Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica最新文献

The objective of this article is to highlight the bidirectional relationship between neuroscience and art in the life and times of the most preeminent sculptor in modern Greek history, Yannoulis Chalepas. Analysis of biographical sources and testimonies on the life and works of Yannoulis Chalepas was performed. Findings are discussed in relation to the neuropsychiatric maladies that he faced in his lifespan and their impact on his art. Yannoulis Chalepas' life and art are trichotomized in a charismatic, premorbid era (1851-1877), a prolonged, medieval, morbid period (1878-1917), and a transfigurative, post morbid era (1918-1938). The amalgamate of medical evidence suggests that Yannoulis Chalepas suffered from schizophrenia. That was reflected in his art through two distinct periods of artistic productivity and stylistic creativity. The bidirectional relationship between neuroscience and art in the history of humanity is also exemplified in the legacy of Yannoulis Chalepas. The borderland of artistic ingenuity with aberrant behavior, the misconceptions of neurocognitive disorders with psychosis along with their associated social stigma, the effect of artistic expression in the manifestation of psychiatric disease, as well as its healing and often transformative power are concepts that still tantalize equally scientists and artists around the globe.

The paper examines the forerunner of the development of public health medicine since 1912, as well as the actions of Andrija Štampar as a municipal physician in the Nova Gradiška Posavina region from 1913 to 1918. The predecessors of public health medicine are considered in the context of the emergence of societies for the protection of public health in Belgrade and Zagreb, as well as the connection between Andrija Štampar and these societies. Analysing the archival material of the Croatian State Archive, laws, journals, and newspapers, the paper attempts to link the theoretical phase of Andrija Štampar’s work with the practical phase, beginning in 1912 with his work in Karlovac and his relocation to Nova Gradiška in 1913. The paper notes that Štampar had already laid the foundation for many of his future ideas at this stage, as can be observed in the example of his reflections on eugenics, which he has defended since 1912. His experiences of rehabilitation efforts after the epidemics of cholera and smallpox in the Nova Gradiška Posavina region and his work at the Red Cross military hospital in Nova Gradiška influenced the formation of the basic principles of social medicine and public health. Special attention was paid to the set of preventive and epidemiological measures that Štampar implemented during the 1913 - 1916 epidemics. He regarded them as “perfect”, and, ten years later, introduced them into the postulates of public health medicine. Andrija Štampar conceived the main part of his ideas under the influence of theoretical knowledge and practice until 1918, and thanks to his ability to perceive circumstances and opportunities within the newly created legal framework and with the support of Rockefeller donations, he turned them into a functional health policy, which has been implemented at the School of Public Health and the Institute of Hygiene since 1926.

https://doi.org/10.31952/amha.20.1.1 At the trial of Jacques de Rue, the chamberlain of King Charles II of Navarre, after he was arrested in France (March 1378), we learn that the doctor Ángel de Costafort was implicated in several of the king of Navarre's plans to poison people. The credibility of the testimonies given in this trial is questionable due to the use, or not, of torture, a fact about which historians disagree. Besides Costafort's personal biography, constructed from the scant documentation conserved in the Royal and General Archive of Navarre (Pamplona, Spain), he is linked on the basis of his signature and personal seal to the practice of alchemy.

The aim of this paper is to present the course of the transformation of the Nursing high school into the College of Nursing and its accession to the School of Medicine in Zagreb. The task of the paper is to present the organisation of schooling for the first generation of nursing students. The reconstruction of the data was based on the archival material stored in the files of the School of Nursing Mlinarska in Zagreb and the Society for Nursing History of the Croatian Nurses Association (CNA). Documents and photographs kept in private collections were used as well as already published literature related to the topic. For the purposes of oral history collection, a semi-structured questionnaire created in 2013 by the Society for Nursing History was used. The first program of the College of Nursing was launched at the initiative of Dr Andrija Štampar in the academic year 1953/1954. There were 17 students enrolled, 11 of whom graduated on time. The study program was comparable to the current world trends in nursing education. The analysis of the teaching staff reveals that the teachers were nurses with extensive experience and recognised university lecturers. The introduction of a higher education nursing program, comparable to the international nursing programs, speaks to the nurses' expectations and status. Compared to today's programs, it was very modern.

This paper deals with the literary debate on the first experiments regarding blood transfusion on human beings between 1667 and 1668 in Europe, with particular attention to the less-known experimental research, carried out in Italy. The authors examine the details of the experimental developments, focusing on the techniques and instruments used by physicians involved in this new surgical approach, with special attention to the Italian debate and experimentations. The article suggests that transfusion was considered a part of what we could call "emergency surgery". In this framework, Italian transfusional pioneers played a central role in the improvement and transmission of a discipline that was still in its dawning throughout Europe. Moreover, the manuscript highlights the contribution of the "chirurgia infusoria" as an innovative therapeutic system for an immediate and rapid recovery. From this perspective, blood transfusion represents a surgical practice for reanimation and resuscitation. The objective of this work was to analyze the importance of foreign literature and the English and French disputes presented by Davia in Italy, which made them known. Despite foreign prohibition in Italy, experiments with animal-to-human transfusions continued after 1648. A papal bull excommunicating scientists for conducting such research has never been found.

