Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2021-2-155-169
I. Razumova
The purpose of the article is to determine the value of works like the book Pomni korni svoi (“Remember your roots”) by the Karelian folklorist A.S. Stepanova about the history of her native village for humanitarian research and for the dissemination of historical and ethnographic knowledge. Stepanova’s book is examined in the context of problems concerning the possibilities and ways of reconciling academic and personal everyday knowledge in the situation when a humanities scholar is acting as a first-hand historian or as an ordinary life writer. While Stepanova’s scholarly works on Karelian lamentations are internationally known, the book in question was published both in Russian and Karelian and is addressed to her direct descendants. It is about the North Karelian village of Shombozero, which no longer exists. Most of its inhabitants were related by kinship. The narrative is based on the author's memoirs and autobiography. The book includes the results of genealogical reconstruction, documentary information about the history of the settlement, oral history materials, and the demographic history of households in the late 19th — first half of the 20th centuries. It describes the topography of the area, ways of communication and means of transportation, the traditional household, and economic and everyday life of the Karelians in the 1930s–1950s. The history of the place and the everyday life of its inhabitants are presented in the projection of the formation and life path of a professional philologist and teacher. The author of the book describes and reflects on the activities of rural “national” boarding schools in the 1930s–1940s, teachers and students, life stories of various immigrants from local peasant families, the daily life of university students in the 1950s, twists and turns in the life of her family, the process of becoming a scholar, and episodes from the history of the study of Karelian folklore. As a result, the book notably exceeds its objective to preserve family memory. It is a valuable source for the study of ethnography, ethno-social and ethno-linguistic processes, the circulation of folklore, social history of families and other areas of humanitarian and social studies. It conveys both local and general historical knowledge and can be used by specialists as a professional description of the life of the settler and family-related communities during changes due to chrisis.
{"title":"History of the Family and Native Place in the Projection of the Life Path of a Professional Folklorist and Ethnographer","authors":"I. Razumova","doi":"10.31860/2712-7591-2021-2-155-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31860/2712-7591-2021-2-155-169","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to determine the value of works like the book Pomni korni svoi (“Remember your roots”) by the Karelian folklorist A.S. Stepanova about the history of her native village for humanitarian research and for the dissemination of historical and ethnographic knowledge. Stepanova’s book is examined in the context of problems concerning the possibilities and ways of reconciling academic and personal everyday knowledge in the situation when a humanities scholar is acting as a first-hand historian or as an ordinary life writer. While Stepanova’s scholarly works on Karelian lamentations are internationally known, the book in question was published both in Russian and Karelian and is addressed to her direct descendants. It is about the North Karelian village of Shombozero, which no longer exists. Most of its inhabitants were related by kinship. The narrative is based on the author's memoirs and autobiography. The book includes the results of genealogical reconstruction, documentary information about the history of the settlement, oral history materials, and the demographic history of households in the late 19th — first half of the 20th centuries. It describes the topography of the area, ways of communication and means of transportation, the traditional household, and economic and everyday life of the Karelians in the 1930s–1950s. The history of the place and the everyday life of its inhabitants are presented in the projection of the formation and life path of a professional philologist and teacher. The author of the book describes and reflects on the activities of rural “national” boarding schools in the 1930s–1940s, teachers and students, life stories of various immigrants from local peasant families, the daily life of university students in the 1950s, twists and turns in the life of her family, the process of becoming a scholar, and episodes from the history of the study of Karelian folklore. As a result, the book notably exceeds its objective to preserve family memory. It is a valuable source for the study of ethnography, ethno-social and ethno-linguistic processes, the circulation of folklore, social history of families and other areas of humanitarian and social studies. It conveys both local and general historical knowledge and can be used by specialists as a professional description of the life of the settler and family-related communities during changes due to chrisis.","PeriodicalId":426957,"journal":{"name":"Texts and History: Journal of Philological, Historical and Cultural Texts and History Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130978688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2020-3-192-201
L. V. Pavlova, I. Romanova
{"title":"“Avraamievskaya Sedmitsa” (September 19, 2020, Smolensk)","authors":"L. V. Pavlova, I. Romanova","doi":"10.31860/2712-7591-2020-3-192-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31860/2712-7591-2020-3-192-201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426957,"journal":{"name":"Texts and History: Journal of Philological, Historical and Cultural Texts and History Studies","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127237642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2021-1-105-118
S. Berezkina
This article provides a publication and an analysis of the text of the poetic letter that S. P. Shevyrev dedicated to I. D. Belyaev, a young historian who began his academic career in the journal “Moskvityanin” in the early 1840s. The letter was a response to Belyaev’s review of the book by P. M. Stroev, “Excursions of the Lords, Tsars, and Grand Dukes Mikhail Fyodorovich, Alexei Mikhailovich and Fyodor Alekseevich, Autocrats of All Rus”, published in 1844. Belyaev’s disapproval of the book was due to his disagreement on methodological issues. The article examines Belyaev’s works published in the "Moskvityanin” in 1842–1845, as well as his relations with M. P. Pogodin and S. P. Shevyrev. The poetic letter portrays a scholar immersed in academic research. This image anticipates the later memoirists’ accounts of him as an “ascetic scholar”.
