Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.39
Lucy D’Souza, Danielle A. Lawrence
Compassion focused therapy (CFT) is a model of psychotherapy based on cultivating the capacity for compassion to others and self. The evidence base has grown considerably in the last decade regarding CFT’s effectiveness for a range of mental health problems. However, the literature supporting CFT as a treatment provision for forensic service users with mental health needs is lacking despite the observed overlap in needs between this population and their non-offending clinical counterparts. This rapid evidence assessment (REA) sought to evaluate the current evidence of CFT’s effectiveness as a group therapeutic intervention with clinical populations to allow consideration of the use of CFT with individuals with both mental health and criminogenic needs. A search of electronic databases was undertaken and after a process of review and extraction 10 papers were included. These studies showed promising effects of group-level CFT for those with complex mental health needs. Some evidence emerged of CFT generating significant improvements compared to no treatment and treatment as usual (TAU), but insufficient evidence has been produced in respect of whether CFT can supersede traditional ‘gold-standard’ approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Tentative conclusions are made regarding the applicability of CFT interventions but the observed reductions in shame and self-criticism and a move towards more guilt-based motivational drives suggest that this approach shows some promise in being able to assist forensic service users in taking more responsibility for their harmful actions and foster social and affiliative processes with others. Further high quality RCTs are needed in order to make firm conclusions about the clinical utility of this therapy for forensic populations with mental health needs.
{"title":"Is there adequate evidence to support the use of compassion focused therapy group interventions with forensic mental health service users? A rapid evidence assessment","authors":"Lucy D’Souza, Danielle A. Lawrence","doi":"10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.39","url":null,"abstract":"Compassion focused therapy (CFT) is a model of psychotherapy based on cultivating the capacity for compassion to others and self. The evidence base has grown considerably in the last decade regarding CFT’s effectiveness for a range of mental health problems. However, the literature supporting CFT as a treatment provision for forensic service users with mental health needs is lacking despite the observed overlap in needs between this population and their non-offending clinical counterparts. This rapid evidence assessment (REA) sought to evaluate the current evidence of CFT’s effectiveness as a group therapeutic intervention with clinical populations to allow consideration of the use of CFT with individuals with both mental health and criminogenic needs. A search of electronic databases was undertaken and after a process of review and extraction 10 papers were included. These studies showed promising effects of group-level CFT for those with complex mental health needs. Some evidence emerged of CFT generating significant improvements compared to no treatment and treatment as usual (TAU), but insufficient evidence has been produced in respect of whether CFT can supersede traditional ‘gold-standard’ approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Tentative conclusions are made regarding the applicability of CFT interventions but the observed reductions in shame and self-criticism and a move towards more guilt-based motivational drives suggest that this approach shows some promise in being able to assist forensic service users in taking more responsibility for their harmful actions and foster social and affiliative processes with others. Further high quality RCTs are needed in order to make firm conclusions about the clinical utility of this therapy for forensic populations with mental health needs.","PeriodicalId":426788,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Update","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132354548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.74
Clare Barter, L. Ramsay
Purpose:The criminogenic needs of females in gangs is under-researched in the UK. Little is known about appropriate rehabilitative options for this group. The aim of this paper is to explore the evidence base for criminogenic needs of women with gang affiliated offending in the UK.Method:REA methodology was used to search three databases (EBSCO, ProQuest, Google Scholar) for relevant articles, against pre-determined criteria. Additional sources were also reviewed. A total of 271 articles were identified and assessed through PRISMA. Eleven articles were screened in, through application of CASP.Findings:Four overarching themes of criminogenic needs were identified: interpersonal relationships, safety seeking, social identity and attitudes. Social factors were also highlighted as important, for a holistic consideration of women’s needs.Research limitations:This REA was produced in a short time frame and may not include all the relevant or the most up to date literature. Any views expressed in this summary are not necessarily those of Women’s Estate Psychological Services or HMPPS policy.Practical implications:The current study was consistent with previous literature and indicated the inter-related nature of needs, and importance of trauma informed pathways. It further suggests a formulative and holistic approach, such as the bio-psychosocial model, should be considered when intervention planning.Originality/value:There have been no REAs completed of the criminogenic needs of women with gang affiliated offending in the UK.
