Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1980349
Rosemary Banens
ABSTRACT Numerous archaeological excavations across Manchester have exposed 19th-century workers’ housing, with each new investigation enhancing the understanding of urbanised industrial living and domestic life. This paper examines the excavated remains of workers’ housing and other structures exposed during excavations at the former BBC site in the Chorlton-upon-Medlock area of Manchester. A variety of workers’ housing was excavated across the site, with back-to-backs the dominant type. These physical remains are important for understanding the differences in housing and living conditions across Manchester. By supplementing the archaeological and cultural material with documentary and cartographic sources, however, the social history of the site can be uncovered, adding to an overall knowledge of 19th- and early 20th-century urbanised industrial living and domestic life in Manchester.
{"title":"Workers’ Housing at the Former BBC Site in Chorlton-upon-Medlock, Manchester","authors":"Rosemary Banens","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2021.1980349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2021.1980349","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Numerous archaeological excavations across Manchester have exposed 19th-century workers’ housing, with each new investigation enhancing the understanding of urbanised industrial living and domestic life. This paper examines the excavated remains of workers’ housing and other structures exposed during excavations at the former BBC site in the Chorlton-upon-Medlock area of Manchester. A variety of workers’ housing was excavated across the site, with back-to-backs the dominant type. These physical remains are important for understanding the differences in housing and living conditions across Manchester. By supplementing the archaeological and cultural material with documentary and cartographic sources, however, the social history of the site can be uncovered, adding to an overall knowledge of 19th- and early 20th-century urbanised industrial living and domestic life in Manchester.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"95 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49464510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1955497
John McGuinness
ABSTRACT The increase in the production of armaments following the outbreak of the First World War led to an expansion of existing factories and the building of new manufacturing facilities. Alongside this rapid growth was a need for additional accommodation for the workers. Due to the shortage of both traditional building materials and tradesmen, many of these developments used non-traditional materials, and several housing estates were built using concrete blocks or precast concrete systems. Despite being over 100 years old, most of these estates remain, and in many cases are still highly regarded. As with many housing estates for industrial concerns, they were built to high standards with modern facilities to attract workers to the area. The research presented in this article is based to a significant extent on contemporary reports and descriptions, coupled with visits to a selection of housing estates of the period.
{"title":"The Technology and Construction of Houses Built for the Munition Workers of the First World War","authors":"John McGuinness","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2021.1955497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2021.1955497","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The increase in the production of armaments following the outbreak of the First World War led to an expansion of existing factories and the building of new manufacturing facilities. Alongside this rapid growth was a need for additional accommodation for the workers. Due to the shortage of both traditional building materials and tradesmen, many of these developments used non-traditional materials, and several housing estates were built using concrete blocks or precast concrete systems. Despite being over 100 years old, most of these estates remain, and in many cases are still highly regarded. As with many housing estates for industrial concerns, they were built to high standards with modern facilities to attract workers to the area. The research presented in this article is based to a significant extent on contemporary reports and descriptions, coupled with visits to a selection of housing estates of the period.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"147 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42257137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1967572
I. Miller, Oliver Cook
ABSTRACT Manchester experienced an astonishing rate of growth from the late 18th century to become the first industrial town in the world by the 1830s. Its industrial prowess was fuelled by remarkable engineering talent that was drawn from across the country, coupled with the migration of workers on a scale that was unprecedented and unforeseen. The living conditions, sanitation and health of the burgeoning ranks of urban poor had become a pressing issue for social concern in many towns by the mid-19th century, and the introduction of public baths and wash-houses was an early attempt at redress. These important facilities represented the first civil-engineering projects that were implemented explicitly for the poor, and some of the earliest in the country were established in Manchester and Salford by private enterprise and combined innovative technology with impressive architectural detailing that exuded civic pride, setting a high standard for later swimming baths. Several of these pioneering public baths have been subject to archaeological excavation since 2014, making an important contribution to understanding this significant but dwindling monument type.