这篇文章提供了s·p·舍维列夫写给年轻的历史学家i·d·别利亚耶夫(I. D. Belyaev)的诗意信件的一份出版物和文本分析。别利亚耶夫于19世纪40年代初在《莫斯科维塔宁》(Moskvityanin)杂志上开始了他的学术生涯。这封信是对别利亚耶夫对p·m·施特廖夫的一本书的评论的回应，这本书出版于1844年，名为《诸侯、沙皇和大公米哈伊尔·费奥多罗维奇、阿列克谢·米哈伊洛维奇和费奥多尔·阿列克谢耶维奇，全罗斯的独裁者》。别利亚耶夫对这本书的反对是由于他在方法论问题上的分歧。本文考察了别利亚耶夫1842-1845年在《莫斯科维塔宁》上发表的作品，以及他与M. P.波戈金和S. P.舍维列夫的关系。这封诗信描绘了一个埋头于学术研究的学者。这一形象预示着后来的回忆录作者将他描述为一个“苦行的学者”。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2020-4-85-92
G. Nivat
This work was meant to be presented as a paper at the scholarly and cultural forum “Avvakumovskie Chteniia” at the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (September 28–30, 2020). The study is dedicated to the outstanding French Slavic scholar Pierre Pascal. The main objective of the article is to show how P. Pascal realized the need to study the Live of Archpriest Avvakum and the early history of the Old Believer Schism. The article also demonstrates the peculiarity of Pascal’s research approach and examines the problem of finding the correct artistic language for the French translation of the Life of Avvakum.
{"title":"The “Spirit of Kerzhenets” at the Marx–Engels Institute","authors":"G. Nivat","doi":"10.31860/2712-7591-2020-4-85-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31860/2712-7591-2020-4-85-92","url":null,"abstract":"This work was meant to be presented as a paper at the scholarly and cultural forum “Avvakumovskie Chteniia” at the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (September 28–30, 2020). The study is dedicated to the outstanding French Slavic scholar Pierre Pascal. The main objective of the article is to show how P. Pascal realized the need to study the Live of Archpriest Avvakum and the early history of the Old Believer Schism. The article also demonstrates the peculiarity of Pascal’s research approach and examines the problem of finding the correct artistic language for the French translation of the Life of Avvakum.","PeriodicalId":426957,"journal":{"name":"Texts and History: Journal of Philological, Historical and Cultural Texts and History Studies","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128182789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2020-2-27-47
Varvara E. Dobrovol’skaya
{"title":"Russian Fairy Tales from Karelia in the Context of the Russian Fairy-Tale Tradition: the Case of the Plot Type 709, the Magic Mirror (Dead Princess)","authors":"Varvara E. Dobrovol’skaya","doi":"10.31860/2712-7591-2020-2-27-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31860/2712-7591-2020-2-27-47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":426957,"journal":{"name":"Texts and History: Journal of Philological, Historical and Cultural Texts and History Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115142904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2021-2-60-74
Natalia E. Mazalova
This study deals with archaic ideas associated with Russian ritual specialists (sorcerers) in Karelia, their initiation, and the sources of their sacred knowledge and power. The author identifies the following signs of different types of “the knowledgeable”: strength, knowledge, the ability to enter altered states of consciousness, as well as to find a source of strength. Particular attention is paid to the specific means that neophytes employed to obtain sacred knowledge — through the teacher’s saliva and urine. Features of the everyday life of Russian ritual specialists in Karelia are also analyzed. It is believed that the main function of sorcerers is to perform maleficium (porcha). The sorcerer causes harm through a mediator who takes possession of a victim and “steals” her vital force, after which the victim becomes weak and dies. In the Russian tradition in Karelia, notions about wedding maleficium persisted throughout the twentieth century, and the study shows that many of its elements go back to archaic rites of passage that were rethought in the 19th and 20th centuries. The wedding is perceived as the symbolic “temporary death” of a person in one status — as an unmarried young fellow or an unmarried girl — and the “birth” of a person in a different status — as a married man or a married