{"title":"Rapid evidence assessment: The criminogenic needs of women with gang affiliated offending in the UK","authors":"Clare Barter, L. Ramsay","doi":"10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.74","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose:The criminogenic needs of females in gangs is under-researched in the UK. Little is known about appropriate rehabilitative options for this group. The aim of this paper is to explore the evidence base for criminogenic needs of women with gang affiliated offending in the UK.Method:REA methodology was used to search three databases (EBSCO, ProQuest, Google Scholar) for relevant articles, against pre-determined criteria. Additional sources were also reviewed. A total of 271 articles were identified and assessed through PRISMA. Eleven articles were screened in, through application of CASP.Findings:Four overarching themes of criminogenic needs were identified: interpersonal relationships, safety seeking, social identity and attitudes. Social factors were also highlighted as important, for a holistic consideration of women’s needs.Research limitations:This REA was produced in a short time frame and may not include all the relevant or the most up to date literature. Any views expressed in this summary are not necessarily those of Women’s Estate Psychological Services or HMPPS policy.Practical implications:The current study was consistent with previous literature and indicated the inter-related nature of needs, and importance of trauma informed pathways. It further suggests a formulative and holistic approach, such as the bio-psychosocial model, should be considered when intervention planning.Originality/value:There have been no REAs completed of the criminogenic needs of women with gang affiliated offending in the UK.","PeriodicalId":426788,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Update","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132894793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.27
Madison Palmer, C. Miles, Margaret J. Davies
Purpose:The aim of this rapid evidence assessment (REA) is to evaluate the literature pertaining to the assessment of Personality Disorder (PD) within Learning Disabled (LD) forensic populations. This paper will provide practitioners with recommendations about the administration of PD assessment that can be applied to clinical practice.Design/methodology/approach:Following the refinement of the search terms and a thorough literature search (using databases such as PsychINFO, OVID, SCOPUS), 98 abstracts were read. Through multiple exclusion criteria, seven papers were included in the results section of this paper.Findings:The primary research papers included in this report demonstrated various degrees of interrater reliability, predictive validity and utility for several specific assessments designed to assess PD.Research limitations/implications:There is a paucity of research in this area. It was therefore difficult to obtain primary research about assessing PD within LD populations. Further to this, there was just one paper that compared different diagnostic systems against one another. Therefore, this REA is not considered to be a full evaluation of the entire PD/LD evidence base. As a research method, REA’s are more biased than compared to a systematic review. This is because REA’s conduct limited data extraction and limit the types of research papers that are included meaning the search is not as comprehensive. Finally, there was only one reviewer for this REA. This is a limitation as the appraisal and selection of the research for this paper was not blind.Social implications:There are ethical concerns relating to the pursuit of diagnosing PD within LD populations. It has been argued a diagnosis of PD is essentially adding another pejorative label to an already marginalised group. However, research indicates that a better understanding of an individual’s presentations will yield a more robust formulation and an individualised intervention plan. This will in turn, improve treatment outcomes and has the potential to benefit the quality of life for people with PD/LD.Originality/value:As stated above, there is a paucity of research in this area. Currently there are no LD specific PD psychometric assessments and adaptations to mainstream assessments causes the assessment itself to lose validity and reliability. There is a clear need for further research in this area and for the development of more LD specific tools within forensic psychology.
{"title":"Assessing personality disorder in learning disabled forensic populations: A rapid evidence assessment","authors":"Madison Palmer, C. Miles, Margaret J. Davies","doi":"10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.27","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose:The aim of this rapid evidence assessment (REA) is to evaluate the literature pertaining to the assessment of Personality Disorder (PD) within Learning Disabled (LD) forensic populations. This paper will provide practitioners with recommendations about the administration of PD assessment that can be applied to clinical practice.Design/methodology/approach:Following the refinement of the search terms and a thorough literature search (using databases such as PsychINFO, OVID, SCOPUS), 98 abstracts were read. Through multiple exclusion criteria, seven papers were included in the results section of this paper.Findings:The primary research papers included in this report demonstrated various degrees of interrater reliability, predictive validity and utility for several specific assessments designed to assess PD.Research limitations/implications:There is a paucity of research in this area. It was therefore difficult to obtain primary research about assessing PD within LD populations. Further to this, there was just one paper that compared different diagnostic systems against one another. Therefore, this REA is not considered to be a full evaluation of the entire PD/LD evidence base. As a research method, REA’s are more biased than compared to a systematic review. This is because REA’s conduct limited data extraction and limit the types of research papers that are included meaning the search is not as comprehensive. Finally, there was only one reviewer for this REA. This is a limitation as the appraisal and selection of the research for this paper was not blind.Social implications:There are ethical concerns relating to the pursuit of diagnosing PD within LD populations. It has been argued a diagnosis of PD is essentially adding another pejorative label to an already marginalised group. However, research indicates that a better understanding of an individual’s presentations will yield a more robust formulation and an individualised intervention plan. This will in turn, improve treatment outcomes and has the potential to benefit the quality of life for people with PD/LD.Originality/value:As stated above, there is a paucity of research in this area. Currently there are no LD specific PD psychometric assessments and adaptations to mainstream assessments causes the assessment itself to lose validity and reliability. There is a clear need for further research in this area and for the development of more LD specific tools within forensic psychology.","PeriodicalId":426788,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Update","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128076109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.51