{"title":"Coming Out in the Wash: Investigating Manchester’s Public Baths and Wash-houses","authors":"I. Miller, Oliver Cook","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2021.1967572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2021.1967572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Manchester experienced an astonishing rate of growth from the late 18th century to become the first industrial town in the world by the 1830s. Its industrial prowess was fuelled by remarkable engineering talent that was drawn from across the country, coupled with the migration of workers on a scale that was unprecedented and unforeseen. The living conditions, sanitation and health of the burgeoning ranks of urban poor had become a pressing issue for social concern in many towns by the mid-19th century, and the introduction of public baths and wash-houses was an early attempt at redress. These important facilities represented the first civil-engineering projects that were implemented explicitly for the poor, and some of the earliest in the country were established in Manchester and Salford by private enterprise and combined innovative technology with impressive architectural detailing that exuded civic pride, setting a high standard for later swimming baths. Several of these pioneering public baths have been subject to archaeological excavation since 2014, making an important contribution to understanding this significant but dwindling monument type.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"114 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48832984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1973768
Keith Falconer
{"title":"Chatham Historic Dockyard, World Power to Resurgence","authors":"Keith Falconer","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2021.1973768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2021.1973768","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"162 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44490331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1969082
Kieran Gleave
{"title":"A Miller and His Mill: The Story of John Else and Warney Mill","authors":"Kieran Gleave","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2021.1969082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2021.1969082","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"161 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47529243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1969084
D. Gwyn
{"title":"Steam on the Sirhowy Tramroad and its Neighbours","authors":"D. Gwyn","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2021.1969084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2021.1969084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"161 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47296810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1973226
James Douet
ABSTRACT London’s Main Drainage was one of a number of projects in Europe and North America in the mid-19th century to design and retro-fit a sewage network in cities struggling to cope with unprecedented health, sanitary and environmental problems caused by industrialisation. The Main Drainage was both the most ambitious of these, and the first in the world to be based around steam-powered pumps. They were used to lift very large volumes of human sewage, storm water and manufacturers’ waste so it would flow under gravity to beyond the limits of the metropolis. Once the plan had been approved, the Metropolitan Board of Works, led by its Chief Engineer J.W. Bazalgette, solicited proposals from leading foundries for how to pump the sewage, and the optimal size and configuration for the steam engines. Their suggestions formed the basis for the four pumping stations that were built. The largest, Crossness and Abbey Mills, were commissioned from a railway-station architect whose designs, despite the isolated locations, were highly expressive. Their construction and inauguration attracted enormous public attention, reflecting the high expectations of their sanitary and environmental benefits. These sites trialled the use of steam-powered pumps to raise sewage, a critical technological step in the history of urban systems, while their contribution to solving the Victorian sanitary crisis makes them of particular historical interest.
{"title":"The Steam Pumping Stations of the London Main Drainage, 1858–75","authors":"James Douet","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2021.1973226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2021.1973226","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT London’s Main Drainage was one of a number of projects in Europe and North America in the mid-19th century to design and retro-fit a sewage network in cities struggling to cope with unprecedented health, sanitary and environmental problems caused by industrialisation. The Main Drainage was both the most ambitious of these, and the first in the world to be based around steam-powered pumps. They were used to lift very large volumes of human sewage, storm water and manufacturers’ waste so it would flow under gravity to beyond the limits of the metropolis. Once the plan had been approved, the Metropolitan Board of Works, led by its Chief Engineer J.W. Bazalgette, solicited proposals from leading foundries for how to pump the sewage, and the optimal size and configuration for the steam engines. Their suggestions formed the basis for the four pumping stations that were built. The largest, Crossness and Abbey Mills, were commissioned from a railway-station architect whose designs, despite the isolated locations, were highly expressive. Their construction and inauguration attracted enormous public attention, reflecting the high expectations of their sanitary and environmental benefits. These sites trialled the use of steam-powered pumps to raise sewage, a critical technological step in the history of urban systems, while their contribution to solving the Victorian sanitary crisis makes them of particular historical interest.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"135 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45651043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1955500
Mário Bruno Pastor, E. Vieira, Juan Manuel Cano Sanchiz
ABSTRACT This article studies three woollen mills (Torre de Moncorvo, Trás-os-Montes and Vila Nova de Gaia/Porto) built in the north of Portugal from the second half of the 19th to the early 20th centuries, by a family of Spanish migrants, the Millanos. The circumstances of this family’s migration, its impact on the local communities and even the location and description of their mills were barely known at the beginning of this work. Thus, this article sheds new light both on the location of Millanos’ mills in Portugal and on their morphological and technological configurations. Various techniques were combined, including GIS technology, aerial photography analysis, documentary research and archaeological field survey to explore new paths of research in industrial archaeology that let us offer a more global perspective of the mills and their social and historical context.