woman. The author argues that actions performed by a sorcerer at a wedding, while perceived as harmful to the young couple, are aimed at “introducing” the bride and groom into the state of “temporary death”. Since the “secret knowledge” of the healer is primarily based on the knowledge of incantations (zagovor), the article analyzes the process of passage and circulation of magical incantations in Karelia. The author concludes that the Russian sorcerer of Karelia is a complex figure. On the one hand, the image of the sorcerer retains the archaic features of the demiurge, who, during the wedding ceremony, creates new members of society — a young couple, capable of procreation. The sorcerer also controls the behavior of members of society. On the other hand, his image contains the features of a trickster, who “overturns” the foundations of the world, thus ushering its renewal. The functioning of the “secret knowledge” of the healer is aimed at restoring order out of chaos, restoring the integrity of the body, which the sorcerer has violated by “sending” sickness to a person. The mythological features of the image of the healer who heals at the cost of his own health, often through adoption of sickness from the patient, can be compared with the features of heroes-demiurges who sacrifice themselves.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2021-1-158-188
Aleksandr A. Chuvjurov
The article examines texts of several genres of urban folklore the content of which is related to the Beatles. These texts are remakes of lyrics (“Michelle”, “Back in the U.S.S.R”), jokes, and various kinds of fictional narratives, like funny stories about writing particular songs and about some events from the life of the band members. Some jokes about the Beatles involve popular characters of Soviet jokes (anekdot) — Vasilii Ivanovich (Chapaev) and his batman Pet’ka. The song “Can’t Buy Me Love” was also rendered in a folkloric manner (“In the Square in Liverpool…”). Variations of this song were widespread among rock music fans in the USSR in the 1970s. Today, modern communication modes, like the Internet and social networks, are instrumental in the revival of these folklore (post-folklore) texts.
本文考察了与披头士乐队有关的几种类型的城市民间传说的文本。这些文本是歌词(“Michelle”，“Back in the ussr”)，笑话和各种虚构的叙述，如写特定歌曲的有趣故事和乐队成员生活中的一些事件。一些关于披头士的笑话涉及到苏联笑话中的流行人物——瓦西里·伊万诺维奇(查帕耶夫饰)和他的蝙蝠侠Pet 'ka。歌曲《不能买到我的爱》(Can 't Buy Me Love)也以一种民俗的方式呈现(《在利物浦的广场上……》)。这首歌的变奏曲在20世纪70年代的苏联摇滚乐爱好者中广为流传。今天，现代传播方式，如互联网和社交网络，在这些民俗(后民俗)文本的复兴中发挥了重要作用。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2020-3-180-191
V. Bystrov
The author presents an analysis of Vladimir Gippius’s poem “To Russia” (in the manuscript of the first redaction of the unpublished collection “Eclipses of Stars”, the poem has the title The Lay of Igor’s Campaign). The poem was written at the beginning of World War I, presumably in the autumn of 1914. The text is reproduced from the publication in the collection War in Russian Poetry (1915). The analysis involves materials of a lecture on The Lay of Igor’s Campaign that Vladimir Gippius gave to his students at the Tenishev School. The poem is an artistic interpretation of the ancient text with free paraphrasing of some fragments. The poem contains a considerable number of references to its source and echoes of it. Gippius’s poem is compared with translations of other poets (V. A. Zhukovsky, L. A. Mei, A. N. Maykov). Special attention is paid to the original images and metaphors of Gippius’s text. For example, in other renderings there is no such expression as “the clear Don” (in the original: “the blue Don”). In Gippius’s poem, an eclipse of the sun is a good sign that opens rather than block Igor’s path, and foxes do not “bark” but “sing”. Gippius’s text also echoes poems from the cycle “On the Field of Kulikovo” by Alexander Blok. A short discussion of Gippius’s unpubliched poem “What is the noise of military weapons to me?” completes the analysis. In the first redaction of the collection “Eclipses of Stars”, this poem immediately follows The Lay of Igor’s Campaign and is latently associated with it. This poem was also written in the autumn of 1914.