Kayleigh Shaw, Karen De Claire
{"title":"Assessment and intervention of stalking behaviours perpetuated by females: A rapid evidence assessment","authors":"Kayleigh Shaw, Karen De Claire","doi":"10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426788,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Update","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134122770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.87
Charlotte Hodgkinson, Karen De Claire, Rachel E. Murphy
{"title":"Considering the psychological impact of quarantine in prisons","authors":"Charlotte Hodgkinson, Karen De Claire, Rachel E. Murphy","doi":"10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2021.1.136.87","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426788,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Update","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121240116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.46
C. Robinson
A clinical commentary on the facilitation of a reflective practice group in a forensic inpatient mental health service.
法医学住院病人心理健康服务中反思性实践小组促进作用的临床评论。
{"title":"Reflecting on reflective practice in forensic mental health","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.46","url":null,"abstract":"A clinical commentary on the facilitation of a reflective practice group in a forensic inpatient mental health service.","PeriodicalId":426788,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Update","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130205457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.20
Sophie S. Marshall, P. Allan, Jessica Yakeley, Robert M. McRae
Forensic child and adolescent mental health services (FCAMHS) became a service within the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust in 2018, and since then has become a multidisciplinary expansion of the Portman Clinic’s consultation and assessment work. FCAMHS provides specialised consultation, assessment and brief interventions to professionals, families, and young people across 13 boroughs in Central, North, and East London. As a service provider we aim to support third sector service users who are working directly with some of the most vulnerable, at risk, and risky young people in our area. Through an existing contact in a local youth organisation we began to discuss the idea of creating a space where professionals could come together as a group to reflect on experiences and identify areas of difficulty in their work. Reflective practice groups offered by the Portman Clinic are often psychoanalytically-informed consultation groups which offer a way of working with professionals and young people by reflecting on the meaning, communication and experience of the young person’s behaviour, and our own responses to this. Therefore, we decided to offer a reflective practice group to third sector professionals known to FCAMHS from local youth services and other local agencies, who work with some of the most vulnerable, challenging and high risk young people in this location of London. This reflective practice group has now been running for almost two years and provides a valuable space for youth workers to process and make sense of their work with this challenging forensic population.
{"title":"Supporting youth workers: A reflective group consultation approach","authors":"Sophie S. Marshall, P. Allan, Jessica Yakeley, Robert M. McRae","doi":"10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.20","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic child and adolescent mental health services (FCAMHS) became a service within the Tavistock and Portman NHS Foundation Trust in 2018, and since then has become a multidisciplinary expansion of the Portman Clinic’s consultation and assessment work. FCAMHS provides specialised consultation, assessment and brief interventions to professionals, families, and young people across 13 boroughs in Central, North, and East London. As a service provider we aim to support third sector service users who are working directly with some of the most vulnerable, at risk, and risky young people in our area. Through an existing contact in a local youth organisation we began to discuss the idea of creating a space where professionals could come together as a group to reflect on experiences and identify areas of difficulty in their work. Reflective practice groups offered by the Portman Clinic are often psychoanalytically-informed consultation groups which offer a way of working with professionals and young people by reflecting on the meaning, communication and experience of the young person’s behaviour, and our own responses to this. Therefore, we decided to offer a reflective practice group to third sector professionals known to FCAMHS from local youth services and other local agencies, who work with some of the most vulnerable, challenging and high risk young people in this location of London. This reflective practice group has now been running for almost two years and provides a valuable space for youth workers to process and make sense of their work with this challenging forensic population.","PeriodicalId":426788,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Update","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131255266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.5
Grace Trundle, Caitlin Brown, Laura Jacobs
Social climate refers to how an individual experiences and perceives their environment. Within a therapeutic community (TC) prison, social climate is pertinent in supporting residents’ therapy and the therapeutic environment. This study sought to explore the relationship between social climate, assessed using the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES), and anti-social personality traits, suicidal ideation and suicide potential as measured using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Data from a total of 167 adult male residents within a UK TC prison was included in the analysis. Correlational analysis revealed that anti-social personality traits were not significantly correlated with social climate. Suicidal ideation was also not significantly correlated to social climate. This may be due to the unique setting in which this research was conducted: a TC wherein a therapeutic culture is imperative, which may influence these factors’ effect on social climate. Anti-social personality traits were found to have a significant negative correlation with positive impression management. The results are limited in generalisability; however, this is the first exploration of the impact of anti-social personality traits and suicidal ideation on social climate within a TC. The implications and further limitations are discussed, with directions for future research outlined.