摘要本文研究了19世纪下半叶至20世纪初由西班牙移民Millanos家族在葡萄牙北部建造的三座毛纺厂（Torre de Moncorvo、Trás-os-Montes和Vila Nova de Gaia/Porto）。在这项工作开始时，这个家庭的移民情况、对当地社区的影响，甚至他们工厂的位置和描述都鲜为人知。因此，这篇文章为Millanos在葡萄牙的工厂位置及其形态和技术配置提供了新的线索。将各种技术相结合，包括GIS技术、航空摄影分析、文献研究和考古实地调查，以探索工业考古的新研究路径，使我们能够更全面地了解工厂及其社会和历史背景。
{"title":"Labour and Technology Migrations in the Iberian Peninsula — The Case of the Spanish Millano Family’s Woollen Mills in Portugal (Late 19th–Early 20th Century)","authors":"Mário Bruno Pastor, E. Vieira, Juan Manuel Cano Sanchiz","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2021.1955500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2021.1955500","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article studies three woollen mills (Torre de Moncorvo, Trás-os-Montes and Vila Nova de Gaia/Porto) built in the north of Portugal from the second half of the 19th to the early 20th centuries, by a family of Spanish migrants, the Millanos. The circumstances of this family’s migration, its impact on the local communities and even the location and description of their mills were barely known at the beginning of this work. Thus, this article sheds new light both on the location of Millanos’ mills in Portugal and on their morphological and technological configurations. Various techniques were combined, including GIS technology, aerial photography analysis, documentary research and archaeological field survey to explore new paths of research in industrial archaeology that let us offer a more global perspective of the mills and their social and historical context.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"80 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03090728.2021.1955500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48266971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/03090728.2021.1885878
I. Miller, Lewis Stitt
ABSTRACT The widespread adoption of the motor car had what was perhaps the greatest impact on the physical and social landscape of 20th-century Britain, and yet virtually none of the early car factories have been subject to formal archaeological investigation. In 2019–20, Salford Archaeology carried out a comprehensive survey of the former Vulcan Works, a purpose-built factory that was erected near Southport in 1907 by Thomas and Joseph Hampson, two pioneers of the British motor-manufacturing industry. Initially, this ‘state-of-the-art’ factory comprised an architecturally impressive two-storey office with a single-storey machine and erecting shop to the rear, together with the associated power plant. Extensive additions had increased the size of the works to more than 3.6ha by 1924, and whilst the buildings were repurposed as a general engineering works in 1937, the original Edwardian car factory remained largely unaltered. The archaeological survey, coupled with historical research and limited excavation, has provided a unique record of a rare survivor of Britain’s fledgling car-manufacturing industry prior to its demolition.
{"title":"The Vulcan Works, Southport: The Archaeology of an Edwardian Car Factory","authors":"I. Miller, Lewis Stitt","doi":"10.1080/03090728.2021.1885878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03090728.2021.1885878","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The widespread adoption of the motor car had what was perhaps the greatest impact on the physical and social landscape of 20th-century Britain, and yet virtually none of the early car factories have been subject to formal archaeological investigation. In 2019–20, Salford Archaeology carried out a comprehensive survey of the former Vulcan Works, a purpose-built factory that was erected near Southport in 1907 by Thomas and Joseph Hampson, two pioneers of the British motor-manufacturing industry. Initially, this ‘state-of-the-art’ factory comprised an architecturally impressive two-storey office with a single-storey machine and erecting shop to the rear, together with the associated power plant. Extensive additions had increased the size of the works to more than 3.6ha by 1924, and whilst the buildings were repurposed as a general engineering works in 1937, the original Edwardian car factory remained largely unaltered. The archaeological survey, coupled with historical research and limited excavation, has provided a unique record of a rare survivor of Britain’s fledgling car-manufacturing industry prior to its demolition.","PeriodicalId":42635,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Archaeology Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"34 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/03090728.2021.1885878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47815889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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