today’s main roads. The first section introduces the parish, parts of which were once in Wiltshire. Rode lies between the two larger textiles towns of Frome and Trowbridge, and saw major changes in 1790–1820, after which decline set in. It is bounded on the west by the River Frome which supported at least five water-powered sites, notably fulling, weaving and dyeworks for the woollen industry. The main body of the book provides a guided circular tour by roads and footpaths, pausing along the way to describe the sites of interest. It is a delight to find the attractive village centre is dominated by the Cross Keys Brewery of the Fussell family which once employed 200 but ceased in 1962. Brewhouses, with two chimneys, and a boiler house survive, now converted to accommodation. Nearby, the Corner House is the former pump room for Rode’s medicinal waters of the early 1700s, when it was even advertised in the more famous Bath. Tucked in beside the brewery is the Methodist church of 1809. Clothiers’ houses include Southfield House of Jonathan Noad who owned two textile mills. At Townsend a factory or workshop is recognisable, now residential. Beyond the village and just outside the parish is Shawford Mill (no public access), a woollen mill and dyeworks once run by Noad, whose other mill was at Rockabella. Here are also the Black Dock Turnpike Trust’s four-arched Shawford Bridge and a tollhouse, with a nearby WWII pill-box. The walk passes the site of Scutts Bridge Mill, another water-powered woollen mill which an old photograph shows to have been quite substantial. Local tradition has it that the Royal Blue colour was developed here. Scutts Bridge, approached by holloways, appears to be a widened packhorse bridge. The Rockabella Mill and house survive as overgrown ruins, but at Rode Bridge is Rode Mill, a good survivor of a water-powered woollen mill, now converted to a pub and restaurant. The road over the bridge climbs Rode Hill, the line of a turnpike, where there is a cast-iron milepost opposite the Anglican Christ Church of 1824, ‘an amazing exercise in spiky Gothic’. Further stops include the site of a brickworks and Church Row, on the edge of the parish. Good use is made of selected extracts from historic Tithe and Ordnance Survey maps showing the layout of those sites where much has changed or vanished. The pocket guide format enables these to be referred to on the spot. This handy book is fully illustrated in colour, with good references and an index, and is a model for future publications of this type.
这本紧凑的a5大小的指南表面上是为工业考古学家准备的，但对当地历史学家和一个小萨默塞特教区的感兴趣的成员也应该是有用的。它包含了关于罗德的信息，它就在威尔特郡的边界上，因为今天的主要道路避开了它，所以经常被忽视。第一部分介绍教区，其中一部分曾经在威尔特郡。罗德位于弗罗姆(Frome)和特罗布里奇(Trowbridge)两个较大的纺织城镇之间，在1790年至1820年间发生了重大变化，之后开始衰落。它的西面是弗罗姆河(River Frome)，这条河至少支持五个水力发电站，特别是羊毛工业的装货、织布和染料厂。书的主体部分提供了一个由道路和人行道引导的环形旅行，沿途停下来描述感兴趣的地点。这是一个令人高兴的发现有吸引力的村庄中心是由福塞尔家族的十字钥匙啤酒厂，曾经雇用200，但在1962年停止支配。有两个烟囱的酿酒厂和一个锅炉房幸存下来，现在被改造成住宿场所。附近的Corner House是18世纪早期罗德(Rode)药用水的泵房，当时它甚至在更著名的巴斯(Bath)做过广告。隐藏在啤酒厂旁边的是1809年的卫理公会教堂。服装商的房子包括拥有两家纺织厂的Jonathan Noad的Southfield House。在汤森，一个工厂或车间是可以辨认的，现在是住宅。在村庄的另一边，就在教区外面，是肖福德磨坊(Shawford Mill)(不向公众开放)，这是一家毛纺厂和染料厂，曾经由诺阿德经营，他的另一家工厂在罗克贝拉(Rockabella)。这里还有黑码头收费公路信托公司(Black Dock Turnpike Trust)的四拱形肖福德桥(Shawford Bridge)和一个收费站，附近还有一个二战时期的药箱。步行经过斯库茨桥磨坊，这是另一家水力毛纺厂，从一张旧照片上看，它相当庞大。当地的传统认为，皇家蓝是在这里发展起来的。斯库特桥，由洼地靠近，看起来是一座加宽的驮马桥。Rockabella磨坊和房子作为杂草丛生的废墟幸存下来，但罗德桥上的罗德磨坊是一个水力毛纺厂的幸存者，现在被改造成酒吧和餐馆。桥上的道路爬上罗德山，这是一条收费公路，那里有一个铸铁的里程碑，对面是1824年的英国圣公会基督教堂，“哥特式尖尖的惊人表演”。进一步的站点包括一个砖厂和教堂街，在教区的边缘。我们从历史上的什一税和地形测量地图中选取了一些节选，很好地展示了那些已经发生很大变化或消失的地点的布局。袖珍指南格式使这些可以在现场参考。这本方便的书有完整的彩色插图，有很好的参考文献和索引，是未来这类出版物的典范。
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