Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1177/02601079221100885
Rongyu Wang
This article studies how the correlation of players’ private information affects their strategic be haviour. We introduce information correlation into a static two-player strategic substitutes entry game. The degree of information correlation is measured by the correlation coefficient of a symmetric joint normal distribution, which is used to model players’ prior distribution. It is found that a cutoff strategy cannot be used for all values of correlation coefficient to solve the game, and there exists a threshold correlation coefficient value to differentiate the unique-equilibrium and the multiple (three)-equilibria situations, given other parameters. Finally, by comparative statics analysis of symmetric equilibrium strategies, we find that increasing the payoff of entry encourages players to adopt a lower entry threshold, while increasing the information correlation or jointly increasing the variances of prior distribution increases the positive entry threshold and lowers the negative entry threshold. JEL: C72, D21, D82, L13
{"title":"Strategic Entry with Correlated Private Information","authors":"Rongyu Wang","doi":"10.1177/02601079221100885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221100885","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies how the correlation of players’ private information affects their strategic be haviour. We introduce information correlation into a static two-player strategic substitutes entry game. The degree of information correlation is measured by the correlation coefficient of a symmetric joint normal distribution, which is used to model players’ prior distribution. It is found that a cutoff strategy cannot be used for all values of correlation coefficient to solve the game, and there exists a threshold correlation coefficient value to differentiate the unique-equilibrium and the multiple (three)-equilibria situations, given other parameters. Finally, by comparative statics analysis of symmetric equilibrium strategies, we find that increasing the payoff of entry encourages players to adopt a lower entry threshold, while increasing the information correlation or jointly increasing the variances of prior distribution increases the positive entry threshold and lowers the negative entry threshold. JEL: C72, D21, D82, L13","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48544015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.1177/02601079221111026
Saina Baby, K. Adaina
{"title":"Examining the Impact of TRIPS Agreement on Innovation: A Review and Research Agenda","authors":"Saina Baby, K. Adaina","doi":"10.1177/02601079221111026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221111026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42141349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/02601079221111006
P. Goel, J. Chowdhury, Yashobanta Parida
In response to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian government implemented a nationwide lockdown on 24 March 2020. We study the effect of lockdown on crimes against women. Using district-level panel data from 457 districts in India for five months (before, during and post-lockdown), we examine the interaction effect of COVID-19 containment zones and lockdown on crimes against women. Results suggest a differential impact of the lockdown on crime across different containment zones. Compared to the most COVID-19 affected zone, the less affected zones show a larger fall in crimes against women due to the imposition of a lockdown. JEL Codes: C33, J16, J78
{"title":"Can COVID-19 Lockdown Reduce Crimes Against Women? A District- Level Analysis from India","authors":"P. Goel, J. Chowdhury, Yashobanta Parida","doi":"10.1177/02601079221111006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221111006","url":null,"abstract":"In response to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indian government implemented a nationwide lockdown on 24 March 2020. We study the effect of lockdown on crimes against women. Using district-level panel data from 457 districts in India for five months (before, during and post-lockdown), we examine the interaction effect of COVID-19 containment zones and lockdown on crimes against women. Results suggest a differential impact of the lockdown on crime across different containment zones. Compared to the most COVID-19 affected zone, the less affected zones show a larger fall in crimes against women due to the imposition of a lockdown. JEL Codes: C33, J16, J78","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46960285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.1177/02601079221083491
Rongyu Wang
We study how scarcity of attention affects strategic choice behaviour in a 2-player incomplete information entry game. Scarcity of attention is a common psychological character among population (Kahnemann, 1973, Attention and effort, Prentice Hall), and it is modelled by the rational inattention approach introduced by Sims (1998, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 49, 317–356). In this game, players acquire information about their private payoff shocks at a cost, which follows a high-low binary distribution. We find that high information cost can generate multiple equilibria, and the number of equilibria differs with respect to different ranges of information cost. The number of equilibria could be 1, 5 or 3. Increasing the information cost could encourage or discourage a player to choose entry in some equilibria. This depends on whether the prior probability of high payoff shocks is greater than a given threshold value. We also exhibit a necessary and sufficient condition of parameter specification such that with the same set of parameters satisfying this condition, both the rational inattention Bayesian game and a Bayesian quantal response equilibrium game where the observation errors are additive and follow a Type-I extreme value distribution can have a common equilibrium. JEL: C72, D91
{"title":"Bayesian Games with Rationally Inattentive Players","authors":"Rongyu Wang","doi":"10.1177/02601079221083491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221083491","url":null,"abstract":"We study how scarcity of attention affects strategic choice behaviour in a 2-player incomplete information entry game. Scarcity of attention is a common psychological character among population (Kahnemann, 1973, Attention and effort, Prentice Hall), and it is modelled by the rational inattention approach introduced by Sims (1998, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, 49, 317–356). In this game, players acquire information about their private payoff shocks at a cost, which follows a high-low binary distribution. We find that high information cost can generate multiple equilibria, and the number of equilibria differs with respect to different ranges of information cost. The number of equilibria could be 1, 5 or 3. Increasing the information cost could encourage or discourage a player to choose entry in some equilibria. This depends on whether the prior probability of high payoff shocks is greater than a given threshold value. We also exhibit a necessary and sufficient condition of parameter specification such that with the same set of parameters satisfying this condition, both the rational inattention Bayesian game and a Bayesian quantal response equilibrium game where the observation errors are additive and follow a Type-I extreme value distribution can have a common equilibrium. JEL: C72, D91","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44052355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.1177/02601079221088072
Marco Persichina
This article analyses the effects of myopic and present-biased preferences on the welfare of a naive agent when he/she is engaged in an intertemporal harvesting activity from a stock of renewable r...