In the general trend of nationalization after 1945, many pharmacies in our area were destroyed, relocated or repurposed. During these events, their interiors changed, and the inventory was damaged or destroyed. The aim of this paper is to research the historiography of pharmacy by reconstructing the chronology of the Joanović pharmacy as well as the Public Pharmacy of the town of Debeljača until it moved out of the building where the pharmacy was founded. Descriptive research covers the periods before the First World War, between the two World Wars and after the Second World War. The data presented in this paper are the result of interdisciplinary research related to the study of the historiography of the Joanović pharmacy as well as the Public Pharmacy of the town of Debeljača. This paper is based on unpublished documents (database of the pharmacy Joanović and the Publik Pharmacy of the town of Debeljača), as well as on the statements and written statements of Mrs. Mila Đorđević born Joanović and pharmacist Ivan Šimić as documents from the author’s personal archive. Methods of documentation analysis and desk analysis of secondary data were used. In the Joanović Pharmacy, almost semi-industrial production of cosmetic and perfumery products was developed, as well as the production of flavors for the production of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. After the forced purchase, a biochemical laboratory was formed in the newly established National Pharmacy, which provided a large number of various laboratory services. The results of this study could be used in further study of the historiography of pharmacy research of the goods that pharmacies offered to consumers.

This study presents the first full translation from Latin to English of the Linnaean dissertation Morbi Artificum or Occupational diseases, submitted by Nicholas Skragge in 1765. It consists of an essay that places the dissertation in historical and scientific context and of the translation. Skragge's thesis has not only significance in the history of occupational medicine but also provides a perspective on Linnaeus' thinking on dietetics. Skragge's doctoral thesis is one of the 186 academic dissertations defended by students of Carl Linnaeus. Prior to the present study, only three of these 186 dissertations have been translated from Latin to English in our own times. The first extensive compendium on occupational diseases by Bernardino Ramazzini, with the title De Morbis Artificum Diatriba, served as a blueprint for Skragge's thesis. The background for Skragge's thesis was Linnaeus' general interest in systematizing objects according to certain norms in biology, which methodology he also applied when classifying diseases in medicine. Also, Linnaeus' life-long emphasis on the importance of dietetics is evident in the thesis. Finally, in the era when Linnaeus lived (Age of Liberty), Sweden focused greatly on improving the country's economy. Since trade and industry were prioritized by the state, it was reasonable to map the diseases workers were prone to.

It is not easy to analyse a complex figure like Silvio Palazzi (1892-1979). Without a doubt, he was one of the most prominent figures in the Italian odontostomatology scene for about fifty years and one of the absolute protagonists of the transition of Italian dentistry from the pioneering era to the scientific. He was certainly a precursor and a man with an open mind, endowed with a broad vision. Palazzi had an eclectic, versatile personality, from certain points of view even brilliant but also unpredictable and difficult to understand. He was at the centre of Italian dentistry’s academic and professional life; few can boast of a didactic, clinical, scientific activity like his. Having become, at a young age, the director of a clinic that was still little more than a dental practice, he was able to make it grow, revitalise it, bring it to a level of excellence that had no comparison in Italy but that could be compared to that of the great European dental clinics. He was the author of a “Treaty of Odontology” (which had seven editions) on which entire generations of dentists were formed, and he wrote over five hundred scientific publications in all the fields of Odontostomatology. He particularly favoured histological and histochemical investigations, as he often recalled, for having been trained in this sense by his attendance at the Institute of General Pathology of Pavia directed by Camillo Golgi (1843-1926, Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1906). In the clinical field, every sector of the dental discipline saw him as an attentive and passionate scholar, in particular of Endodontics and Periodontology. Furthermore, he was a pioneer of implantology when this branch received more criticism than success and began research on the prophylactic action of fluoride when many were against it. He fought assiduously for a different Italian dental legislation: he was a convinced supporter of a special Degree Course for the preparation of the future dentists, already in the Fifties. Since this project seemed difficult to carry out, he proposed, if nothing else, the requirement of a post-graduate specialisation to guarantee suitable training to dental practitioners. Despite this, due to his often aggressive and argumentative attitude, he lost the friendship of many colleagues and created numerous enemies. Certainly, he was a character who cannot go unnoticed and who, forty years after his death, deserves a careful historical evaluation.

More than eighty years ago, the so-called Racial Laws banished Italian Jews from all their properties and places. The authors analyze the biography of Salomone Enrico Emilio Franco (1881-1950), a cosmopolite pathologist. Born in Trieste but raised in Venice, he had his medical degree in Padua and was a pathologist at the Venice Hospital, and then he went to Portugal. Franco founded the Institute of pathology of Lisbon University. He studied leishmaniosis and hematology. During WWI, he served as a volunteer in the Italian Army. He was then a full professor of pathology at the Universities of Sassari, Bari, and Pisa. However, he was obliged by the so-called Racial Laws to leave Italy and go to Palestine. He fought as a volunteer for the realization of the State of Israel and directed the Institute of Pathology in Jerusalem.