{"title":"Exploring the social climate in a UK therapeutic community prison: The influence of anti-social personality traits and suicidal ideation","authors":"Grace Trundle, Caitlin Brown, Laura Jacobs","doi":"10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.5","url":null,"abstract":"Social climate refers to how an individual experiences and perceives their environment. Within a therapeutic community (TC) prison, social climate is pertinent in supporting residents’ therapy and the therapeutic environment. This study sought to explore the relationship between social climate, assessed using the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES), and anti-social personality traits, suicidal ideation and suicide potential as measured using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Data from a total of 167 adult male residents within a UK TC prison was included in the analysis. Correlational analysis revealed that anti-social personality traits were not significantly correlated with social climate. Suicidal ideation was also not significantly correlated to social climate. This may be due to the unique setting in which this research was conducted: a TC wherein a therapeutic culture is imperative, which may influence these factors’ effect on social climate. Anti-social personality traits were found to have a significant negative correlation with positive impression management. The results are limited in generalisability; however, this is the first exploration of the impact of anti-social personality traits and suicidal ideation on social climate within a TC. The implications and further limitations are discussed, with directions for future research outlined.","PeriodicalId":426788,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Update","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133970427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.58
Alice Bennett
Terrorism is a big political and social challenge which the world is facing in modern times. A major variant of modern day terrorism is suicidal terrorism in which, the perpetrators create a threat by killing themselves and inducing mass damage. This creates mass hysteria and a threat to normalcy. Terrorism stripped to the basics is an atypical human behaviour. Terrorism is one of the most potent weapons of psychological warfare that incapacitates the target by precluding predictability. Suicidal terrorism or the act of giving up one’s life in order to damage or terrorize the target has never been understood in its totality. The novelty of this method was entirely in the mental aspect, the willingness of the suicides to cause their own death, the willingness of the organizations to sacrifice them and the support of the social milieu for such forms of terrorism. Suicide attacks are an extreme form of terrorism. The number of such attacks was small in the 1980s and 1990s. The number of scholarly publications grew after the dramatic attacks of 9/11 (2001), and continued to grow in the following years. Only a small minority of the growing body of works on suicidal terrorism have specifically focussed on the psychological aspects of this phenomenon. Psychology and Sociology have been greatly underrepresented in the academic literature on suicide terrorism. Thus, this book is an important addition to our body of knowledge.
{"title":"Understanding Suicide Terrorism: Psychosocial Dynamics","authors":"Alice Bennett","doi":"10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsfu.2020.1.135.58","url":null,"abstract":"Terrorism is a big political and social challenge which the world is facing in modern times. A major variant of modern day terrorism is suicidal terrorism in which, the perpetrators create a threat by killing themselves and inducing mass damage. This creates mass hysteria and a threat to normalcy. Terrorism stripped to the basics is an atypical human behaviour. Terrorism is one of the most potent weapons of psychological warfare that incapacitates the target by precluding predictability. Suicidal terrorism or the act of giving up one’s life in order to damage or terrorize the target has never been understood in its totality. The novelty of this method was entirely in the mental aspect, the willingness of the suicides to cause their own death, the willingness of the organizations to sacrifice them and the support of the social milieu for such forms of terrorism. Suicide attacks are an extreme form of terrorism. The number of such attacks was small in the 1980s and 1990s. The number of scholarly publications grew after the dramatic attacks of 9/11 (2001), and continued to grow in the following years. Only a small minority of the growing body of works on suicidal terrorism have specifically focussed on the psychological aspects of this phenomenon. Psychology and Sociology have been greatly underrepresented in the academic literature on suicide terrorism. Thus, this book is an important addition to our body of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":426788,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Update","volume":"373 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115911317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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