本文分析了一个幼稚主体在从可再生资源中进行跨期收获活动时，短视偏好和现在偏向偏好对其福利的影响。
{"title":"Present Bias in Renewable Resources Management Reduces Agent’s Welfare","authors":"Marco Persichina","doi":"10.1177/02601079221088072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221088072","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the effects of myopic and present-biased preferences on the welfare of a naive agent when he/she is engaged in an intertemporal harvesting activity from a stock of renewable r...","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-02DOI: 10.1177/02601079221083482
Sven Gruener
This article explores whether susceptibility to misinformation is context-dependent. For this purpose, a survey experiment has been conducted in which subjects from Germany had to rate the reliability of several statements in the fields of climate change, COVID-19 and artificial intelligence. These contexts differed with respect to the frequency of media coverage, population activity in the form of demonstrations, daily number of deaths, and scientific knowledge. We find some similarities (for example, trust in social networks is positively associated with falling for misinformation in all three contexts) but also substantial differences (for example, risk perception as well as the extent to which people consider evidence to adjust their beliefs seem to matter for climate change and COVID-19 but not for artificial intelligence). More systematic work on context-related differences and narratives is required to design adequate measures against misinformation. JEL: C91, D01, D80
{"title":"Determinants of Gullibility to Misinformation: A Study of Climate Change, COVID-19 and Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Sven Gruener","doi":"10.1177/02601079221083482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221083482","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores whether susceptibility to misinformation is context-dependent. For this purpose, a survey experiment has been conducted in which subjects from Germany had to rate the reliability of several statements in the fields of climate change, COVID-19 and artificial intelligence. These contexts differed with respect to the frequency of media coverage, population activity in the form of demonstrations, daily number of deaths, and scientific knowledge. We find some similarities (for example, trust in social networks is positively associated with falling for misinformation in all three contexts) but also substantial differences (for example, risk perception as well as the extent to which people consider evidence to adjust their beliefs seem to matter for climate change and COVID-19 but not for artificial intelligence). More systematic work on context-related differences and narratives is required to design adequate measures against misinformation. JEL: C91, D01, D80","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49535509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-29DOI: 10.1177/02601079221083490
S. Da Silva, Raul Matsushita, Eduarda Korzenowski
We present survey evidence that most people prefer Friday to Sunday. Moreover, we pit against one another two explanations for this fact, the joy of anticipation hypothesis and the Weber law. According to the joy of anticipation hypothesis, Friday promises a weekend ahead, and Sunday does not. The Weber law predicts a relative decrease in the perception of interesting new events as the weekend passes, contributing to the impression that time is shortened as Sunday comes. Our findings favour the joy of anticipation hypothesis. JEL: D91, D15
{"title":"Why Is Friday Better than Sunday?","authors":"S. Da Silva, Raul Matsushita, Eduarda Korzenowski","doi":"10.1177/02601079221083490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221083490","url":null,"abstract":"We present survey evidence that most people prefer Friday to Sunday. Moreover, we pit against one another two explanations for this fact, the joy of anticipation hypothesis and the Weber law. According to the joy of anticipation hypothesis, Friday promises a weekend ahead, and Sunday does not. The Weber law predicts a relative decrease in the perception of interesting new events as the weekend passes, contributing to the impression that time is shortened as Sunday comes. Our findings favour the joy of anticipation hypothesis. JEL: D91, D15","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41658852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.1177/02601079221083484
A. Akinlo
The study examines the impact of the misery index on corruption in Nigeria over the period 1980–2018 using the autoregressive distributed lag model. The results confirm the long-run relationship between the misery index and corruption. Misery index increases corruption in both the short and long term, while economic growth reduces corruption in the long but not in the short-run period. The results show that the level of corruption is closely related to the country’s dire economic conditions. These findings suggest that inflation and unemployment rates need to be reduced in the country using the appropriate monetary and fiscal policies. Moreover, government efforts at increasing economic activity in the country will reduce the level of corruption, especially in the long run. JEL: C32, D73, E24, E31