作者对弗拉基米尔·吉皮乌斯的诗《致俄罗斯》进行了分析(在未出版的合集《星蚀》的初版手稿中，这首诗的标题是《伊戈尔战役的旋律》)。这首诗写于第一次世界大战之初，大概是在1914年的秋天。本文摘自1915年出版的《俄国诗歌中的战争》一书。分析涉及到Vladimir Gippius在Tenishev学校给他的学生们做的关于伊戈尔运动的演讲的材料。这首诗是对古代文本的艺术诠释，对一些片段进行了自由的意译。这首诗包含了相当多的参考来源和回声。本文将吉普斯的诗与其他诗人的译文(茹科夫斯基、梅、梅可夫)进行了比较。特别注意的是原始图像和隐喻的吉皮乌斯的文本。例如，在其他渲染中没有“the clear Don”这样的表达(在原文中是“the blue Don”)。在吉皮乌斯的诗中，日食是一个好兆头，它打开了而不是挡住了伊戈尔的道路，狐狸不是“吠叫”而是“歌唱”。吉皮乌斯的文本也呼应了亚历山大·布洛克(Alexander Blok)的《库利科沃田野》(On the Field of Kulikovo)中的诗歌。关于吉普斯未发表的诗“对我来说，军事武器的噪音是什么?”完成分析。在《星蚀》合集的第一版中，这首诗紧随《伊戈尔的战役》并与之有潜在的联系。这首诗也是在1914年秋天写的。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2021-2-41-59
Olga M. Fishman
The article analyzes the field work of the renowned ethnographer Konstantin Kuzmich Loginov (1952–2020), an expert in ethno-local history and the culture of Karelia, the Russian North and, in particular, the Zaonezhye Region. The contents of Loginov’s voluminous monographs and articles allow us to identify his strategy in field communications and his relations with specific informants. Loginov’s position inside the ethnic community under research was complex: he was simultaneously a collector, interpreter, supporter, and custodian of the fading collective memory peculiar to a certain ethnic community of the Russian North and Karelia. Loginov’s research prioritized the study of local groups of Russians and partly of Karelians and their leaders. From this point of view, the article considers materials collected by Loginov during two field seasons, which took place in 2011 and 2012, when he conducted a series of in-depth interviews with N. V. Likhacheva (1916–2016), a representative of the elder generations of one of the local groups of the Tver Karelians — Vesiegonskie. The results of those in-depth interviews were the recordings of autobiographical narratives that reveal the informant’s evaluation of her personal life, show her religious views, their depth and peculiar properties, as well as her reading experience and knowledge of local folk traditions. These aspects constitute the worldview of the bearer of the traditional culture in the second half of the 20th — early 21st century.
本文分析了著名民族学家Konstantin Kuzmich Loginov(1952-2020)的实地工作，他是俄罗斯北部卡利利阿(Karelia)，特别是zonezhye地区的民族-地方历史和文化专家。罗吉诺夫的大量专著和文章的内容使我们能够确定他在实地交流中的策略以及他与特定线人的关系。Loginov在被研究的民族社区中的地位是复杂的:他同时是俄罗斯北部和卡累利阿某一民族社区特有的逐渐消失的集体记忆的收集者、解释者、支持者和保卫者。罗吉诺夫的研究重点是对俄罗斯当地群体和部分卡累利阿人及其领导人的研究。从这个角度来看，本文考虑了Loginov在2011年和2012年两个实地季节收集的材料，当时他对特维尔卡利利阿人当地群体之一的老一辈代表N. V. Likhacheva(1916-2016)进行了一系列深入采访。这些深度访谈的结果是自传式叙述的记录，揭示了她对个人生活的评价，显示了她的宗教观及其深度和特殊性，以及她的阅读经历和对当地民间传统的了解。这些方面构成了20世纪下半叶至21世纪初传统文化承担者的世界观。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31860/2712-7591-2021-2-9-22
I. Vinokurova
This article is dedicated to the memory of Konstantin Kuzmich Loginov (1952–2020), a first-rate professional ethnographer, who worked at the Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article presents a biographical study of the most important stages of the researcher’s life and an analysis of his scholarly activities. Loginov is known as the foremost scholar of the ethnic history and the traditional culture of the Russian population of Karelia and of the features of its ethno-local groups. He is the author of about 185 research articles in which he applied descriptive and comparative-historical methods to the rich field material that he himself collected. Loginov’s most significant works are the five books (including one co-authored) devoted to the study of the Russian population of the north shore of Lake Onega (Zaonezhye) and territories around Lake Vodlozero (Vodlozerye). He is also the author of chapters in seven major collective scholarly works, including books about the Karelian settlements of Suisar, Yukkoguba, and Syamozero. The last work of this kind was the book The Peoples of Karelia. Historical and Ethnographic Essays. Loginov also devoted much time and effort to such scholarly activities as expeditions, presentations at conferences, popularization of ethnographic knowledge, and teaching.
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