{"title":"Corruption and Misery Index in Nigeria: Is There a Link?","authors":"A. Akinlo","doi":"10.1177/02601079221083484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221083484","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the impact of the misery index on corruption in Nigeria over the period 1980–2018 using the autoregressive distributed lag model. The results confirm the long-run relationship between the misery index and corruption. Misery index increases corruption in both the short and long term, while economic growth reduces corruption in the long but not in the short-run period. The results show that the level of corruption is closely related to the country’s dire economic conditions. These findings suggest that inflation and unemployment rates need to be reduced in the country using the appropriate monetary and fiscal policies. Moreover, government efforts at increasing economic activity in the country will reduce the level of corruption, especially in the long run. JEL: C32, D73, E24, E31","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46080079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.1177/02601079221083477
Indervir Singh
All public- and private-order institutions have strengths and weaknesses when it comes to the enforcement of contracts. In general, the availability of a low-cost legal system and multilateral reputation institutions is found to be more important for the long-term development of a country than bilateral reputation and private enforcement. The efficiency and cost of institutions differ considerably from place to place. The studies have observed that the cost of using private-order institutions is often lower than public-order institutions in underdeveloped economies. While the existing literature has substantially added to our understanding of contract-enforcement institutions, the issue of complementarity among these institutions has only recently received attention. Investigating this issue may considerably enhance our understanding of enforcement institutions and their economic impact. JEL: K12, K42
{"title":"The Choice of Contract-enforcement Institutions: A Review","authors":"Indervir Singh","doi":"10.1177/02601079221083477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221083477","url":null,"abstract":"All public- and private-order institutions have strengths and weaknesses when it comes to the enforcement of contracts. In general, the availability of a low-cost legal system and multilateral reputation institutions is found to be more important for the long-term development of a country than bilateral reputation and private enforcement. The efficiency and cost of institutions differ considerably from place to place. The studies have observed that the cost of using private-order institutions is often lower than public-order institutions in underdeveloped economies. While the existing literature has substantially added to our understanding of contract-enforcement institutions, the issue of complementarity among these institutions has only recently received attention. Investigating this issue may considerably enhance our understanding of enforcement institutions and their economic impact. JEL: K12, K42","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45152820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.1177/02601079221086789
S. Carson
When other measures for economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, the body mass index (BMI) is a biological measure that reflects current net nutrition. This study uses a difference-in-decompositions framework to analyse how women’s BMIs varied with the advent of early twentieth century social feminism. Late nineteenth and early twentieth century US economic development improved the relative status of women relative to both men before and after the transition to social feminism. Twentieth century women’s BMIs were higher than nineteenth century women relative to men with the rise of social feminism. The primary source of female–male across-group variation was height and nativity, indicating that there was net nutritional progress for women relative to men associated with changing cumulative net nutrition. The primary source of female–male within-group variation was nativity and socioeconomic status, indicating that there was net nutritional progress relative to women born before the transition for women born after the rise of social feminism association with socioeconomic status. JEL Codes: C1, C4, D1, I1, N3
{"title":"Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Social Feminism and Women’s Suffrage: A Female–Male Net Nutrition Comparison using Differences- in-decompositions","authors":"S. Carson","doi":"10.1177/02601079221086789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02601079221086789","url":null,"abstract":"When other measures for economic welfare are scarce or unreliable, the body mass index (BMI) is a biological measure that reflects current net nutrition. This study uses a difference-in-decompositions framework to analyse how women’s BMIs varied with the advent of early twentieth century social feminism. Late nineteenth and early twentieth century US economic development improved the relative status of women relative to both men before and after the transition to social feminism. Twentieth century women’s BMIs were higher than nineteenth century women relative to men with the rise of social feminism. The primary source of female–male across-group variation was height and nativity, indicating that there was net nutritional progress for women relative to men associated with changing cumulative net nutrition. The primary source of female–male within-group variation was nativity and socioeconomic status, indicating that there was net nutritional progress relative to women born before the transition for women born after the rise of social feminism association with socioeconomic status. JEL Codes: C1, C4, D1, I1, N3","PeriodicalId":42664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48547077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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